US20120114855A1 - Coating installation and coating method - Google Patents
Coating installation and coating method Download PDFInfo
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- US20120114855A1 US20120114855A1 US13/375,926 US201013375926A US2012114855A1 US 20120114855 A1 US20120114855 A1 US 20120114855A1 US 201013375926 A US201013375926 A US 201013375926A US 2012114855 A1 US2012114855 A1 US 2012114855A1
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- activation element
- recipient
- contact elements
- coating device
- contact
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/46—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
- C23C16/27—Diamond only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/26—Deposition of carbon only
- C23C16/27—Diamond only
- C23C16/271—Diamond only using hot filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/28—Deposition of only one other non-metal element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
Abstract
A coating method can use a coating device containing at least one recipient which can be evacuated and which is adapted to accommodate a substrate, at least one gas supply device which is used to introduce at least one gaseous precursor into the recipient and at least one heatable activation element which has a definable longitudinal extension and which is fastened by means of at least one associated mechanical fastening device. Electric current can be supplied to the activation element via at least two contact elements and the contact elements are fastened so as to be virtually immobile relative to the recipient. The activation element is arranged so as to be mobile relative to the recipient.
Description
- The invention relates to a coating device, comprising at least one recipient (10), which can be evacuated and which is adapted to receive a substrate (30), at least one gas supply device (20, 21, 22), being adapted to introduce at least one gaseous precursor into the recipient (10), and at least one heatable activation element (40), which has a predeterminable longitudinal extent and is fastened by means of at least one dedicated mechanical fastening device. The invention also relates to a corresponding coating method.
- Coating devices of the type mentioned are intended according to the prior art for coating a substrate by means of a hot-wire activated chemical vapor deposition. The deposited layers may, for example, comprise carbon, silicon or germanium. Correspondingly, the gaseous precursors may, for example, comprise methane, monosilane, monogermanium, ammonia or trimethylsilane.
- K. Honda, K. Ohdaira and H. Matsumura, Jpn. J. App. Phys., Vol. 47, No. 5, discloses using a coating device of the type mentioned at the beginning for depositing silicon. For this purpose, silane (SiH4) is supplied as a precursor by means of the gas supply device. According to the prior art, the precursor is disassociated and activated at the heated tungsten surface of an activation element, so that a layer of silicon or a layer comprising silicon can be deposited on a substrate.
- However, a disadvantage of the cited prior art is that an undesired reaction of the material of the activation element with the precursor takes place, particularly at the colder clamping points of the activation element.
- For example, the use of a silane compound as a precursor may lead to the formation of silicide phases on the activation element.
- The silicide phases occurring during the reaction generally lead to changes in volume of the activation element, are brittle in comparison with the starting material and cannot withstand such great mechanical forces, and they often exhibit a changed electrical resistance. This has the effect that the activation element is often already destroyed after being in operation for a few hours. For example, the activation element may be used under mechanical prestress in the recipient and rupture under the influence of this mechanical prestress. In order to prevent rupturing of the activation element under mechanical prestress, the prior art proposes flushing the clamping points with an inert gas. Although the prior art does show that the service life is extended to a limited extent, this is still insufficient when performing relatively long coating processes or for carrying out a number of shorter coating processes one directly after the other. Furthermore, the inert gas that is used influences the coating process.
- The invention is consequently based on the object of extending the service life of an activation element in a coating device for hot-wire activated chemical vapor deposition without disadvantageously influencing the coating process. The object of the invention is also to increase the stability of the process and/or to simplify the control of the process.
- According to the invention, it is proposed in a way known per se to introduce a substrate to be coated into a recipient which can be evacuated. The recipient may, for example, consist of aluminum, high-grade steel, ceramic and/or glass. The recipient is closed off in a substantially airtight manner in a way known per se, for example by sealing elements of metal or polymer or by welded and soldered or brazed connections. The recipient may be evacuated by means of a vacuum pump.
- At least one gaseous precursor with a predeterminable partial pressure is introduced into the recipient by way of a gas supply device. For example, the precursor may comprise methane or other hydrocarbons, silanes, germaniums, ammonia, trimethylsilane, oxygen and/or hydrogen.
- For the depositing of a layer, at least one activation element arranged in the space inside the recipient is heated. In some embodiments of the invention, the heating of the activation element may be performed by electron-impact heating and/or electrical resistance heating. The activation element substantially comprises a refractory metal. This may be selected from the group comprising molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, tantalum or an alloy of these metals. In addition, the activation element may comprise further chemical elements, which either represent unavoidable impurities or, as an alloying constituent, adapt the properties of the activation element to the desired properties. The activation element may take the form of a wire, a plate, a tube, a cylinder and/or further, more complex geometries.
- At the surface of the activation element, the molecules of the gaseous precursor are at least partially disassociated or excited. The excitation and/or disassociation may be enhanced by catalytic properties of the surface of the activation element. The molecules activated in this way reach the surface of the substrate, where they form the desired coating. In addition, molecules of the gaseous precursor may be at least partially reacted with the material of the activation element. Depending on the temperature of the activation element, the excitation and/or the disassociation and/or the reaction with the material of the activation element may be suppressed or accelerated.
- In order to supply an electrical current to the activation element, at least two contact elements are provided, by means of which the activation element can be connected to an electrical current or voltage source. In an activation element with a homogeneous material composition and constant cross section, the thermal energy deposited when an electrical current flows through is introduced uniformly along the longitudinal extent.
- On account of the increased thermal conductivity and/or the increased heat dissipation of the contact element, the activation element may have a lower temperature in a portion near the contact element, as compared with a portion at a greater distance from the contact element. In this case, the temperature of the activation element may fall so far in a portion near the contact element that the material of the activation element preferentially undergoes a chemical reaction with the precursor. For example, an activation element comprising tungsten may form a tungsten-silicide phase with a precursor comprising silicon.
- To solve this problem, it is proposed according to the invention to move the activation element by means of a movable fastening device over fixed contact elements, so that these contact the activation element at changing contact points. The relative movement has the effect that the shifting of the contact element is accompanied by a shifting of those points at which the activation element has a reduced temperature. As a result, the activation element does not undergo an undesired phase transformation or acceleration of such a phase transformation at the same place during the entire duration of the coating process.
- In some embodiments of the invention, an initially occurring undesired phase transformation, for example the formation of a carbide or silicide, can also be reversed again if the surface area or partial portion of the activation element that has been transformed in an undesired way is subsequently heated up to an elevated temperature. In this way, the lifetime of the activation element can be increased.
- According to the invention, the formation of changing contact points is brought about by movement of the activation element which is imparted by way of a movement of the fastening device, whereas the contact elements remain immovable in relation to the surrounding recipient. In the sense of the present description, the contact element is also immovable whenever it undergoes a small change in length due to thermal expansion or comprises a holding device which can compensate for a thermal expansion.
- In some embodiments of the invention, an elongate activation element may have a greater length than the region used for activating the precursor. However, the activation element is always arranged completely in the recipient and not for instance accommodated in a reservoir. By displacing the activation element, a respectively changing partial portion of the activation element is heated. Since the contact elements are fixedly arranged, the heated partial portion that is arranged between the contact elements remains constant. This simplifies the electrical control of the power consumption and/or the temperature of the activation element. The displacement of the activation element in relation to the contact element can be imparted by a translation of the fastening device and/or a rotation of the fastening device. In the latter case, the activation element may be formed as an endless ring or a loop.
- In some embodiments of the invention, the activation element may comprise at least one wire. In the sense of the present invention, a wire may have a round, oval or polygonal cross section. In this way, the ratio of surface to volume of the activation element can be increased. In some embodiments of the invention, such an activation element may be guided or deflected by way of at least one roller. The roller may be part of a contact element and/or a fastening device.
- The invention is intended to be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and figures, without restricting the general concept of the invention. In the figures:
-
FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a coating device according to the invention, -
FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of activation elements which are led endlessly through the active zone, -
FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an activation element proposed according to the invention, wherein the movement is imparted by a translation of the fastening device, -
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment wherein a movable activation element is led over a number of fixed contact elements. -
FIG. 1 shows a cross section through acoating device 1. Thecoating device 1 comprises arecipient 10, which is, for example, produced from high-grade steel, aluminum, glass or a combination of these materials. Therecipient 10 is closed off from the surroundings in a substantially airtight manner. A vacuum pump (not represented) may be connected by way of apump flange 103. For example, therecipient 10 may be evacuated to a pressure of less than 100 mbar, less than 10−2 mbar or less than 10−6 mbar. - Inside the
recipient 10 there is a holdingdevice 104, wherein asubstrate 30 may be mounted. Thesubstrate 30 may, for example, consist of glass, silicon, plastic, ceramic, metal or an alloy. The substrate may be a semiconductor wafer, an architectural glass or a tool. It may have a planar or curved surface. The materials mentioned are only mentioned here by way of example. The invention does not teach the use of a specific substrate as a principle for providing a solution. During the operation of thecoating device 1, acoating 105 is deposited on thesubstrate 30. - The composition of the
coating 105 is influenced by the choice of the gaseous precursor. In one embodiment of the invention, the precursor may comprise methane, so that thecoating 105 comprises diamond or diamond-like carbon. In another embodiment of the invention, the precursor may comprise monosilane and/or monogermanium, so that the coating comprises crystalline or amorphous silicon and/or germanium. - The gaseous precursor is introduced into the interior of the
recipient 10 by way of at least onegas supply device 20. Thegas supply device 20 obtains the gaseous precursor from astorage vessel 21. The amount of precursor taken from thestorage vessel 21 can be influenced by way of acontrol valve 22. If thecoating 105 is made up of a number of different precursors, thestorage vessel 21 may comprise a prepared gas mixture, or else a number ofgas supply devices 20 may be provided, each introducing a component of the made-up precursor into therecipient 10. - The amount of precursor supplied to the
gas supply device 20 by way of thecontrol valve 22 is monitored by way of acontrol device 101. Thecontrol device 101 is supplied with an actual value of a partial or absolute pressure by a measuringdevice 100. - For the activation of the gaseous precursor, an
activation element 40 is available. Theactivation element 40 comprises one or more catalytically active surfaces, for example in the form of a metal sheet or a wire. For example, theactivation element 40 may comprise tungsten, molybdenum, and niobium and/or tantalum. During the operation of the activation element, there forms inside therecipient 10 anactive zone 50, wherein disassociated and/or excited constituents of the precursor are detectable. - The
activation element 40 is fastened to at least onefastening device 44. Thefastening device 44 guides theactivation element 40 to a predeterminable position and/or with a predeterminable mechanical stress. At least onefastening device 44 may be configured in an electrically insulated manner, in order to bring the activation element at least partially to a predeterminable electrical potential. - The activity of the surface of the
activation element 40 is achieved at an elevated temperature in comparison with room temperature. For the heating of theactivation element 40, it is envisaged according toFIG. 1 to provide at least twoelectrical contact elements 43. At least onecontact element 43 may be connected to apower source 107 by means of a vacuum-tight leadthrough 108. In this case, the heating of theactivation element 40 is performed by resistance heating. If the activation element consists of a homogeneous material and has a uniform thickness, the heating power E introduced along the longitudinal extent x of the activation element is constant: -
- On account of the heat conduction and/or heat radiation of the
fastening devices 44 and/or thecontact elements 43, the temperature of theactivation element 40 decreases from the geometrical center to the periphery if the heating power is substantially constant over the length of the wire. In this case, a temperature at which the material of theactivation element 40 is reacted at an accelerated rate with the gaseous precursor to form undesired phases, for example carbides and/or silicides and/or germanides, may be established near thecontact element 43. - In order to minimize the harmful influence of the precursor on the activation element, it is proposed according to
FIG. 1 to use anactivation element 40 of which the geometrical dimensions are greater than the dimensions of theactive zone 50. Theactivation element 40 is mounted inside therecipient 10 in an electrically insulated manner by means of thefastening devices 44. The twocontact elements 43 lie in contact with theactivation element 40, for example, by way of rollers, rolls, sliding contacts or similar elements. - The
contact elements 43 are installed substantially fixedly in the recipient. The spacing of thecontact elements 43 determines the length of the partial portion of theactivation element 40 that is heated by current flow. - The
fastening devices 44 are movable along a transportingdirection 49, which may in some embodiments run along the longitudinal extent of theactivation element 40. The movement of thefastening devices 44 along the transportingdirection 49 may be harmonic or anharmonic, and take place continuously or with intermittent breaks. - The movement of the
fastening devices 44 has the effect that the location of lower temperature that forms near the contact point of thecontact element 43 on theactivation element 40 is locally variable. In this way, the harmful influence of the precursor on theactivation element 40 is distributed over a greater surface area or longitudinal portion of the activation element, so that the overall lifetime of the activation element is increased. In some embodiments of the invention, it may additionally be provided that a region that is damaged in the presence of the precursor at low temperatures is regenerated again by increasing the temperature when moving thecontact element 43 away, in that the undesired phases of theactivation element 40 undergo a renewed reaction. -
FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of anactivation element 40. In this embodiment of the invention, the active surface of theactivation element 40 is formed by awire 41, which, for example, comprises tungsten, niobium, molybdenum or tantalum. The cross section may be polygonal or round, so that the visual impression of a strip can be obtained. - The
activation element 40 according toFIG. 6 comprises threewires rollers 46, which form both thecontact element 43 and the holdingelement 44. The tworollers 46 dedicated to awire respective wire 41 there flows an electrical current, which heats thewire 41. In this way there forms between thewires substrate 30 once again anactive zone 50, wherein the disassociated and/or excited molecules for the depositing of a layer are detectable. - On account of the heat removal by way of the
rollers 46, the temperature of thewire 41 decreases from the center of the active zone to the peripheral region with therollers 46. In order to slow down or prevent the embrittlement or rupture of thewire 41, it is proposed to set at least oneroller 46 in rotation, for example by means of an electric motor or a spring tensioning means. In this way, thewire 41 cyclically passes through the region with the least heat removal and the highest temperature at the center of theactive zone 50 and the region with the greatest heat removal and the lowest temperature at therollers 46. In this way, undesired carbide, germanide or silicide phases, which form in the colder region near therollers 46, can be reduced again in the center of theactive zone 50. At least, however, thewire 41 undergoes a uniform reaction over its entire length, so that the lifetime thereof to mechanical failure is increased. The uniform aging of the wire has the effect that its electrical properties change only slowly, so that the monitoring of the coating process can be simplified. - The embodiment according to
FIG. 3 shows anactivation element 40, which comprises awire 41, in three different phases of movement. In a first position, which is represented at the top inFIG. 3 , thefastening devices 44 are in a neutral position, which is illustrated by thelines 200. Stretched between thefastening devices 44 is thewire 41, which provides the active surface of theactivation element 40. The spacing of the twofastening devices 44 is substantially constant, but in some embodiments it may be provided that the spacing is variable to a slight extent to compensate for thermal expansion. In this case, a device which ensures a constant mechanical stress of thewire 41, for example by means of at least one spring, may be integrated. - As already explained in conjunction with
FIG. 1 , twocontact elements 43 are provided, arranged substantially fixedly inside the recipient. In the case represented, onecontact element 43 comprises aroller 46, which is rotatably fastened on aroller mount 47. - The circumferential surface of the roller may incorporate a groove, in order to prevent the
wire 41 from running off theroller 46. A potential difference is applied to twocontact elements 46 by means of apower source 107. The circuit closes by way of thewire 41, so that the heated partial portion of theactivation element 40 comes to lie between the contact elements. - As can be seen in the middle representation of
FIG. 3 , thefastening devices 44 can be moved to the left from the neutral position along the direction ofmovement 49. This has the effect of displacing the heated, and consequently active, partial portion of the activation element. However, the overall length of the partial portion remains constant, so that simple control of the temperature or the power requirement is made possible. In this way, the harmful influence of the precursor on theactivation element 40 is distributed over a larger surface area or longitudinal portion of the activation element, so that the overall lifetime of the activation element is increased. In some embodiments of the invention, it may additionally be provided that a region that is damaged in the presence of the precursor at low temperatures is regenerated again by increasing the temperature when moving thecontact element 43 away, in that the undesired phases of theactivation element 40 undergo a renewed reaction. - As can be seen in the lower representation of
FIG. 3 , when an end position is reached, the direction of movement can be reversed, so that the fastening devices are moved to the right. This has the effect of displacing the heated, and consequently active, partial portion of the activation element. However, the overall length of the partial portion and the relative position thereof with respect to the recipient remain constant. After reaching the end position represented in the figure, the direction of movement can change once again, so that the positions represented inFIG. 3 are passed through cyclically. The movement may in this case take place continuously or discontinuously. - The embodiment according to
FIG. 4 shows anactivation element 40, which comprises awire 41, in three different phases of movement. In a first position, which is represented inFIG. 4 a, thefastening devices 44 are in a neutral position. Stretched between thefastening devices 44 is thewire 41, which provides the active surface of theactivation element 40. The spacing of the twofastening devices 44 is substantially constant, as explained in conjunction withFIG. 3 . - The
activation element 40 is led over fourcontact elements 43 or two pairs of contact elements, which are arranged substantially fixedly within the recipient. In the case represented, onecontact element 43 comprises aroller 46, which is rotatably mounted. The circumferential surface of the roller may incorporate a groove, in order to prevent thewire 41 from running off theroller 46. A potential difference is respectively applied to twocontact elements 43 by means of a power source (not represented), so that a predeterminable electrical power is deposited in each partial portion between twocontact elements 43. The circuit closes by way of thewire 41, so that the heated partial portion of theactivation element 40 comes to lie between the contact elements. Between the respectivelyoutermost contact element 43 and thefastening device 44 there is an unheated partial portion. - As can be seen in
FIG. 4 b, thefastening devices 44 can be moved to the left from the neutral position along the direction ofmovement 49. This has the effect of displacing the heated, and consequently active, partial portion of the activation element. However, the overall length of the partial portion remains constant, so that simple control of the temperature or the power requirement is made possible. Similarly, the position of the partial portion and consequently the position of theactive zone 50 within the recipient remain constant. Nevertheless, the harmful influence of the precursor on theactivation element 40 is distributed over a larger surface area or longitudinal portion of the activation element, so that the overall lifetime of the activation element is increased. In some embodiments of the invention, it may additionally be provided that a region that is damaged in the presence of the precursor at low temperatures is regenerated again by increasing the temperature when moving thecontact element 43 away, in that the undesired phases of theactivation element 40 undergo a renewed reaction. - As can be seen in
FIG. 4 c, when an end position is reached, the direction of movement can be reversed, so that thefastening devices 44 are moved to the right. This has the effect of displacing the heated, and consequently active, partial portion of the activation element. However, the overall length of the partial portion and the relative position thereof with respect to the recipient remain constant. After reaching the end position represented in the figure, the direction of movement can change once again, so that the positions represented inFIGS. 4 a to 4 c are passed through cyclically. The movement may in this case take place continuously or discontinuously. - In some embodiments, the overall length of the activation element is intended to be arranged within the recipient and to run in a substantially stretched-out manner. This allows the overall available length to be used cyclically for the activation of the vapor phase, without the
wire 41 having to be wound up in a reservoir or unwound from a reservoir. The reliability of the device can be increased as a result. - It goes without saying that the features represented in
FIGS. 1 to 4 may also be combined in order in this way to obtain further embodiments of the activation element according to the invention or of the proposed coating device. Therefore, the above description should not be regarded as restrictive, but as explanatory. The claims which follow should be understood as meaning that a feature which is mentioned is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. Wherever the claims define “first” and “second” features, this designation serves for distinguishing between two identical features, without giving them any priority.
Claims (22)
1.-16. (canceled)
17. A coating device, comprising at least one recipient, which can be evacuated and which is adapted to receive a substrate, at least one gas supply device, being adapted to introduce at least one gaseous precursor into the recipient, and at least one heatable activation element, which has a predeterminable longitudinal extent and is fastened by means of at least one dedicated mechanical fastening device, wherein an electrical current can be supplied to the activation element by means of at least two contact elements, the contact elements being fastened nearly immovably in relation to the recipient and the activation element being arranged movably in relation to the recipient.
18. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein the longitudinal extent of the activation element is arranged completely inside the recipient.
19. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein the activation element comprises at least one wire.
20. The coating device according to claims 17 , wherein the contact element comprises at least one roller, which is provided for being in contact with the activation element.
21. The coating device according to claim 19 , wherein the wire is led repeatedly through the active zone.
22. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein a plurality of contact elements to which a predeterminable electrical potential difference can be respectively applied are arranged along the longitudinal extent of the activation element.
23. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein the mechanical fastening device is electrically insulated.
24. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein the activation element can be moved in relation to the recipient by a translatory movement of the mechanical fastening device.
25. The coating device according to claim 17 , wherein the activation element can be moved inside the recipient by a rotation of the mechanical fastening device.
26. A coating device, comprising at least one recipient, which can be evacuated and which is adapted to receive a substrate, at least one gas supply device, being adapted to introduce at least one gaseous precursor into the recipient, and at least one heatable activation element, which has a predeterminable longitudinal extent and is fastened by means of at least one dedicated mechanical fastening device, wherein an electrical current is supplyable to the activation element by means of at least two contact elements, the contact elements being fastened nearly immovably in relation to the recipient and the activation element being arranged movably in relation to the recipient, wherein the movement of the activation element is induced by a movement of the mechanical fastening device.
27. The coating device according to claim 26 , wherein the activation element comprises at least one wire.
28. The coating device according to claims 26 , wherein the contact element comprises at least one roller, which is provided for being in contact with the activation element.
29. The coating device according to claim 27 , wherein a plurality of contact elements are arranged along the longitudinal extent of the activation element, said contact elements being adapted to be supplied by a respective electrical potential difference.
30. The coating device according to claim 26 , wherein the activation element is movable in relation to the recipient by a translatory movement of the mechanical fastening device and/or the activation element is movable inside the recipient by a rotation of the mechanical fastening device.
31. A method for producing a coating on a substrate, wherein the substrate is introduced into a recipient which can be evacuated and at least one gaseous precursor is introduced into the recipient by way of at least one gas supply device and is activated by means of at least one electrically heated activation element, wherein an electrical current is supplied to the activation element by means of at least two contact elements, wherein at least one of the contact elements is arranged nearly fixedly in the recipient and the activation element is moved in relation to the recipient.
32. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the movement is performed in an oscillating manner.
33. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the activation element is moved in the recipient by a rotation of the mechanical fastening device.
34. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the activation element is moved in relation to the recipient by a translatory movement of the mechanical fastening device.
35. The method according to claim 31 , wherein the activation element comprises at least one wire.
36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein the wire repeatedly passes the active zone.
37. The process according to claim 31 , wherein a plurality of contact elements along the longitudinal extent of the activation element are in contact with the latter and a predeterminable electrical potential difference is applied to each contact element.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009023471A DE102009023471B4 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Coating plant and process |
DE102009023471.3 | 2009-06-02 | ||
PCT/EP2010/056719 WO2010139547A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-05-17 | Coating installation and coating method |
Publications (1)
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US20120114855A1 true US20120114855A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
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Family Applications (2)
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US13/375,971 Active 2032-06-20 US8986452B2 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-05-13 | Coating device and coating method |
US13/375,926 Abandoned US20120114855A1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-05-17 | Coating installation and coating method |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/375,971 Active 2032-06-20 US8986452B2 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2010-05-13 | Coating device and coating method |
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US (2) | US8986452B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2438206B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5540084B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR20120027300A (en) |
CN (2) | CN102459694B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009023471B4 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2010139543A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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US20110287192A1 (en) * | 2008-11-24 | 2011-11-24 | Cemecon Ag | Device and method for coating a substrate using cvd |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102009023471B4 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2012-08-30 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Coating plant and process |
KR20140023325A (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2014-02-26 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | Apparatus and method for coating using a hot wire |
JP6322131B2 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2018-05-09 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Silicon film forming method and film forming apparatus |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5540084B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
DE102009023471B4 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
EP2438207A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
JP2012528936A (en) | 2012-11-15 |
JP2012528937A (en) | 2012-11-15 |
KR20120014192A (en) | 2012-02-16 |
CN102803557A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
WO2010139547A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
DE102009023471A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
CN102459694A (en) | 2012-05-16 |
US20120100310A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
CN102459694B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
KR20120027300A (en) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2438206B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
EP2438206A1 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
WO2010139543A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
US8986452B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
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