US20120029105A1 - Method for creating a foamed mass system - Google Patents

Method for creating a foamed mass system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120029105A1
US20120029105A1 US13/203,903 US201013203903A US2012029105A1 US 20120029105 A1 US20120029105 A1 US 20120029105A1 US 201013203903 A US201013203903 A US 201013203903A US 2012029105 A1 US2012029105 A1 US 2012029105A1
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Prior art keywords
mass system
microballoons
temperature
adhesive
foamed
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Franziska Czerwonatis
Stephan Schönbom
Axel Burmeister
Volker Lass
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Tesa SE
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Tesa SE
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Publication of US20120029105A1 publication Critical patent/US20120029105A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/32—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof from compositions containing microballoons, e.g. syntactic foams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
    • B29C44/569—Shaping and joining components with different densities or hardness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09J133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/321—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining, e.g. a film or a support lining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0002—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped monomers or prepolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0076—Microcapsules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/0097—Glues or adhesives, e.g. hot melts or thermofusible adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/22—Expandable microspheres, e.g. Expancel®
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
    • C08J2207/02—Adhesive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C08J2333/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08J2333/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/412—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components presence of microspheres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing thermally crosslinked mass systems foamed with microballoons, more particularly self-adhesives, and also to foamed masses thus produced.
  • foamed mass systems are important. Foams are able, for example, to perform mechanical buffering, by absorbing kinetic energy, or else to compensate unevennesses, since they can easily deform.
  • foamed mass systems are being used increasingly in adhesives processing as well.
  • adhesive tape production more particularly in self-adhesive tape production, it is possible for both foamed carrier materials and/or foamed (self-)adhesives to be employed.
  • the adhesive tapes being capable, for example, of compensating unevennesses in the surfaces to be bonded.
  • EP 0 257 984 A1 discloses adhesive tapes which on at least one side have a foamed adhesive coating. Contained within this adhesive coating are polymer beads which in turn contain a fluid comprising hydrocarbons, and expand at elevated temperatures.
  • the scaffold polymers of the self-adhesives may consist of rubbers or polyacrylates.
  • the hollow microbeads here are added either before or after the polymerization.
  • the self-adhesives comprising microballoons are processed from solvent and shaped to form adhesive tapes.
  • the foaming step takes place consistently after coating. Accordingly, microrough surfaces are obtained. This results in properties such as, in particular, nondestructive redetachability and repositionability.
  • the effect of the better repositionability through microrough surfaces of microballoon-foamed self-adhesives is also described in other specifications such as DE 35 37 433 A1 or WO 95/31225 A1.
  • microrough surface is used in order to generate a bubble-free adhesive bond. This use is also disclosed by EP 0 693 097 A1 and WO 98/18878 A1.
  • DE 197 30 854 A1 therefore proposes a microballoon-foamed carrier layer which, for the purpose of preventing the loss of bond strength, proposes the use of unfoamed pressure-sensitive self-adhesives above and below a foamed core.
  • the carrier mixture is preferably prepared in an internal mixer typical for elastomer compounding.
  • the mixture here is adjusted in particular to a Mooney value ML 1+3 (100° C.) in the range from 10 to 80.
  • ML 1+3 100° C.
  • possible crosslinkers, accelerators, and the desired microballoons are added to the mixture. This second operation takes place preferably at temperatures less than 70° C. in a kneading apparatus, internal mixer, roll mixer or twin-screw extruder.
  • the mixture is subsequently calendered and/or extruded to the desired thickness on machines.
  • the carrier is then provided on both sides with a pressure-sensitive self-adhesive. This is followed by the steps of thermal foaming and, where appropriate, crosslinking.
  • microballoons may be expanded either before they are incorporated into the polymer matrix, or only after the polymer matrix has been shaped to form a carrier.
  • the casing of the microballoons has a thickness of only 0.02 ⁇ m. Accordingly, the proposed expansion of the microballoons prior to incorporation into the polymer matrix of the carrier material is disadvantageous, since in that case, as a result of the high forces during incorporation, many balloons will be destroyed and the degree of foaming, accordingly, will be reduced. Furthermore, partly damaged microballoons lead to fluctuations in thickness. A robust production operation is barely achievable. Preference is given, accordingly, to carrying out foaming after the web-form shaping in a thermal tunnel.
  • thermoplastic layers be provided between foamed carrier and self-adhesive.
  • EP 1 102 809 B1 proposes a process in which the microballoons undergo partial expansion prior to exit from a coating die and, if desired, are brought to complete expansion by means of a downstream step.
  • Microballoon-foamed (self-)adhesives or carrier layers are distinguished by a defined cell structure with a uniform distribution of foam cell sizes. They are closed-cell microfoams without cavities, as a result of which they are able to seal sensitive goods more effectively against dust and liquid media by comparison with open-cell versions.
  • such foams possess greater conformity than foams filled with unexpandable, nonpolymeric hollow microbeads (hollow glass beads). They are better suited to the compensation of manufacturing tolerances of the kind which are the rule, for example, with injection moldings, and on account of their foam character they are also better able to compensate thermal stresses.
  • the mechanical properties of the foam can be influenced further by the selection of the thermoplastic resin of the polymer shell.
  • the thermoplastic resin of the polymer shell it is possible to produce foams having a higher cohesive strength than with the polymer matrix alone, even when the density of the foam is lower than that of the matrix.
  • typical foam properties such as conformability to rough substrates can be combined with a high cohesive strength for PSA foams.
  • DE 21 05 877 C presents an adhesive tape composed of a carrier which is coated on at least one side with a microcellular pressure-sensitive adhesive and whose adhesive layer comprises a nucleating agent, the cells of the adhesive layer being closed and being distributed completely in the adhesive layer.
  • This adhesive tape has the ability to conform to the irregular surface to which it is applied, and hence may lead to a relatively durable adhesive bond, yet on the other hand exhibits only minimal recovery when compressed to half its original thickness.
  • the voids in the adhesive offer starting points for the entry of solvents and water into the glueline from the side, which is highly undesirable. Furthermore, it is impossible to rule out the complete penetration of solvents or water through the entire adhesive tape.
  • thermally sensitive materials or substances more particularly those which have a decomposition temperature or reaction temperature that lies below the expansion temperature of the microballoons, cannot be processed, since these substances would undergo decomposition during the expansion procedure or would react in an uncontrolled way during the expansion procedure.
  • the invention is achieved by means of a method in which the mass system is first foamed in a first step at a first temperature, and the thermally sensitive substances are added to the mass system in a following step at a second, lower temperature than the first temperature.
  • the mass system is advantageously foamed in a first step, more particularly through expansion of microballoons at the temperature necessary for that purpose, and the thermally sensitive substances are to be admixed only in a following method step at a lower temperature, thus more particularly a temperature which lies below the expansion temperature of the microballoons, especially advantageously at a temperature which is not critical for the thermally sensitive substances.
  • the first temperature, at which the mass system is foamed corresponds to or lies above the expansion temperature of the microballoons, and if the second temperature, at which the thermally sensitive substances are added to the mass system, lies below the expansion temperature of the microballoons.
  • the procedure according to the invention is also suitable for substances of great thermal sensitivity. If cooling to a lower temperature does not produce a temperature which is already not critical for the thermal substances, then the time from the addition of the thermally sensitive substances until the shaping of the mass system can be minimized, however, and so secondary reactions, decomposition of the thermally sensitive substances or other kinds of unwanted reactions of these substances can be reduced to a minimum. As a result of the method of the invention, it is possible to prevent the thermally sensitive substances being subjected to the method step of microballoon expansion and to the temperature conditions that are required for such expansion.
  • microballoon-foamed mass systems are good at withstanding processing after cooling in a system in which the mass is subject to shearing, more particularly in a mixing assembly.
  • the method of the invention opens up a route allowing foamed mass systems—that is, systems after the expansion of the microballoons as well—to be processed further.
  • additional thermally sensitive adjuvants, fillers or additives, such as fragrances or crosslinker components, for example, can be incorporated, without destroying the expanded microballoons present in the polymer matrix.
  • the choice of the crosslinking system can be made completely independently of the choice of the type of microballoon to be expanded, and vice versa.
  • Microballoons are elastic hollow spheres which have a thermoplastic polymer casing. These spheres are filled with low-boiling liquids or with liquefied gas. Casing materials used are, in particular, polyacrylonitrile, PVDC, PVC or polyacrylates. Suitable low-boiling liquids are, in particular, hydrocarbons of the lower alkanes, for example isobutane or isopentane, which are enclosed as liquefied gas under pressure in the polymer casing.
  • the exposing of the microballoons, more particularly their exposure to heat, has the effect on the one hand of softening the outer polymer casing.
  • the liquid propellant gas within the casing converts to its gaseous state.
  • the microballoons undergo irreversible extension and expand three-dimensionally. The expansion is at an end when the internal pressure and the external pressure compensate one another. Since the polymeric casing is retained, the result is a closed-cell foam.
  • microballoon A multiplicity of types of microballoon are available commercially, such as, for example, from the company Akzo Nobel, the Expancel DU products (dry unexpanded), which differ essentially in their size (6 to 45 ⁇ m in diameter in the unexpanded state) and in the initiation temperature they require for expansion (75 to 220° C.).
  • the type of microballoon or the foaming temperature has been harmonized with the temperature profile required for the compounding of the mass, and with the machine parameters, it is also possible for mass compounding and foaming to take place simultaneously in one step.
  • unexpanded microballoon products are also available in the form of an aqueous dispersion having a solids fraction or microballoon fraction of approximately 40% to 45% by weight, and also, furthermore, in the form of polymer-bound microballoons (masterbatches), for example in ethyl-vinyl acetate, with a microballoon concentration of approximately 65% by weight.
  • masterbatches polymer-bound microballoons
  • the masterbatches are suitable, like the DU products, for the foaming of adhesives in accordance with the method of the invention.
  • the mass system is with particular preference a polymeric system of a kind which can be used as an adhesive, especially advantageously as a self-adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • a suitable adhesive base for the implementation of the method of the invention is not critical. It may be selected from the group of thermoplastic elastomers constituting natural rubbers and synthetic rubbers, including block copolymers and blends thereof, or else from the group of the polyacrylate adhesives, as they are called.
  • Adhesives used may additionally be based on polyurethane, silicone rubbers and/or polyolefins.
  • the base for the rubber-based adhesives is advantageously a nonthermoplastic elastomer selected from the group of natural rubbers or synthetic rubbers, or it is composed of any desired blend of natural rubbers and/or synthetic rubbers, the natural rubber or rubbers being selectable in principle from all available grades such as, for example, crepe, RSS, ADS, TSR or CV products, depending on required purity and viscosity, and the synthetic rubber or synthetic rubbers being selectable from the group of randomly copolymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR), butadiene rubbers (BR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), butyl rubbers (IIR), halogenated butyl rubbers (XIIR), acrylate rubbers (ACM), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) and polyurethanes, and/or blends thereof.
  • SBR randomly copolymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers
  • BR butadiene rubbers
  • thermoplastic elastomers as a base for the adhesive.
  • SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene
  • SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene
  • the adhesive may also be selected from the group of polyacrylates.
  • the monomers have functional groups which are able to react in a thermal crosslinking reaction and/or which promote a thermal crosslinking reaction.
  • a polyacrylate which on the following reactant mixture, comprising, in particular, softening monomers, additionally monomers with functional groups capable of entering into reactions with the crosslinker substances or with some of the crosslinker substances, more particularly addition reactions and/or substitution reactions, and also, optionally, further copolymerizable comonomers, more particularly hardening monomers.
  • the nature of the polyacrylate to be prepared may be influenced in particular via a variation in the glass transition temperature of the polymer, through different weight fractions of the individual monomers.
  • Amorphous or partially crystalline systems are characterized by the transformation of the more or less hard amorphous or partially crystalline phase into a softer (rubberlike to viscous) phase.
  • thawing or “freezing” in the case of cooling
  • the transition from the melting point T m also “melting temperature”; really defined only for purely crystalline systems; “polymer crystals”
  • the glass transition point T g also “glass transition temperature”, “glass temperature”
  • glass temperature can therefore be considered to be a fluid transition, depending on the proportion of the partial crystallinity of the sample under analysis.
  • the reference for the purposes of this specification includes the melting point as well—in other words, the glass transition point (or else, synonymously, the glass transition temperature) is also understood to include the melting point for the corresponding “melting” systems.
  • the statements of the glass transition temperatures relate to the determination by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at low frequencies.
  • the quantitative composition of the monomer mixture is advantageously selected such that, in accordance with an equation (E1) in analogy to the Fox equation (cf. T. G. Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1 (1956) 123), the desired T g value for the polymer is produced.
  • n represents the serial number of the monomers used
  • W n represents the mass fraction of the respective monomer n (% by weight)
  • T g,n represents the respective glass transition temperature of the homopolymer of each of the monomers n, in K.
  • R I ⁇ H or CH 3 and R II is an alkyl radical having 4 to 14 C atoms
  • the fractions of the corresponding components (a), (b), and (c) are selected such that the polymerization product more particularly has a glass transition temperature ⁇ 15° C. (DMA at low frequencies).
  • the monomers of component (a) with a fraction from 45% to 99% by weight, the monomers of component (b) with a fraction from 1% to 15% by weight, and the monomers of component (c) with a fraction from 0% to 40% by weight (the figures are based on the monomer mixture for the “base polymer”, i.e., without additions of any additives to the completed polymer, such as resins etc.).
  • the fractions of the corresponding components (a), (b), and (c) are selected more particularly such that the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (T g ) of between 15° C. and 100° C., preferably between 30° C. and 80° C., more preferably between 40° C. and 60° C.
  • T g glass transition temperature
  • a viscoelastic material which, for example, may typically be laminated on both sides with pressure-sensitive adhesive layers, has a glass transition temperature (T g ) in particular of between ⁇ 50° C. to +100° C., preferably between ⁇ 20° C. to +60° C., more preferably 0° C. to 40° C.
  • T g glass transition temperature
  • the fractions of components (a), (b), and (c) should be selected accordingly.
  • the monomers of component (a) are, in particular, softening and/or apolar monomers.
  • acrylic monomers which comprise acrylic and methacrylic esters with alkyl groups consisting of 4 to 14 C atoms, preferably 4 to 9 C atoms.
  • Examples of monomers of this kind are n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-pentyl acrylate, n-pentyl methacrylate, n-amyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-nonyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, and their branched isomers, such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, for example.
  • the monomers of component (b) are, in particular, olefinically unsaturated monomers (b) having functional groups, in particular having functional groups which are able to enter into a reaction with the epoxide groups.
  • Preference for component (b) is given to using monomers having those functional groups which are selected from the following listing: hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups, acid anhydrides, epoxides, amines.
  • monomers of component (b) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, aconitic acid, dimethylacrylic acid, ⁇ -acryloyloxypropionic acid, trichloroacrylic acid, vinylacetic acid, vinylphosphonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, allyl alcohol, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate.
  • component (c) it is possible in principle to use all compounds with vinylic functionalization which are copolymerizable with component (a) and/or component (b), and which may also serve to adjust the properties of the resultant PSA.
  • Monomers named by way of example for component (c) are as follows: methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, phenyl methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, t-butylphenyl acrylate, t-butylphenyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, n-undecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, behenyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate,
  • vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl halides, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene halides, vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, N-vinylphthalimide, N-vinyllactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, styrene, a- and p-methylstyrene, a-butylstyrene, 4-n-butylstyrene, 4-n-decylstyrene, 3,4-dimethoxystyrene, macromonomers such as 2-polystyrene-ethyl methacrylate (molecular weight Mw from 4000 to 13 000 g/mol), poly(methyl methacrylate)-ethyl methacrylate (Mw from 2000 to 8000
  • Monomers of component (c) may advantageously also be selected such that they contain functional groups which support subsequent radiation crosslinking (by electron beams, UV, for example).
  • Suitable copolymerizable photoinitiators are, for example, benzoin acrylate and acrylate-functionalized benzophenone derivatives.
  • Monomers which support crosslinking by electron irradiation are, for example, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, N-tert-butylacrylamide, and allyl acrylate, this enumeration not being conclusive.
  • the mass system may further be selected such that it may be used as a carrier layer—more particularly for an adhesive tape.
  • a carrier layer of this kind need not necessarily have adhesive or self-adhesive properties (though of course it may do so).
  • tackifying resins it is possible without exception to use all tackifier resins already known and described in the literature. Representatives that may be stated are the rosins, their disproportionated, hydrogenated, polymerized, and esterified derivatives and salts, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon resins, terpene resins and terpene-phenolic resins. Any desired combinations of these and additional resins may be used in order to adjust the properties of the resultant adhesive in accordance with requirements.
  • plasticizers it is possible to use all of the plasticizing substances known from adhesive tape technology. These include, among others, the paraffinic and naphthenic oils, (functionalized) oligomers such as oligobutadienes, oligoisoprenes, liquid nitrile rubbers, liquid terpene resins, vegetable and animal oils and fats, phthalates, functionalized acrylates, low molecular mass polyacrylates, water-soluble plasticizers, plasticizing resins, phosphates, polyphosphates, and citrates.
  • the paraffinic and naphthenic oils such as oligobutadienes, oligoisoprenes, liquid nitrile rubbers, liquid terpene resins, vegetable and animal oils and fats, phthalates, functionalized acrylates, low molecular mass polyacrylates, water-soluble plasticizers, plasticizing resins, phosphates, polyphosphates, and citrates.
  • powder- and granule-form fillers, dyes, and pigments including, in particular, abrasive and reinforcing types, such as, for example chalks (CaCO 3 ), titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, and carbon blacks.
  • abrasive and reinforcing types such as, for example chalks (CaCO 3 ), titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, and carbon blacks.
  • low-flammability fillers such as, for example, ammonium polyphosphate, and also electrically conductive fillers (such as, for example, conductive carbon black, carbon fibers and/or silver-coated beads), and also thermally conductive materials (such as, for example, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide), and also ferromagnetic additives (such as, for example, iron(III) oxides), and also additives for volume increase, especially for producing foamed layers (such as, for example, expandants, solid glass beads, hollow glass beads, microbeads made of other materials, silica, silicates, organically renewable raw materials, for example sawdust, organic and/or inorganic nanoparticles, fibers), and also aging inhibitors, light stabilizers, ozone protectants, compounding agents and/or expandants, to be added or compounded in.
  • electrically conductive fillers such as, for example, conductive carbon black, carbon fibers and/or silver-coated beads
  • aging inhibitors it is possible with preference for primary aging inhibitors, e.g., 4-methoxyphenol, and secondary aging inhibitors, e.g., Irgafos® TNPP from Ciba Geigy, to be used, either alone or in combination with one another. Reference is to be made only at this point here to further corresponding Irganox® products from Ciba Geigy and Hostano® from Clariant.
  • phenothiazine C-radical scavenger
  • hydroquinone methyl ether hydroquinone methyl ether
  • Thermally sensitive substances may be, for example, crosslinker substances and/or crosslinker accelerator substances that are to be used for thermal crosslinking of the mass system (the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive). At the temperatures of the kind needed for expansion of the microballoons, such substances would already result in an uncontrollable crosslinking reaction (“gelling”) in the mixing assembly—depending on the degree of uncontrollable crosslinking, such reaction may lead to sporadic aggregation or even complete caking.
  • gelling uncontrollable crosslinking reaction
  • Thermally sensitive substances may also, for example, be colorants or fragrances, especially those which at elevated temperatures undergo decomposition or otherwise lose their coloring or fragrancing properties, respectively.
  • the crosslinker system may be composed of thermally sensitive and thermally insensitive components; for example, the crosslinkers themselves may be thermally insensitive, but the crosslinker accelerators may be thermally sensitive, or vice versa.
  • thermally induced chemical crosslinking in the method according to the invention, for all existing thermally activatable chemical crosslinkers such as accelerated sulfur systems or sulfur donor systems, isocyanate systems, reactive melamine resins, formaldehyde resins and (optionally halogenated) phenol-formaldehyde resins and/or reactive phenolic-resin or diisocyanate crosslinking systems, with the corresponding activators, or epoxidized polyester resins and acrylate resins, and also combinations thereof, to be employed.
  • thermally activatable chemical crosslinkers such as accelerated sulfur systems or sulfur donor systems, isocyanate systems, reactive melamine resins, formaldehyde resins and (optionally halogenated) phenol-formaldehyde resins and/or reactive
  • crosslinkers are advantageously crosslinkers which are activatable at temperatures above 50° C., more particularly at temperatures of 100° C. to 160° C., very preferably at temperatures of 110° C. to 140° C.
  • the thermal excitation of the crosslinkers may take place, for example, by in-process heat (active heating, heat of shearing), IR radiation or high-energy alternating fields.
  • the added thermal crosslinker is an isocyanate, preferably a trimerized isocyanate.
  • the trimerized isocyanates are aliphatic isocyanates and/or isocyanates that are deactivated with amines.
  • suitable isocyanates include trimerized derivatives of MDI [4,4-methylenedi(phenyl isocyanate)], HDI [1,6-hexylene diisocyanate] and/or IPDI [isophorone diisocyanate, 5-isocyanato-1-isocyanatomethyl-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane] and also—especially trimerized—polyisocyanates and/or polyfunctional isocyanates and/or polyfunctional polyisocyanates.
  • crosslinker-accelerator system for the thermal crosslinking particularly of polyacrylates, comprising at least one substance containing epoxide groups—as crosslinker—and at least one substance (“accelerator”) which has an accelerating effect on the linking reaction at a temperature below the melting temperature of the polyacrylate, more particularly at room temperature; polyfunctional amines especially.
  • the crosslinker-accelerator system is used in particular in the presence of functional groups in the building blocks of the mass that are able to enter into a linking reaction with epoxide groups, particularly in the form of an addition or substitution reaction.
  • carrier material for the single-sided or double-sided adhesive tape it is possible to use all known textile carriers such as a loop product or a velour, scrim, woven fabric or knitted fabric, more particularly a woven PET filament fabric or a woven polyamide fabric, or a nonwoven web; the term “web” embraces at least textile fabrics according to EN 29092 (1988) and also stitchbonded nonwovens and similar systems.
  • Spacer fabrics are matlike layer structures having a cover layer composed of a fiber or filament fleece, an underlayer, and individual retaining fibers or bundles of such fibers between these layers, the said fibers being distributed over the area of the layer structure, being needled through the particle layer, and joining the cover layer and the underlayer to one another.
  • the retaining fibers that are needled through the particle layer hold the cover layer and the underlayer at a distance from one another and are joined to the cover layer and the underlayer.
  • Suitable nonwovens include, in particular, consolidated staple fiber webs, but also filament webs, meltblown webs and spunbonded webs, which generally require additional consolidation.
  • Known, possible consolidation methods for webs are mechanical, thermal and chemical consolidation. Whereas with mechanical consolidations the fibers are held together purely mechanically, usually by entanglement of the individual fibers, by the interleafing of fiber bundles or by the stitching-in of additional threads, it is possible by thermal and by chemical techniques to obtain adhesive (with binder) or cohesive (binderless) fiber-fiber bonds. Given appropriate formulation and an appropriate process regime, these bonds may be restricted exclusively, or at least predominantly, to the fiber nodal points, so that a stable, three-dimensional network is formed while retaining the loose, open structure in the web.
  • Webs which have proved to be particularly advantageous are those consolidated more particularly by overstitching with separate threads or by interlooping.
  • Consolidated webs of this kind are produced, for example, on stitchbonding machines of the “Malifleece” type from the company Karl Mayer, formerly Malimo, and can be obtained from companies including Naue Fasertechnik and Techtex GmbH.
  • a Malifleece is characterized in that a cross-laid web is consolidated by the formation of loops from fibers of the web.
  • the carrier used may also be a web of the Kunit or Multiknit type.
  • a Kunit web is characterized in that it originates from the processing of a longitudinally oriented fiber web to produce a fabric which has loops on one side and on the other has loop feeds or pile fiber folds, but possesses neither threads nor prefabricated fabrics.
  • a web of this kind as well has been produced for a relatively long time on, for example, stitchbonding machines of the “Kunitvlies” type from the company Karl Mayer.
  • a further characterizing feature of this web is that, as a longitudinal fiber web, it is able to accommodate high tensile forces in the longitudinal direction.
  • the characteristic feature of a Multiknit web relative to the Kunit web is that the web is consolidated on both the top and bottom sides by virtue of the double-sided needle punching.
  • stitchbonded webs are also suitable as an intermediate for forming an adhesive tape of the invention.
  • a stitchbonded web is formed from a nonwoven material having a multiplicity of stitches extending parallel to one another. These stitches come about through the incorporation, by stitching or knitting, of continuous textile threads.
  • stitchbonding machines of the “Maliwatt” type are known from the company Karl Mayer, formerly Malimo.
  • the Caliweb® consists of a thermally fixed Multiknit spacer web with two outer mesh layers and an inner pile layer which is disposed perpendicular to the mesh layers.
  • a staple fiber web which is mechanically preconsolidated in the first step or is a wet-lay web laid hydrodynamically, in which between 2% and 50% of the web fibers are fusible fibers, more particularly between 5% and 40% of the fibers of the web.
  • a web of this kind is characterized in that the fibers are laid wet or, for example, a staple fiber web is preconsolidated by the formation of loops from fibers of the web or by needling, stitching or air-jet and/or water-jet treatment.
  • thermofixing takes place, with the strength of the web being increased again by the melting-on or partial melting of the fusible fibers.
  • the web carrier may also be consolidated without binders, by means, for example, of hot embossing with structured rollers, in which case pressure, temperature, dwell time and the embossing geometry can be used to control properties such as strength, thickness, density, flexibility and the like.
  • Starting materials envisaged for the textile carriers include, more particularly, polyester fibers, polypropylene fibers, viscose fibers or cotton fibers.
  • the present invention is not restricted to the materials stated; instead it is possible to use a multiplicity of other fibers to produce the web, this being evident to the skilled person without any need for inventive activity.
  • Use is made more particularly of wear-resistant polymers such as polyesters, polyolefins or polyamides or fibers of glass or of carbon.
  • carrier material are carriers made of paper (creped and/or uncreped), of a laminate, of a film (for example polyethylene, polypropylene or monoaxially or biaxially oriented polypropylene films, polyester, PA, PVC and other films) or of foam materials in web form (made of polyethylene and polyurethane, for example).
  • a film for example polyethylene, polypropylene or monoaxially or biaxially oriented polypropylene films, polyester, PA, PVC and other films
  • foam materials in web form made of polyethylene and polyurethane, for example.
  • the weblike carrier material may be a double-sidedly anti-adhesively coated material such as a release paper or a release film, also called a liner.
  • microballoons into the mass system may be accomplished in particular by mixing the microballoons with the other constituents needed to form the mass system (these are, more particularly, the polymers and, optionally, resins and/or fillers). Alternatively the microballoons can be added to the already melted mass system.
  • Suitable mixing assemblies include, in particular, continuously operating mixing assemblies, such as a planetary roller extruder, for example.
  • the components for producing the mass system can be introduced and, in particular, melted.
  • pre-prepared, solvent-free mass into the slurrying assembly, more particularly the planetary roller extruder, by means of injection, through conveying extruders, such as single-screw extruders, for example, or through a drum melt, and to meter the microballoons into this initially introduced system in the intake zone of the planetary roller extruder.
  • Microballoon foamed masses do not in general need to be degassed prior to coating, in order to obtain a uniform, continuous coating pattern.
  • the expanded microballoons displace the air included in the adhesive in the course of compounding.
  • Degassing is ideally accomplished immediately ahead of the roll applicator, at mixing temperature and under a pressure difference from ambient pressure of at least 200 mbar.
  • the blended mass system may be shaped in particular to form a layer, and with particular advantage this step takes place in a roll applicator.
  • foamed bodies of different forms may also be shaped.
  • the mass system is a (self-)adhesive
  • the mass system, foamed and provided with thermally sensitive substances, is thermally crosslinked in an advantageous procedure; especially when the thermally sensitives are thermal crosslinkers and/or accelerators or constitute a thermal crosslinker system or comprise the aforesaid components.
  • Thermal crosslinking may advantageously, in particular, take place after the operation of shaping to form the layer, more particularly on a carrier or release material.
  • a first very advantageous procedure is characterized by a method sequence (cf. also FIG. 1 ) in which
  • the cooling of the mass system to a temperature below the expansion temperature of the microballoons takes place in this case during the transfer of the mass system to the second mixing assembly and/or following its transfer to the second mixing assembly. Accordingly, the addition of the sensitive substances takes place during and/or after the cooling of the mass system, more particularly after its cooling.
  • a further very advantageous procedure is characterized by a method sequence (cf. also FIG. 2 ) in which
  • the cooling of the mass system to a temperature below the expansion temperature of the microballoons takes place in this case during the transfer of the mass system to the second mixing zone and/or after its transfer to the second mixing zone. Accordingly, the addition of the sensitive substances takes place during and/or after the cooling of the mass system, more particularly after its cooling.
  • FIG. 1 shows the method with two mixing assemblies, the expansion of the microballoons taking place in the first mixing assembly followed by addition of thermally sensitive additives or fillers in the second mixing assembly
  • FIG. 2 shows the method with one mixing assembly, the expansion of the microballoons and the addition of thermally sensitive additives or fillers taking place in one mixing assembly.
  • FIG. 1 shows one particularly advantageously embodied method for producing a foamed mass system.
  • the reactants E which are intended to form the mass system to be foamed, and the microballoons MB, are fed to a continuous mixing assembly, such as a planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 , for example.
  • a continuous mixing assembly such as a planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 , for example.
  • pre-prepared solvent-free mass K into the planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 by means of injection 23 through conveying extruders, such as a single-screw extruder (ESE) 1 , for example, or through a drum melt 5 , and to meter in the microballoons MB in the intake zone of the PWE 2 .
  • conveying extruders such as a single-screw extruder (ESE) 1 , for example, or through a drum melt 5 , and to meter in the microballoons MB in the intake zone of the PWE 2 .
  • microballoons MB are then mixed with the solvent-free mass K or with the reactants E to form a homogeneous mass system in the PWE 2 , and this mixture is heated, in the first heating and mixing zone 21 of the PWE 2 , to the temperature necessary for the expansion of the microballoons.
  • additives or fillers 25 such as crosslinking promoters, for example, may be added to the mass system S comprising expanded microballoons.
  • the injection ring 24 and the second heating and mixing zone 22 are preferably cooled.
  • the foamed mass system is subsequently transferred to a further continuous mixing assembly, such as a twin-screw extruder (DSE) 3 , for example, and can then be blended with further fillers or additives, such as crosslinking components, such as catalysts, for example, at moderate temperatures, without destroying the expanded microballoons MB.
  • DSE twin-screw extruder
  • the microballoons MB break through the surface of the mass at the die exit of DSE 3 , as they also did before at the die exit of PWE 2 .
  • this foamlike mass S is calendered and coated onto a web-form carrier material 44 such as release paper, for example; in some cases there may also be subsequent foaming in the roll nip.
  • the roll applicator 4 is composed of a doctor blade roll 41 and a coating roll 42 .
  • the release paper 44 is guided to the latter roll via a pick-up roll 43 , and so the release paper 44 takes the foamed mass S from the coating roll 42 .
  • the expanded microballoons MB are pressed again into the polymer matrix of the foamed mass S, thereby producing a smooth and, in the case of the foaming of self-adhesives, a permanently (irreversibly) adhesive surface, with very low densities of up to 150 kg/m 3 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a further particularly advantageously embodied method for producing a foamed mass system.
  • the reactants E and the microballoons MB which are intended to form the mass system to be foamed, are fed to a continuous mixing assembly, such as a planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 , for example.
  • a continuous mixing assembly such as a planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 , for example.
  • pre-prepared solvent-free mass K into the planetary roller extruder (PWE) 2 by means of injection 23 through conveying extruders, such as a single-screw extruder (ESE) 1 , for example, or through a drum melt 5 , and to meter in the microballoons MB in the intake zone of the PWE 2 .
  • conveying extruders such as a single-screw extruder (ESE) 1 , for example, or through a drum melt 5 , and to meter in the microballoons MB in the intake zone of the PWE 2 .
  • microballoons MB are then mixed with the solvent-free mass K or with the reactants E to form a homogeneous mass system in the PWE 2 , and this mixture is heated, in the first heating and mixing zone 21 of the PWE 2 , to the temperature necessary for the expansion of the microballoons.
  • additives or fillers 25 such as crosslinking promoters, for example, may be added to the mass system S comprising expanded microballoons.
  • the injection ring 24 and the second heating and mixing zone 22 are cooled.
  • the expanded microballoons MB break through the surface of the mass at the die exit of the PWE 2 .
  • this foamlike mass S is calendered and coated onto a web-form carrier material 44 such as release paper, for example; in some cases there may also be subsequent foaming in the roll nip.
  • the roll applicator 4 is composed of a doctor blade roll 41 and a coating roll 42 .
  • the release paper 44 is guided to the latter roll via a pick-up roll 43 , and so the release paper 44 takes the foamed mass S from the coating roll 42 .
  • the expanded microballoons MB are pressed again into the polymer matrix of the foamed mass S, thereby producing a smooth and, in the case of the foaming of self-adhesives, a permanently (irreversibly) adhesive surface, with very low densities of up to 150 kg/m 3 .
  • the invention also provides an adhesive, more particularly self-adhesive, obtained by the method of the invention.
  • the invention more particularly provides a thermally crosslinked, microballoon-foamed adhesive, more particularly self-adhesive.
  • foamed adhesives lies on the one hand in cost reduction.
  • a saving can be made on raw materials, since coat weights can be reduced by a multiple for given layer thicknesses.
  • the coating speeds can be increased.
  • thermal crosslinking is that it produces an adhesive which has no crosslinking profile—in particular, therefore, in the case of layers of adhesive, no crosslinking profile through the layer.
  • crosslinking by actinic radiation such a profile is always formed to a greater or lesser extent, owing to the limited depth of penetration of the radiation, and all the more so in the case of thick layers, for which foamed systems are frequently employed.
  • the foaming of the adhesive produces improved technical adhesive properties and performance properties.
  • the reduction of the drop in bond strength is favored by the high surface quality generated as a result of the pressing of the expanded microballoons back into the polymer matrix during the coating operation.
  • the foamed self-adhesive gains additional performance features, such as, for example, improved impact resistance at low temperatures, enhanced bond strength on rough substrates, greater damping and/or sealing properties and conformability of the foam adhesive on uneven substrates, more favorable compression/hardness characteristics, and improved compressibility.
  • a foamed adhesive from the preferred hotmelt adhesive has a smooth, adhering surface, since, during coating, in the roll nip, the expanded microballoons are subsequently pressed back into the polymer matrix, and the adhesive, accordingly, has a preferred surface roughness R a of less than 10 ⁇ m. Determination of surface roughness is appropriate only for adhesive tapes which are based on a very smooth carrier and themselves have a surface roughness R a of only less than 1 ⁇ m. In the case of carriers that are relevant in practice, such as creped papers or nonwovens and woven fabrics, for example, having a greater surface roughness, the determination of the surface roughness of the product is not suitable, accordingly, for describing the advantages of the method.
  • the fraction of the microballoons in the adhesive is between greater than 0% by weight and 30% by weight, more particularly between 0.5% by weight and 10% by weight.
  • the microballoons at 25° C. have a diameter of 3 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, more particularly 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and/or after temperature exposure have a diameter of 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more particularly 40 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive develops a rough surface which has little or no adhesion.
  • the ratio of the weight per unit volume of the adhesive foamed by the microballoons to the weight per unit volume of the adhesive of identical basis weight and formula, defoamed through the destruction of the cavities formed by the expanded microballoons is preferably less than 0.9.
  • both adhesive coatings may be in accordance with the invention.
  • An alternative provision is for only one of the two coatings to be in accordance with the invention, while the second can be selected arbitrarily (adapted to the tasks to be fulfilled by the adhesive tape).
  • carrier material it is preferred to use a film, woven fabric or paper, to which the (self-)adhesive is applied on one side.
  • the (self-)adhesive is applied to a release paper or release film, producing a carrier-less adhesive tape, also referred to for short as a tab.
  • the thickness of the adhesive in an adhesive tape on the web-formed carrier material may be between 20 ⁇ m and 3000 ⁇ m, preferably between 40 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive may be applied in a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 3000 ⁇ m to a release material, if the layer of adhesive, more particularly after crosslinking, is to be used as a carrierless, double-sided self-adhesive tape.
  • the PRIMOS system consists of an illumination unit and a recording unit.
  • the illumination unit projects lines onto the surface. These projected parallel lines are diverted or modulated by the surface structure.
  • the modulated lines are recorded using a CCD camera arranged at a defined angle, referred to as the triangulation angle.
  • Measuring instruments of this kind can be purchased from companies including GFMesstechnik GmbH at Teltow.
  • the peel strength (bond strength) was tested in a method based on PSTC-1.
  • a strip of the (self-)adhesive tape under investigation is adhered in a defined width (standard: 20 mm) to a ground steel plate or to another desired adhesion/test substrate such as, for example, polyethylene or polycarbonate, etc., by rolling over it ten times using a 5 kg steel roller.
  • Double-sided adhesive tapes are reinforced on the reverse side with an unplasticized PVC film 36 ⁇ m thick.
  • the plate is clamped into the testing instrument, the adhesive strip is peeled from its free end on a tensile testing machine at a peel angle of 180° and at a speed of 300 mm/min, and the force needed to accomplish this is measured.
  • the results are reported in N/cm and are averaged over three measurements. All measurements are conducted in a controlled-climate room at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity.
  • An adhesive tape is applied to a defined, rigid adhesion substrate (in this case steel) and subjected to a constant shearing load. The holding time in minutes is measured.
  • a suitable plate suspension system (angle 179 ⁇ 1°) ensures that the adhesive tape does not peel from the bottom edge of the plate.
  • the test is intended primarily to yield information on the cohesiveness of the composition. This is only the case, however, when the weight and temperature parameters are chosen such that cohesive failure does in fact occur during the test.
  • test provides information on the adhesion to the substrate or on a combination of adhesion and cohesiveness of the composition.
  • a strip, 13 mm wide, of the adhesive tape under test is adhered to a polished steel plaque (test substrate) over a length of 5 cm by rolling over it ten times using a 2 kg roller.
  • Double-sided adhesive tapes are lined on the reverse side with a 50 ⁇ m aluminum foil and thus reinforced.
  • a belt loop is mounted on the bottom end of the adhesive tape.
  • a nut and bolt is then used to fasten an adapter plaque to the facing side of the shear test plate, in order to ensure the specified angle of 179 ⁇ 1°.
  • the time for development of strength, between roller application and loading, should be between 10 and 15 minutes.
  • the weights are subsequently hung on smoothly using the belt loop.
  • An automatic clock counter determines the point in time at which the test specimens shear off.
  • the principle of the measurement is based on the displacement of the liquid located within the pycnometer. First, the empty pycnometer or the pycnometer filled with liquid is weighed, and then the body to be measured is placed into the vessel.
  • the density of the body is calculated from the differences in weight:
  • ⁇ F ( m 2 - m 0 ) ( m 1 - m 0 ) - ( m 3 - m 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ W
  • the weight per unit volume or density of a coated self-adhesive is determined via the ratio of the basis weight to the respective film thickness:
  • MA coatweight/basis weight (excluding liner weight) in [kg/m 2 ]
  • d film thickness (excluding liner thickness) in [m]
  • Comparative examples 1.1. and 1.2. below show the advantages of the foaming of a self-adhesive by the inventive hotmelt method as opposed to foaming from solvent.
  • hotmelt is equated with the term “hotmelt process”, as a method according to the invention.
  • Aerosil R 202 Fumed silica, hydrophobized Evonik n-Butyl acrylate Acrylic acid n-butyl ester Rohm & Haas Acrylic acid, pure Acrylic acid BASF N-tert-Butylacrylamide N-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-2- Linz Chemie propenamide 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Brenntag Bisomer HEMA 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate IMCDtechnik Methyl acrylate Acrylic acid, methyl ester BASF Maleic anhydride 2,5-Dihydro-2,5-furandione, Condea- MAA Huntsman Expancel 051 DU 40 ® Microballoons (MB) Expancel Nobel Industries
  • the above monomer mixtures (amounts in % by weight) are copolymerized in solution.
  • the polymerization batches consist of 60% by weight of the monomer mixtures and 40% by weight of solvents (such as benzine 60/95 and acetone).
  • the solutions are first freed from oxygen by flushing with nitrogen in customary reaction vessels made of glass or steel (with reflux condenser, stirrer, temperature measurement unit and gas inlet tube) and then heated to boiling.
  • Polymerization is initiated by addition of 0.2% to 0.4% by weight of a customary radical polymerization initiator such as dibenzene peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • a customary radical polymerization initiator such as dibenzene peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile.
  • Concentration is accomplished by lowering the pressure and/or raising the temperature.
  • the branched, thermoplastically processable, hydroxyl-functionalized polyurethane hotmelt prepolymer was prepared by homogeneously mixing and hence reacting the stated starting materials in the stated proportions:
  • the resulting prepolymer was solid at room temperature.
  • the complex viscosity ⁇ * at room temperature (23° C.) was 22 000 Pas and at 70° C. was 5500 Pas.
  • the weight-averaged average molecular weight M w was 125 000 g/mol; the number-averaged average molecular weight M N was 17 800 g/mol.
  • the temperature profiles and machine parameters are adapted to the mass system under preparation, such as the polymer matrix to be compounded, the crosslinking system, the microballoon type and/or further additives and fillers of any kind, and are given in detail in the examples.
  • Preparation takes place as described in the disclosure relating to FIG. 2 .
  • the temperature profiles and machine parameters are adapted to the mass system under preparation, such as the polymer matrix to be compounded, the crosslinking system, the microballoon type and/or further additives and fillers of any kind, and are given in detail in the examples.

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US13/203,903 2009-04-01 2010-03-18 Method for creating a foamed mass system Abandoned US20120029105A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US9200129B2 (en) 2010-12-08 2015-12-01 Tesa Se Process for preparing foamable polymer compositions, process for preparing foamed polymer compositions therefrom, foamed polymer compositions and adhesive tape therewith
US8618348B2 (en) 2011-09-28 2013-12-31 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. Dressings with a foamed adhesive layer
US9260632B2 (en) 2011-10-14 2016-02-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Primerless multilayer adhesive film for bonding glass substrates
US11267220B2 (en) 2012-11-23 2022-03-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer pressure-sensitive adhesive assembly
WO2014099332A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesive tape roll, its method of manufacture and its use for making weatherseal strips
EP2746356A1 (en) 2012-12-19 2014-06-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesive tape roll, its method of manufacture and its use for making weatherseal strips
EP2757135A1 (en) 2013-01-18 2014-07-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of bonding parts to a vehicle by an acrylic foam tape
US9845414B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2017-12-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Multilayer pressure sensitive adhesive assembly
US11518914B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2022-12-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Pressure sensitive adhesive assembly comprising filler material
US10106708B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2018-10-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Rubber-based pressure sensitive adhesive foam
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US8899318B1 (en) 2014-04-24 2014-12-02 Ronald C. Parsons Applying an aggregate to expandable tubular
US11332648B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2022-05-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Pressure sensitive adhesive assembly comprising thermoplastic filler material
US10501591B2 (en) 2014-07-17 2019-12-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Pressure sensitive adhesive assembly suitable for bonding to uneven substrates
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US10294396B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2019-05-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Post-curable rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive
US9944832B2 (en) 2015-05-12 2018-04-17 Tesa Se Pressure sensitive adhesive
US10561585B2 (en) * 2017-06-23 2020-02-18 Produits Dentaires Pierre Rolland Dental adhesive
US11905438B2 (en) 2018-06-22 2024-02-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Process of manufacturing a pressure sensitive adhesive having a low VOC characteristics
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US20170226308A1 (en) 2017-08-10
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WO2010112346A1 (de) 2010-10-07
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DE102009015233A1 (de) 2010-10-14
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EP2414143B1 (de) 2014-07-30
MX2011010037A (es) 2011-11-18
CN102369092B (zh) 2015-12-16
KR20150053828A (ko) 2015-05-19

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