US20120125320A1 - Method for providing heat - Google Patents

Method for providing heat Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120125320A1
US20120125320A1 US13/380,177 US201013380177A US2012125320A1 US 20120125320 A1 US20120125320 A1 US 20120125320A1 US 201013380177 A US201013380177 A US 201013380177A US 2012125320 A1 US2012125320 A1 US 2012125320A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
storage reservoir
carrier medium
thermal carrier
solar collector
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/380,177
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English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Engelhart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VKR Holding AS
Original Assignee
VKR Holding AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VKR Holding AS filed Critical VKR Holding AS
Assigned to VKR HOLDING A/S reassignment VKR HOLDING A/S ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENGELHART, KLAUS
Publication of US20120125320A1 publication Critical patent/US20120125320A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0095—Devices for preventing damage by freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/04—Hot-water central heating systems with the water under high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F24D3/1008—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system expansion tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing heat for heating buildings and optionally for heating tap water via a solar collector, in which the solar collector is filled and permeated with a thermal carrier medium in the case of solar radiation, in order to heat the thermal carrier medium, and in which the solar collector is otherwise emptied, the thermal carrier medium being collected in a storage reservoir, and the thermal carrier medium being kept under elevated pressure in the storage reservoir and in the solar collector.
  • the standard construction of solar plants comprises a thermal carrier medium being conducted through the solar collector in a closed circuit. Since the solar collector always remains filled, it is necessary to take corresponding technical precautions to ensure reliable operation, such as antifreeze agents, compensating reservoirs, and the like. In specific applications, however, a simplification of this construction is desirable to achieve particular robustness and cost-efficiency. For this reason, solar plants have been developed in which the solar collector is only flooded with thermal carrier medium during operation and otherwise is emptied. Such a plant is disclosed in DE 20 20 6564 U. In such a plant, the thermal carrier medium is removed from a storage reservoir and pumped through the solar collector for heating when appropriate heat is available. If the pump is stationary, the solar collector empties, so that no danger of freezing exists even without antifreeze agent. In addition, in the event of an already fully loaded storage, overheating or vaporization of the liquid can be prevented, whereby the danger of stagnation can be avoided.
  • the given solution has the disadvantage that at least one heat exchanger is required for the usage of the heat in a building heating system, and losses of thermal carrier medium due to vaporization can occur in the event of strong solar radiation and low consumption. In addition, corrosion can occur due to the absorption of oxygen from the air.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,167 A discloses a closed system made of solar collector, compensating reservoir, and heat exchanger.
  • the vaporization and oxygen problems can be reduced by a possible pressure application, however, the disadvantage of the lack of efficiency and the required expenditure still exists.
  • the invention intends to avoid these disadvantages and to specify a solution, which is simple, cost-effective, robust, and efficient at the same time. Robust not only means insensitivity in the mechanical sense, but rather also non-problematic control behavior. Efficient primarily means a high efficiency and a good utilization of the available heat.
  • the method is characterized in that the storage reservoir is partially filled with thermal carrier medium and partially filled with gas in all operating states, and the thermal carrier medium is removed directly from the storage reservoir for heating the building.
  • tap water can be heated.
  • the pressurized thermal carrier medium can be used directly for building heating, so that any heat exchanger in the heating system can be avoided.
  • a heat exchanger typically means a temperature loss of approximately 3 K to 5 K, which results in a corresponding loss in efficiency.
  • the necessity of installing typical compensating reservoirs is also dispensed with simultaneously, since the storage reservoir itself serves as the compensating reservoir.
  • the thermal carrier medium typically primarily comprises water, which boils at 100° C. under normal pressure. Temperatures of 120° to 140° can certainly be permitted using the solution according to the invention. No losses of thermal carrier medium occur as a result of the closed system.
  • thermal carrier medium has a free surface in the storage reservoir.
  • Membranes or the like are not necessary for separating air and thermal carrier medium.
  • multiple solar collectors and/or storage reservoirs can be connected in parallel. In this way, it is not only possible to increase the total performance, but rather also to take an East-West orientation of the solar collectors into consideration, if this is necessary because of structural conditions.
  • tap water is heated in that it is conducted through a heat exchanger in the storage reservoir.
  • a solar system which is used both for heating and also for hot water preparation can be prepared using simple means.
  • the temperature stratification of the thermal carrier medium in the storage reservoir can be utilized optimally by a spiral tube heat exchanger, which extends in the vertical direction over a substantial part of the storage reservoir.
  • air is used as the gas, systems having nitrogen filling also being advisable.
  • the pressure in the system is typically set to a value between 2 bar and 5 bar.
  • the present invention relates to a device for performing the above method for providing heat for heating buildings and optionally for heating tap water, having a solar collector, a storage reservoir, and a heating system, the solar collector being provided with an apparatus for operational emptying.
  • the system made of solar collector, storage reservoir, and heating system is implemented as a closed system fillable under pressure using a single thermal carrier medium, and the storage reservoir is fillable with gas in addition to the thermal carrier medium.
  • the device according to the invention is implemented so that a supply line to the solar collector is provided, which originates from the lower area of the storage reservoir and in which a delivery pump is provided, and a return line is provided, which opens into an upper area of the storage reservoir, which is located above a maximum fill limit for the thermal carrier medium.
  • a supply line to the solar collector is provided, which originates from the lower area of the storage reservoir and in which a delivery pump is provided, and a return line is provided, which opens into an upper area of the storage reservoir, which is located above a maximum fill limit for the thermal carrier medium.
  • the ventilation of the solar collector can be performed easily by turning off the delivery pump, if it is implemented so that it can have flow through it opposite to the delivery direction. It is important that the solar collector is arranged sufficiently far above the storage reservoir.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment variant.
  • the device according to the invention from FIG. 1 comprises a solar collector 1 and a storage reservoir 2 , as well as a heating system 3 for a building (not shown in greater detail).
  • the heating system 3 can be a system made of radiators, or a floor or wall heater, in a way known per se.
  • the heating of the thermal carrier medium can be performed directly by a heat pump or another appliance, for example, however, the thermal carrier medium can also be heated in the storage reservoir 2 via a heat exchanger or an electrical heating rod.
  • the storage reservoir 2 is connected via a supply line 4 having a delivery pump 5 to the solar collector 1 .
  • a return line 6 which opens into the storage reservoir 2 , is attached to the top side of the solar collector 1 . In order to achieve a corresponding temperature stratification, the return line 6 continues in a stratification pipe 7 , which has a plurality of backflow openings 7 a arranged vertically one over another.
  • the solar collector 1 is arranged above the storage reservoir 2 by a height h.
  • the heating system comprises a heating line system 9 having a heating pump 8 , which is connected directly to the storage reservoir 2 and correspondingly has the same thermal carrier medium flowing through it as the solar collector 1 .
  • a spiral tube heat exchanger 10 for the hot water preparation is provided in the storage reservoir 2 , which extends vertically in a way known per se over a substantial section of the storage reservoir 2 .
  • the storage reservoir 2 has an upper section 12 in which a gas, for example, air is provided.
  • the area 13 is filled with thermal carrier medium, which has a free surface 11 . It is essential that the return line 6 or the stratification pipe 7 has an opening which is located above a maximum fill level for the storage reservoir 2 .
  • the delivery pump 5 is put into operation and the solar collector 1 is filled with thermal carrier medium, which flows back via the return line 6 into the storage reservoir 2 .
  • the thermal carrier medium returned from the solar collector 2 will flow out at the highest point of the stratification pipe 7 and therefore generate a temperature stratification in the storage reservoir 2 .
  • the temperature of the backflowing thermal carrier medium is between the temperature in the lower section of the storage reservoir 2 and the temperature of the thermal carrier medium in the top section of the storage reservoir 2 , the thermal carrier medium will primarily flow out between these areas.
  • the storage reservoir 2 is therefore essentially charged from top to bottom while maintaining the temperature stratification.
  • An air space is implemented in the upper area 12 of the storage reservoir 2 , in that air is present under a pressure of approximately 3 bar, the volume of this air space being greater than the volume of the solar collector 1 and the relevant line sections 4 to or 6 from the solar collector 1 , respectively. If the delivery pump 5 is turned off, the thermal carrier medium flows opposite to the delivery direction of the delivery pump 5 back into the storage reservoir 2 and air is suctioned out of the upper section 12 of the storage reservoir 2 into the solar collector 1 via the return line 6 . The liquid level 11 in the storage reservoir 2 thus rises and the air space is reduced. The system is operated so that a minimal air space remains in the storage reservoir 2 in any case, however. The danger of freezing at correspondingly low temperatures is entirely avoided by the complete emptying of the solar collector 1 .
  • the air space 12 in the storage reservoir 2 simultaneously also serves as a compensating space for the heating system 3 , which is kept at a matching pressure level in this way.
  • two solar systems A and B are connected in parallel to a feed line 14 and a return line 15 of a heating system (not shown in greater detail).
  • These systems A and B each comprise a solar collector 1 having a shared storage reservoir 2 , as well as a delivery pump 5 in the supply line 4 .
  • the two solar systems A and B can be operated independently of one another in this way. It is also possible to provide a separate storage reservoir 2 for each of the solar collectors 1 .
  • the storage reservoirs 2 may be implemented relatively small, in the extreme case so that in operation, i.e., with flooded solar collector 1 , only a minimal quantity of thermal carrier medium is present in the storage reservoir 2 .
  • the system according to the invention is very robust, since temperatures of 120° C. and more can also be permitted in the solar collector. However, even in the event of an excess of incident solar radiation and a simultaneous lack of consumption, overheating can easily be avoided by simply turning off the delivery pump 5 , since a further heat supply into the system is suppressed in this way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
US13/380,177 2009-06-25 2010-06-16 Method for providing heat Abandoned US20120125320A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA978/2009 2009-06-25
ATA978/2009A AT508480B1 (de) 2009-06-25 2009-06-25 Verfahren zur bereitstellung von wärme
PCT/EP2010/058438 WO2010149550A2 (de) 2009-06-25 2010-06-16 Verfahren zur bereitstellung von wärme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120125320A1 true US20120125320A1 (en) 2012-05-24

Family

ID=43386947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/380,177 Abandoned US20120125320A1 (en) 2009-06-25 2010-06-16 Method for providing heat

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20120125320A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2446196B1 (de)
AT (1) AT508480B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2430646T3 (de)
PL (1) PL2446196T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2010149550A2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110041835A1 (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 James Wayne Blevins Solar heat exchanger
US20110203576A1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-25 Thoma Hans Guenther Heat generator group with jet pump flow circuit control
CN107166476A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-15 东北大学 一种高压水箱联合吸收式热泵的供热系统
WO2017209832A1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 A.O. Smith Corporation Stratifier for tank-type water heater

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104101117B (zh) * 2013-04-15 2016-03-16 刘在祥 平板太阳能外壳的充氮设备及充氮方法
KR20160019003A (ko) 2014-08-08 2016-02-18 대성히트펌프 주식회사 디퓨저가 일체로 구비된 초소형·소형 축열탱크 및 축열탱크 제작방법

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653429A (en) * 1969-05-06 1972-04-04 Hooker Chemical Corp Water heating system
US3799145A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-03-26 D Butterfield Solar heating system
US4027821A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-06-07 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Solar heating/cooling system
US4232655A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-11-11 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collection
US4237862A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-12-09 Helios Corporation Closed pressurized solar heating system with automatic solar collector drain-down
US4319561A (en) * 1980-03-06 1982-03-16 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collector assembly
US4340033A (en) * 1979-03-05 1982-07-20 Stewart James M Heat collecting, utilizing and storage apparatus and method
US4385625A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-05-31 Lee Kap Joong Building heating system
US5823177A (en) * 1996-01-16 1998-10-20 Whitehead; John C. Pumpless solar water heater with isolated pressurized storage
US20070227529A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Fafco, Inc. Kit for solar water heating system

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2394765A1 (fr) 1976-12-03 1979-01-12 Paul Bettinger Procede de recuperation optimale de l'energie solaire au moyen d'une regulation adaptee aux variations journalieres
US4269167A (en) * 1979-12-07 1981-05-26 Embree John M Closed pressurized solar heating system with automatic valveless solar collector drain-back
DE3742910A1 (de) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-20 Alfred R Dr Ing Neugebauer Heizanlage
NL1013261C1 (nl) * 1999-10-11 2000-02-04 Heatex Bv Systeem voor het met zonne-energie verwarmen van tapwater met anti-Legionella-voorzieningen.
DE19953493C2 (de) * 1999-11-06 2003-12-18 Ht Helio Tech Gmbh Solaranlage
AT411707B (de) * 2000-05-23 2004-04-26 Demmerer Christian Ing Wasserspeicher
DE20206564U1 (de) * 2002-04-25 2002-10-10 CONSOLAR Energiespeicher- und Regelungssysteme GmbH, 60489 Frankfurt Luftabscheider und Leerlaufhilfe für Solaranlagen ohne Frostschutzmittel
PL356349A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-05 Adam Skorut Method of safe transfer of solar energy and low-pressure system for transmission of solar energy
FR2847663B3 (fr) * 2002-11-21 2005-02-18 Sylvain Pelletier Capteur solaire cylindro-parabolique avec dispositifs de poursuite, protection atmospherique, raccordement a un chauffe-eau electrique classique et purge antigel

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3653429A (en) * 1969-05-06 1972-04-04 Hooker Chemical Corp Water heating system
US3799145A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-03-26 D Butterfield Solar heating system
US4027821A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-06-07 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Solar heating/cooling system
US4237862A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-12-09 Helios Corporation Closed pressurized solar heating system with automatic solar collector drain-down
US4232655A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-11-11 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collection
US4340033A (en) * 1979-03-05 1982-07-20 Stewart James M Heat collecting, utilizing and storage apparatus and method
US4319561A (en) * 1980-03-06 1982-03-16 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collector assembly
US4385625A (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-05-31 Lee Kap Joong Building heating system
US5823177A (en) * 1996-01-16 1998-10-20 Whitehead; John C. Pumpless solar water heater with isolated pressurized storage
US20070227529A1 (en) * 2006-03-29 2007-10-04 Fafco, Inc. Kit for solar water heating system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110041835A1 (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 James Wayne Blevins Solar heat exchanger
US20110203576A1 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-25 Thoma Hans Guenther Heat generator group with jet pump flow circuit control
US8826903B2 (en) * 2010-02-24 2014-09-09 Helmut Bälz GmbH Heat generator group with jet pump flow circuit control
WO2017209832A1 (en) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 A.O. Smith Corporation Stratifier for tank-type water heater
US11280557B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2022-03-22 A. O. Smith Corporation Stratifier for tank-type water heater
CN107166476A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-15 东北大学 一种高压水箱联合吸收式热泵的供热系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2430646T3 (es) 2013-11-21
AT508480A1 (de) 2011-01-15
EP2446196B1 (de) 2013-07-24
EP2446196A2 (de) 2012-05-02
WO2010149550A3 (de) 2011-06-16
AT508480B1 (de) 2012-04-15
PL2446196T3 (pl) 2013-12-31
WO2010149550A2 (de) 2010-12-29

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Owner name: VKR HOLDING A/S, DENMARK

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ENGELHART, KLAUS;REEL/FRAME:027692/0426

Effective date: 20120208

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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