US20120006040A1 - Air conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Air conditioning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120006040A1
US20120006040A1 US13/256,480 US201013256480A US2012006040A1 US 20120006040 A1 US20120006040 A1 US 20120006040A1 US 201013256480 A US201013256480 A US 201013256480A US 2012006040 A1 US2012006040 A1 US 2012006040A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
temperature
refrigerant
state quantity
air conditioning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/256,480
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English (en)
Inventor
Hidehiko Kinoshita
Tsuyoshi Yamada
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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Assigned to DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. reassignment DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KINOSHITA, HIDEHIKO, YAMADA, TSUYOSHI
Publication of US20120006040A1 publication Critical patent/US20120006040A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/008—Refrigerant heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0312—Pressure sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/01—Heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication No. 2000-97510
  • the air-warming capability is increased due to the refrigerant flowing into a refrigerant heating device and being heated by a gas burner.
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Publication No. 2000-97510
  • a technique is proposed in which the combustion rate of the gas burner is adjusted based on the detection value of a thermistor, in order to prevent the refrigerant temperature from rising too high and protective action from being taken too frequently during the air-warming operation.
  • the system for heating the refrigerant is an electromagnetic induction heating system
  • the aforementioned overshooting in particular is likely to be a problem because of the high heating rate.
  • the present invention was devised in view of the circumstances described above, and an object thereof is to provide an air conditioning apparatus capable of quickly ensuring performance at startup and keeping post-startup overshooting to a minimum.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is an air conditioning apparatus which uses a refrigeration cycle having a compression mechanism for circulating refrigerant, a refrigeration tube that makes thermal contact with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube and/or a heat-generating member that makes thermal contact with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube; the air conditioning apparatus comprising a magnetic field generator, a refrigerant state quantity detector, and a control part.
  • the magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field for induction-heating a portion to be heated by induction heating.
  • the refrigerant state quantity detector detects a state quantity relating to refrigerant flowing through a predetermined state quantity detected portion which is at least part of the refrigeration cycle.
  • the state quantity in this instance includes at least one of, e.g., the temperature and the pressure.
  • the control part performs startup magnetic field generation control and post-startup magnetic field generation control.
  • startup magnetic field generation control during startup involving performing an air-warming operation in the refrigeration cycle, the control part initiates a state in which the output of the magnetic field generator is a predetermined maximum output from the time the compression mechanism has assumed a drive state, and ends this state when the state quantity detected by the refrigerant state quantity detector reaches a first predetermined target state quantity.
  • the control part performs a state of applying a restriction that a first magnetic field limit reference value lower than the predetermined maximum output be an upper limit of the output of the magnetic field generator.
  • the phrase “when the refrigeration cycle is performing the air-warming operation” herein does not include operations such as a defrosting operation.
  • the heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit herein includes at least, e.g., electromagnetic induction heating of a heat-generating member in thermal contact with the refrigerant tube, electromagnetic induction heating of a heat-generating member in thermal contact with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant tube, and electromagnetic induction heating of a heat-generating member constituting at least part of the refrigerant tube.
  • the air conditioning apparatus by performing startup magnetic field generation control so that the output of the magnetic field generator during startup reaches a maximum, the time needed for warm air to be provided to the user after initiating the air-warming operation startup can be shortened. It is also possible to minimize control overshooting caused by the output of the magnetic field generator being raised too high during post-startup magnetic field generation control. It is thereby possible for control overshooting to be minimized, while the supply of warm air to the user is quickly started.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus of the first aspect, wherein the portion to be heated by induction heating includes a magnetic material.
  • the magnetic field generator since the magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field using the portion containing the magnetic material as a target, heat generation by electromagnetic induction can be performed efficiently.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the predetermined state quantity detection portion is a portion in which a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic field generator.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to any of the first through third aspects, wherein the state quantity detected by the refrigerant state quantity detector includes at least one of either the temperature or pressure relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • various sensors used in order to control the state of the refrigeration cycle can be used to perform the detections herein.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to any of the first through fourth aspects, wherein the refrigerant state quantity detector is a temperature detector for detecting a temperature relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • the control part performs post-startup magnetic field generation PI control for performing PI control of the value or frequency relating to the output of the magnetic field generator so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector is maintained at a target maintenance temperature.
  • the target maintenance temperature herein may be the same temperature as the first predetermined target temperature.
  • temperature changes caused by electromagnetic induction heating are commonly more sudden than temperature changes resulting from changes in the state of the refrigerant passing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion. Even when the temperature suddenly changes due to electromagnetic induction heating in this manner, the temperature detected by the temperature detector can be stabilized at the second predetermined target temperature by PI-controlling the size of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator and/or the frequency with which the magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to any of the first through fifth aspects, wherein the refrigerant state quantity detector is a temperature detector for detecting a temperature relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • the control part executes the startup magnetic field generation control after a magnetic field level increase condition has been fulfilled.
  • This magnetic field level increase condition is that there be a change in the detected temperature of the temperature detector or that the temperature detector detect a temperature change, due to a magnetic field level change process being performed for raising or lowering the level of the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator within a range below the predetermined maximum output.
  • the control part limits magnetic field generation to a level lower than the predetermined maximum output and does not perform magnetic field generation at a high level, and the reliability of the device can therefore be improved.
  • the magnetic field level increase condition has been fulfilled, it is possible to perceive that the portion to be heated by induction heating is generating heat due to the generation of a magnetic field by the magnetic field generator, the installed state of the temperature detector is satisfactory, and the temperature of the heating target portion of induction heating is successfully and accurately confirmed. It is thereby possible to suppress damage to the devices caused by abnormal temperature increases from electromagnetic induction heating, and to improve the reliability of the devices.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus of the sixth aspect, wherein a maximum magnetic field level outputted in the magnetic field level change process is a value less than the first magnetic field limit reference value.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to any of the first through seventh aspects, wherein the refrigerant state quantity detector is a temperature detector for detecting a temperature relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • the control part executes determining of the magnetic field level increase condition after a flow condition has been fulfilled.
  • the flow condition is that there be a change in the detected temperature of the temperature detector between a first compression mechanism state and a second compression mechanism state, when the compression mechanism is caused to realize two compression mechanism states of different compression mechanism outputs, one being the first compression mechanism state and the other being the second compression mechanism state having a higher output level than the first compression mechanism state.
  • a state in which the compression mechanism is stopped is included in the first compression mechanism state.
  • the air conditioning apparatus there is a risk of the flow of refrigerant being insufficient when the flow condition is not fulfilled, and there is a risk of causing an abnormal temperature increase even with a magnetic field generator output at the level for determining the magnetic field level increase condition.
  • a determination of the magnetic field level increase condition can be performed while maintaining the reliability of the devices.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus according to any of the first through eighth aspects, wherein the refrigerant state quantity detector is a temperature detector for detecting a temperature relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • the control part performs a defrosting operation output control for controlling the output of the magnetic field generator on the basis of the detected temperature of the temperature detector, the upper limit of the output of the magnetic field generator being the predetermined maximum output, when the refrigeration cycle executes a defrosting operation different from the air-warming operation after the post-startup magnetic field generation control has been initiated.
  • the defrosting process can be quickened.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus of the ninth aspect, wherein during the defrosting operation output control, the control part performs defrosting PI control in which PI control is performed so that the temperature detected by the temperature detector is maintained at a second predetermined target temperature that is lower than the first predetermined target temperature.
  • An air conditioning apparatus is the air conditioning apparatus of any of the first through tenth aspects, wherein the refrigerant state quantity detector is a temperature detector for detecting a temperature relating to the refrigerant flowing through the predetermined state quantity detection portion.
  • the air conditioning apparatus further comprises an elastic member for applying elastic force to the temperature detector. The temperature detector is pressed against the predetermined state quantity detection portion by the elastic force of the elastic member.
  • the responsiveness of the temperature detector can be improved. Thereby, control with improved responsiveness can be performed.
  • control overshooting can be kept to a minimum while the supply of warm air to the user is quickly initiated.
  • heat generation by electromagnetic induction can be performed efficiently.
  • control responsiveness can be improved.
  • various sensors used in order to control the state of the refrigeration cycle can be used to perform the detections herein.
  • the temperature detected by the temperature detector can be stabilized at the second predetermined target temperature.
  • the air conditioning apparatus it is possible to suppress damage to the devices caused by abnormal temperature increases from electromagnetic induction heating, and the reliability of the devices can be improved.
  • the air conditioning apparatus it is possible to prevent electromagnetic induction heating caused by a magnetic field at approximately the size of the first magnetic field limit reference value in stages in which the state of attachment of the temperature detector has not yet been confirmed to be satisfactory.
  • a determination of the magnetic field level increase condition can be performed while the reliability of the devices is preserved.
  • the defrosting process can be quickened.
  • control with improved responsiveness can be performed.
  • FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an external perspective view including the front side of an outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the internal arrangement and configuration of the outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 4 is an external perspective view including the rear side of the internal arrangement and configuration of the outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 5 is an overall front perspective view showing the internal structure of a machine chamber of the outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of the machine chamber of the outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a bottom plate and an outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view in which an air-blowing mechanism of the outdoor unit has been removed.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the arrangement relationship between the bottom plate of the outdoor unit and the hot gas bypass circuit.
  • FIG. 10 is an external perspective view of an electromagnetic induction heating unit.
  • FIG. 11 is an external perspective view showing a state in which a shielding cover has been removed from the electromagnetic induction heating unit.
  • FIG. 12 is an external perspective view of an electromagnetic induction thermistor.
  • FIG. 13 is an external perspective view of a fuse.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor and the fuse.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional structural view of the electromagnetic induction heating unit.
  • FIG. 16 is a view showing a time chart of electromagnetic induction heating control.
  • FIG. 17 is a view showing a flowchart of a flow condition judgment process.
  • FIG. 18 is a view showing a flowchart of a sensor-separation detection process.
  • FIG. 19 is a view showing a flowchart of a rapid pressure-increasing process.
  • FIG. 20 is a view showing a flowchart of a steady output process.
  • FIG. 21 is a view showing a flowchart of a defrosting process.
  • FIG. 22 is a view showing the attached position of an electromagnetic induction thermistor according to another embodiment (A).
  • FIG. 23 is an illustrative view of a refrigerant tube of another embodiment (F).
  • FIG. 24 is an illustrative view of a refrigerant tube of another embodiment (G).
  • FIG. 25 is a view showing an example of arranging coils and a refrigerant tube of another embodiment (H).
  • FIG. 26 is a view showing an example of arranging bobbin covers of another embodiment (H).
  • FIG. 27 is a view showing an example of arranging ferrite cases of another embodiment (H).
  • An air conditioning apparatus 1 comprising an electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 in one embodiment of the present invention is described in an example hereinbelow with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a refrigerant circuit diagram showing a refrigerant circuit 10 of the air conditioning apparatus 1 .
  • an outdoor unit 2 as a heat source-side apparatus and an indoor unit 4 as a usage-side apparatus are connected by refrigerant tubes, and air conditioning is performed in the space where the usage-side apparatus is located;
  • the air conditioning apparatus 1 comprising a compressor 21 , a four-way switching valve 22 , an outdoor heat exchanger 23 , an outdoor electric expansion valve 24 , an accumulator 25 , outdoor fans 26 , an indoor heat exchanger 41 , an indoor fan 42 , a hot gas bypass valve 27 , a capillary tube 28 , an electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , and other components.
  • the compressor 21 , the four-way switching valve 22 , the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 , the accumulator 25 , the outdoor fans 26 , the hot gas bypass valve 27 , the capillary tube 28 , and the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 are housed within the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the indoor heat exchanger 41 and the indoor fan 42 are housed within the indoor unit 4 .
  • the refrigerant circuit 10 has a discharge tube A, an indoor-side gas tube B, an indoor-side liquid tube C, an outdoor-side liquid tube D, an outdoor-side gas tube E, an accumulation tube F, an intake tube G, a hot gas bypass circuit H, a branched tube K, and a converging tube J.
  • Large quantities of gas-state refrigerant pass through the indoor-side gas tube B and the outdoor-side gas tube E, but the refrigerant passing through is not limited to a gas refrigerant.
  • Large quantities of liquid-state refrigerant pass through the indoor-side liquid tube C and the outdoor-side liquid tube D, but the refrigerant passing through is not limited to a liquid refrigerant.
  • the discharge tube A is connected with the compressor 21 and the four-way switching valve 22 .
  • the indoor-side gas tube B connects the four-way switching valve 22 and the indoor heat exchanger 41 .
  • a pressure sensor 29 a for sensing the pressure of the refrigerant passing through is provided at some point along the indoor-side gas tube B.
  • the indoor-side liquid tube C connects the indoor heat exchanger 41 and the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 .
  • the outdoor-side liquid tube D connects the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the outdoor-side gas tube E connects the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the four-way switching valve 22 .
  • the accumulation tube F connects the four-way switching valve 22 and the accumulator 25 , and extends in a vertical direction when the outdoor unit 2 has been installed.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is attached to a part of the accumulation tube F.
  • a heat-generating portion of the accumulation tube F whose periphery is covered at least by a coil 68 described hereinafter, is composed of a copper tube F 1 through which refrigerant flows and a magnetic tube F 2 provided so as to cover the periphery of the copper tube F 1 (see FIG. 15 ).
  • This magnetic tube F 2 is composed of SUS (stainless used steel) 430 .
  • This SUS 430 is a ferromagnetic material, which creates eddy currents when placed in a magnetic field and which generates heat by Joule heat created by its own electrical resistance.
  • the tubes constituting the refrigerant circuit 10 are composed of copper tubes, the same material as the copper tube F 1 .
  • the material of the tubes covering the peripheries of these copper tubes is not limited to SUS 430 ; it can be, for example, iron, copper, aluminum, chrome, nickel, other conductors, and alloys containing at least two or more metals selected from these listed.
  • the magnetic material include ferrite, martensite, or a combination thereof, but it is preferable to use a ferromagnetic substance which has a comparatively high electrical resistance and which has a higher Curie temperature than its service temperature range.
  • the accumulation tube F here requires more electricity, but may not comprise a magnetic substance and a material containing a magnetic substance, or may include a material that will be the target of induction heating.
  • the magnetic material may constitute the entire accumulation tube F, it may be formed only in the inside surface of the accumulation tube F, or it may be present due to being included in the material constituting the accumulation tube F, for example.
  • the accumulation tube F can be heated by electromagnetic induction, and the refrigerant drawn into the compressor 21 via the accumulator 25 can be warmed.
  • the warming capability of the air conditioning apparatus 1 can thereby be improved. Even in cases in which the compressor 21 is not sufficiently warmed at the startup of the air-warming operation, for example, the lack of capability at startup can be compensated for by the quick heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • the compressor 21 can quickly compress the warmed refrigerant due to the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 quickly heating the accumulation tube F.
  • the temperature of the hot gas discharged from the compressor 21 can be quickly increased.
  • the time required to thaw the frost through the defrosting operation can thereby be shortened.
  • the intake tube G connects the accumulator 25 and the intake side of the compressor 21 .
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H connects a branching point A 1 provided at some point along the discharge tube A and a branching point D 1 provided at some point along the outdoor-side liquid tube D. Disposed at some point in the hot gas bypass circuit H is the hot gas bypass valve 27 , which can switch between a state of permitting the passage of refrigerant and a state of not permitting the passage of refrigerant. Between the hot gas bypass valve 27 and the branching point D 1 , the hot gas bypass circuit H is provided with a capillary tube 28 for lowering the pressure of refrigerant passing through.
  • This capillary tube 28 makes it possible to approach the pressure that follows the refrigerant pressure decrease by the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 during the air-warming operation, and therefore makes it possible to suppress the rise in refrigerant pressure in the outdoor-side liquid tube D caused by the supply of hot gas through the hot gas bypass circuit H to the outdoor-side liquid tube D.
  • the branched tube K which constitutes part of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , consists of a refrigerant tube extending from a gas-side inlet/outlet 23 e of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and branching into a plurality of tubes at a branching/converging point 23 k described hereinafter, in order to increase the effective surface area for heat exchange.
  • the branched tube K has a first branched tube K 1 , a second branched tube K 2 , and a third branched tube K 3 which extend independently from the branching/converging point 23 k to a converging/branching point 23 j, and these branching tubes K 1 , K 2 , K 3 converge at the converging/branching point 23 j. Seen from the side with the converging tube J, the branched tube K branches at and extends from the converging/branching point 23 j.
  • the converging tube J which constitutes a part of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , is a tube extending from the converging/branching point 23 j to a liquid-side inlet/outlet 23 d of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the converging tube J is capable of equalizing the subcooling degree of the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 23 during the air-cooling operation, and is also capable of thawing ice deposited in the vicinity of the lower end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 during the air-warming operation.
  • the converging tube J has a cross-sectional area approximately three times each of those of the branching tubes K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , and the amount of refrigerant passing through is approximately three times greater than in each of the branching tubes K 1 , K 2 , K 3 .
  • the four-way switching valve 22 is capable of switching between an air-cooling operation cycle and an air-warming operation cycle.
  • FIG. 1 the connection state during the air-warming operation is shown by solid lines, and the connection state during the air-cooling operation is shown by dotted lines.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 41 functions as a cooler of refrigerant and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 functions as a heater of refrigerant.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 23 functions as a cooler of refrigerant and the indoor heat exchanger 41 functions as a heater of refrigerant.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 23 has the gas-side inlet/outlet 23 e, the liquid-side inlet/outlet 23 d, the branching/converging point 23 k, the converging/branching point 23 j, the branched tube K, the converging tube J, and heat exchange fins 23 z.
  • the gas-side inlet/outlet 23 e is positioned in the end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 next to the outdoor-side gas tube E, and is connected to the outdoor-side gas tube E.
  • the liquid-side inlet/outlet 23 d is positioned in the end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 next to the outdoor-side liquid tube D, and is connected to the outdoor-side liquid tube D.
  • the branching/converging point 23 k is where the tube extending from the gas-side inlet/outlet 23 e branches, and the refrigerant can branch or converge depending on the direction in which the refrigerant is flowing.
  • the branched tube K extends as a plurality of tubes from each of the branched portions in the branching/converging point 23 k.
  • the converging/branching point 23 j is where the branched tube K converges, and the refrigerant can converge or branch depending on the direction in which the refrigerant is flowing.
  • the converging tube J extends from the converging/branching point 23 j to the liquid-side inlet/outlet 23 d.
  • the heat exchange fins 23 z are composed of a plurality of plate-shaped aluminum fins aligned in their plate-thickness direction and arranged at predetermined intervals.
  • the branched tube K and the converging tube J both pass through the heat exchange fins 23 z.
  • the branched tube K and the converging tube J are arranged so as to penetrate in the plate-thickness direction through different parts of the same heat exchange fins 23 z.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 23 Upwind side of the outdoor fans 26 in the direction of air flow, the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is provided with an outdoor air temperature sensor 29 b for sensing the temperature of the outdoor air.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is also provided with an outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c for sensing the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the branched tube air conditioning apparatus.
  • An indoor temperature sensor 43 for sensing the indoor temperature is provided inside the indoor unit 4 .
  • the indoor heat exchanger 41 is also provided with an indoor heat exchange temperature sensor 44 for sensing the refrigerant temperature of the side next to the indoor-side liquid tube C where the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 is connected.
  • An outdoor control part 12 for controlling the devices disposed in the outdoor unit 2 and an indoor control part 13 for controlling the devices disposed in the indoor unit 4 are connected by a communication line 11 a, thereby constituting a control part 11 .
  • This control part 11 performs various controls on the air conditioning apparatus 1 .
  • the outdoor control part 12 is also provided with a timer 95 for counting the elapsed time when the various controls are performed.
  • a controller 90 for receiving a setting input from the user is connected to the control part 11 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an external perspective view of the front side of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view depicting the positional relationship between the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the outdoor fans 26 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the rear side of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the outside surfaces of the outdoor unit 2 are configured from a substantially rectangular parallelepiped outdoor unit casing, which is configured from a ceiling plate 2 a, a bottom plate 2 b, a front panel 2 c, a left side panel 2 d, a right side panel 2 f, and a rear side panel 2 e.
  • the outdoor unit 2 is sectioned via a partitioning plate 2 H into an air-blower chamber next to the left side panel 2 d, in which the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the outdoor fans 26 , and other components are placed; and a machine chamber next to the right side panel 2 f, where the compressor 21 and/or the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 are placed.
  • the outdoor unit 2 is fixed in place by being screwed onto the bottom plate 2 b, and the outdoor unit 2 has an outdoor unit support stand 2 G constituting the left and right sides of the lowest end of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is disposed in the machine chamber, in an upper position in proximity to the right side panel 2 f and the ceiling plate 2 a.
  • the heat exchange fins 23 z of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 described above are arranged so as to be aligned in the plate-thickness direction while the plate-thickness direction runs generally horizontally.
  • the converging tube J is placed in the lowest parts of the heat exchange fins 23 z of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , by passing through the heat exchange fins 23 z in the thickness direction.
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H is disposed so as to extend below the outdoor fans 26 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • FIG. 5 shows an overall front perspective view showing the internal structure of the machine chamber of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view showing the internal structure of the machine chamber of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view depicting the arrangement relationship between the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the bottom plate 2 b.
  • the partitioning plate 2 H partitions the outdoor unit 2 frontward to rearward from the top end to the bottom end, so as to section the outdoor unit 2 into an air-blower chamber in which the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the outdoor fans 26 , and other components are placed, and a machine chamber in which the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , the compressor 21 , the accumulator 25 , and other components are placed.
  • the compressor 21 and the accumulator 25 are placed in a space below the machine chamber of the outdoor unit 2 .
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , the four-way switching valve 22 , and the outdoor control part 12 are placed in an upper space of the machine chamber of the outdoor unit 2 , which is also a space at the top of the compressor 21 , the accumulator 25 , and other components.
  • the functional elements constituting the outdoor unit 2 and placed in the machine chamber which are the compressor 21 , the four-way switching valve 22 , the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the outdoor electric expansion valve 24 , the accumulator 25 , the hot gas bypass valve 27 , the capillary tube 28 , and the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , are connected via the discharge tube A, the indoor-side gas tube B, the outdoor-side liquid tube D, the outdoor-side gas tube E, the accumulation tube F, the hot gas bypass circuit H, and other components so that the refrigeration cycle is performed by the refrigerant circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H is configured from nine portions linked, which are a first bypass portion H 1 through to a ninth bypass portion H 9 as described hereinafter, and when refrigerant flows through the hot gas bypass circuit H, the refrigerant flows sequentially from the first bypass portion H 1 to the ninth bypass portion H 9 .
  • the converging tube J shown in FIG. 7 has a cross-sectional area equivalent to the cross-sectional areas of the first branched tube K 1 , the second branched tube K 2 , and the third branched tube K 3 as described above, and within the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the portion containing the first branched tube K 1 , the second branched tube K 2 , and the third branched tube K 3 can be increased in terms of its heat exchange effective surface area relative to that of the converging tube J.
  • the converging tube J herein is composed of a first converging tube portion J 1 , a second converging tube portion J 2 , a third converging tube portion J 3 , and a fourth converging tube portion J 4 connected to each other, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • Refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 23 through the branched tube K converges at the converging/branching point 23 j, in which state the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 can make a pass through the lowest end portion of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 after having collected into one flow.
  • the first converging tube portion J 1 extends from the converging/branching point 23 j to the heat exchange fins 23 z disposed in the outermost edge of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the second converging tube portion J 2 extends from the end of the first converging tube portion J 1 so as to pass through the plurality of heat exchange fins 23 z.
  • the fourth converging tube portion J 4 also extends so as to pass through the plurality of heat exchange fins 23 z.
  • the third converging tube portion J 3 is a U-shaped tube which connects the second converging tube portion J 2 and the fourth converging tube portion J 4 in the end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 collects from a multiple-split flow in the branched tube K into a single flow in the converging tube J, the refrigerant can collect into a single flow in the converging tube J even if the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing through the branched tube K in the portion immediately before the converging/branching point 23 j differs with each set of refrigerant flowing through the individual tubes constituting the branched tube K, and the degree of subcooling of the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 can therefore be adjusted.
  • the hot gas bypass valve 27 is opened and high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 can be supplied to the converging tube J provided at the bottom end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 before being supplied to the other portions of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 . Therefore, ice deposited in the lower vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 can be effectively thawed.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view in which the air-blowing mechanism of the outdoor unit 2 has been removed.
  • FIG. 9 shows a plan view of the placement relationship between the bottom plate of the outdoor unit 2 and the hot gas bypass circuit H.
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H has a first bypass portion H 1 through to an eighth bypass portion H 8 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , and also a ninth bypass portion H 9 which is not shown.
  • the portion that branches at the branching point A 1 from the discharge tube A extends to the hot gas bypass valve 27 , and further extends from this hot gas bypass valve 27 is the first bypass portion H 1 .
  • the second bypass portion H 2 extends from the end of the first bypass portion H 1 toward the air-blower chamber near the rear side.
  • the third bypass portion H 3 extends toward the front side from the end of the second bypass portion H 2 .
  • the fourth bypass portion H 4 extends in the opposite direction of the machine chamber, toward the left, from the end of the third bypass portion H 3 .
  • the fifth bypass portion H 5 extends toward the rear side from the end of the fourth bypass portion H 4 , up to a portion where a gap can be ensured from the rear side panel 2 e of the outdoor unit casing.
  • the sixth bypass portion H 6 extends from the end of the fifth bypass portion H 5 toward the machine chamber at the right and toward the rear side.
  • the seventh bypass portion H 7 extends from the end of the sixth bypass portion H 6 toward the machine chamber at the right and through the inside of the air-blower chamber.
  • the eighth bypass portion H 8 extends through the inside of the machine chamber from the end of the seventh bypass portion H 7 .
  • the ninth bypass portion H 9 extends from the end of the eighth bypass portion H 8 until it reaches the capillary tube 28 .
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H is placed in the bottom plate 2 b of the outdoor unit casing so as to pass near the portion below the outdoor fans 26 and below the outdoor heat exchanger 23 . Therefore, the vicinity of the portion where the hot gas bypass circuit H passes can be warmed by the high-temperature refrigerant branched and supplied from the discharge tube A of the compressor 21 without the use of a heater or another separate heat source. Consequently, even if the top side of the bottom plate 2 b is wetted by rainwater or by drain water produced in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , the formation of ice can be suppressed in the bottom plate 2 b below the outdoor fans 26 and below the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the hot gas bypass circuit H is arranged so as to pass below the outdoor fans 26 after branching at the branching point A 1 of the discharge tube A and before passing below the outdoor heat exchanger 23 . Therefore, the formation of ice below the outdoor fans 26 can be prevented with greater priority.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective view of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 attached to the accumulation tube F.
  • FIG. 11 shows an external perspective view in which a shielding cover 75 has been removed from the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 attached to the accumulation tube F.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is placed so as to cover the magnetic tube F 2 from the radially outer side, the magnetic tube F 2 being the heat-generating portion of the accumulation tube F, and the magnetic tube F 2 is made to generate heat by electromagnetic induction heating.
  • This heat-generating portion of the accumulation tube F has a double-layered tube structure having the copper tube F 1 on the inner side and the magnetic tube F 2 on the outer side.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 comprises a first hexagonal nut 61 , a second hexagonal nut 66 , a first bobbin cover 63 , a second bobbin cover 64 , a bobbin main body 65 , a first ferrite case 71 , a second ferrite case 72 , a third ferrite case 73 , a fourth ferrite case 74 , a first ferrite 98 , a second ferrite 99 , a coil 68 , the shielding cover 75 , an electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 , a fuse 15 , and other components.
  • the first hexagonal nut 61 and the second hexagonal nut 66 are made of a resin, and are used to stabilize the fixed state between the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 and the accumulation tube F with the aid of a C ring (not shown).
  • the first bobbin cover 63 and the second bobbin cover 64 are made of a resin and are used to cover the accumulation tube F from the radially outer side in the top end position and bottom end position, respectively.
  • the first bobbin cover 63 and the second bobbin cover 64 have four screw holes for screws 69 , whereby the first through fourth first ferrite cases 71 to 74 described hereinafter are screwed in via the screws 69 .
  • the second bobbin cover 64 has an electromagnetic induction thermistor insertion opening 64 f for inserting the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 shown in FIG. 12 and attaching it to the outer surface of the magnetic tube F 2 .
  • the second bobbin cover 64 has a fuse insertion opening 64 e (see FIG. 14 ) for inserting the fuse 15 shown in FIG. 13 and attaching it to the outer surface of the magnetic tube F 2 .
  • the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 has an electromagnetic induction thermistor detector 14 a, an outer projection 14 b, a side projection 14 c, and electromagnetic induction thermistor wires 14 d for converting the detection result of the electromagnetic induction thermistor detector 14 a to a signal and sending it to the control part 11 , as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the electromagnetic induction thermistor detector 14 a has a shape that conforms to the curved shape of the outer surface of the accumulation tube F, and has a substantial contact surface area.
  • the fuse 15 has a fuse detector 15 a, an asymmetrical shape 15 b, and fuse wires 15 d for converting the detection result of the fuse detector 15 a to a signal and sending it to the control part 11 , as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the control part 11 Having received from the fuse 15 a notification that a temperature exceeding a predetermined limit temperature has been detected, the control part 11 performs a control for stopping the supply of electricity to the coil 68 , avoiding heat damage to the equipment.
  • the bobbin main body 65 is made of a resin and the coil 68 is wound over the bobbin main body 65 .
  • the coil 68 is wound in a helical shape over the outer side of the bobbin main body 65 , the axial direction being the direction in which the accumulation tube F extends.
  • the coil 68 is connected to a control print board (not shown), and the coil receives a supply of high-frequency electric current.
  • the output of the control print board is controlled by the control part 11 .
  • the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and the fuse 15 are attached in a state in which the bobbin main body 65 and the second bobbin cover 64 have been joined together, as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • a plate spring 16 pushing radially inward on the magnetic tube F 2 .
  • the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and the fuse 15 stay satisfactorily in firm contact with the outer surface of the accumulation tube F, responsiveness is improved and sudden temperature changes caused by electromagnetic induction heating can be quickly detected.
  • the first bobbin cover 63 and the second bobbin cover 64 are held in by the first ferrite case 71 from the direction in which the accumulation tube F extends and are screwed in place by the screws 69 .
  • the first ferrite case 71 through the fourth ferrite case 74 house the first ferrite 98 and the second ferrite 99 , which are configured from the highly magnetically permeable material ferrite.
  • the first ferrite 98 and the second ferrite 99 absorb the magnetic field created by the coil 68 and form a magnetic flux pathway, thereby impeding the magnetic field from leaking out to the exterior, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the accumulation tube F and electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 of FIG. 15 .
  • the shielding cover 75 is placed around the outermost periphery of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , and collects a magnetic flux that cannot be contained with the first ferrite 98 and the second ferrite 99 alone. The magnetic flux mostly does not leak out past the shielding cover 75 , and the location where the magnetic flux is created can be determined arbitrarily.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 described above performs a control for causing the magnetic tube F 2 of the accumulation tube F to generate heat, during startup in which the air-warming operation is initiated when the refrigeration cycle is caused to perform the air-warming operation, during air-warming capability assistance, and during performing of the defrosting operation.
  • the control part 11 When an air-warming operation command is inputted to the controller 90 from the user, the control part 11 initiates the air-warming operation. When the air-warming operation is initiated, the control part 11 waits until the compressor 21 has started up and the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 29 a has risen to 39 kg/cm 2 , and then causes the indoor fan 42 to be driven. This prevents discomfort for the user due to unwarmed air flowing into the room in the stage at which the refrigerant passing through the indoor heat exchanger 41 has not yet been warmed. Electromagnetic induction heating using the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is performed here in order to shorten the time for the compressor 21 to start up and the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 29 a to reach 39 kg/cm 2 .
  • the control part 11 performs a control for determining whether or not conditions are suitable for initiating electromagnetic induction heating. Examples of such a determination include a flow condition judgment process, a sensor-separation detection process, a rapid pressure-increasing process, and the like, as shown in the time chart of FIG. 16 .
  • the heating load is only the refrigerant accumulated in the portion of the accumulation tube F where the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is attached while refrigerant is not flowing to the accumulation tube F.
  • the temperature of the accumulation tube F rises abnormally to an extent such that the refrigerator oil deteriorates.
  • the temperature of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 itself also rises, and the reliability of the equipment is reduced.
  • a flow condition judgment process is performed herein which ensures that refrigerant flows to the accumulation tube F during a stage prior to initiating electromagnetic induction heating, so that electromagnetic induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is not performed while refrigerant is not flowing to the accumulation tube F.
  • step S 11 the control part 11 determines whether or not the controller 90 has received a command from the user for the air-warming operation and not for the air-cooling operation. Such a determination is made because the refrigerant must be heated by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 under the conditions in which the air-warming operation is performed.
  • step S 12 the control part 11 initiates startup of the compressor 21 , and the frequency of the compressor 21 gradually increases.
  • step S 13 the control part 11 determines whether or not the frequency of the compressor 21 has reached a predetermined minimum frequency Qmin, and proceeds to step S 14 when it has determined that the minimum frequency has been reached.
  • step S 14 the control part 11 initiates the flow condition judgment process, stores detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and detected temperature data of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c at the time the frequency of the compressor 21 reached the predetermined minimum frequency Qmin (see point a in FIG. 16 ), and initiates a count of the flow detection time by the timer 95 . If the frequency of the compressor 21 has not yet reached the predetermined minimum frequency Qmin, the refrigerant flowing through the accumulation tube F and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 is in a gas-liquid double phase and maintains a constant temperature at the saturation temperature, and the temperatures detected by the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c are therefore constant and unchanging at the saturation temperature.
  • the frequency of the compressor 21 continues to increase after some time, the refrigerant pressures in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and in the accumulation tube F continue to decrease further, and the saturation temperature begins to decrease, whereby the temperatures detected by the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c begin to decrease. Since the outdoor heat exchanger 23 herein is positioned farther downstream than the accumulation tube F in relation to the intake side of the compressor 21 , the timing at which the temperature of refrigerant passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 23 begins to decrease is earlier than the timing at which the temperature of refrigerant passing through the accumulation tube F begins to decrease (see points b and c in FIG. 16 ).
  • step S 15 the control part 11 determines whether or not the flow detection time of 10 seconds has elapsed since the timer 95 began counting, and the process transitions to step S 16 when the flow detection time has elapsed. When the flow detection time has not yet elapsed, step S 15 is repeated.
  • step S 16 the control part 11 acquires detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and detected temperature data of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c at the time that the flow detection time has elapsed and the refrigerant temperatures in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and in the accumulation tube F have decreased, and the process then transitions to step S 17 .
  • step S 17 the control part 11 determines whether or not the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 acquired in step S 16 has fallen 3° C. or more below the detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 stored in step S 14 , and also determines whether or not the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c acquired in step S 16 has fallen 3° C. or more below the detected temperature data of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c stored in step S 14 . Specifically, it is determined whether or not a decrease in the refrigerant temperature was successfully detected during the flow detection time. When either the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 or the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c has fallen by 3° C.
  • the flow condition judgment process is ended, and a transition is made either to the rapid pressure-increasing process during startup in which the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is used at its maximum limit, to the sensor-separation detection process, or to another process.
  • step S 18 when neither the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 nor the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c has fallen by 3° C. or more, the process transitions to step S 18 .
  • step S 18 the control part 11 assumes that the quantity of refrigerant flowing through the accumulation tube F is insufficient for induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , and the control part 11 outputs a flow abnormality display on the display screen of the controller 90 .
  • the sensor-separation detection process is a process for confirming the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 , and is performed after the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 is attached to the accumulation tube F and the air conditioning apparatus 1 is finished being installed (after installation is finished, including after the breaker supplying electricity to the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 has tripped), when the air-warming operation is first initiated.
  • the control part 11 performs the sensor-separation detection process after it has been determined in the above-described flow condition judgment process that the flow quantity of refrigerant in the accumulation tube F has been ensured, and prior to the performing of the rapid pressure-increasing process during startup in which the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is used at its maximum limit.
  • step S 21 the control part 11 initiates the supply of electricity to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , while ensuring the refrigerant flow quantity in the accumulation tube F that was confirmed by the flow condition judgment process, or a greater refrigerant flow quantity, and while storing detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 (see point d in FIG. 16 ) at the time the flow detection time has ended (i.e., the starting time point of the sensor-separation detection time). Electricity is supplied to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 here for the sensor-separation detection time of 20 seconds, at a separation detection supply of electricity M 1 (1 kW) of an output 50% less than a predetermined maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW).
  • the output is reduced to 50%, so that the fuse 15 will not be damaged and the resin members of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 will not melt due to the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 being unable to detect this abnormal rise in temperature regardless of any abnormal rise in temperature in the accumulation tube F.
  • the continuous heating time duration of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is set in advance so as not to exceed the maximum continuous output time of 10 minutes, and the control part 11 therefore causes the timer 95 to begin counting the elapsed time in which the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 continues to output.
  • the supply of electricity to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 and the size of the magnetic field generated by the coil 68 around itself are correlated values.
  • step S 22 the control part 11 determines whether or not the sensor-separation detection time has ended. If the sensor-separation detection time has ended, the process transitions to step S 23 . If the sensor-separation detection time has not yet ended, step S 22 is repeated.
  • step S 23 the control part 11 acquires the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 at the point in time when the sensor-separation detection time ended (point e of FIG. 16 ), and the process transitions to step S 24 .
  • step S 24 the control part 11 determines whether or not the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 at the end of the sensor-separation detection time acquired in step S 23 has risen 10° C. or more above the detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 at the start of the sensor-separation detection time stored in step S 21 . Specifically, a determination is made as to whether or not the refrigerant temperature has risen by 10° C. or more due to the induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 during the sensor-separation detection time. When the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 has risen by 10° C.
  • the sensor-separation detection process is ended, and the process transitions to the rapid pressure-increasing process at startup in which the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is used to its maximum limit.
  • the process transitions to step S 25 .
  • step S 25 the control part 11 counts the number of times a sensor-separation retry process was performed.
  • the process transitions to step S 26 , and when the number of retries exceeds ten, the process transitions to step S 27 without transitioning to step S 26 .
  • step S 26 the control part 11 executes the sensor-separation retry process.
  • the detected temperature data of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 at the elapse of 30 more seconds is stored, electricity is supplied at a separation detection supply of electricity M 1 to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 for 20 seconds, the same processes of steps S 22 and S 23 are performed, the sensor-separation detection process is ended when the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 has risen by 10° C. or more, and the process transitions to the rapid pressure-increasing process at startup in which the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is used to its maximum limit. On the other hand, if the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 has not risen by 10° C. or more, the process returns to step S 25 .
  • step S 27 the control part 11 determines that the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 to the accumulation tube F is unstable or unsatisfactory, and outputs a sensor-separated abnormality display on the display screen of the controller 90 .
  • the control part 11 initiates the rapid pressure-increasing process in a state in which the flow condition judgment process and the sensor-separation detection process have ended, confirmation has been made that sufficient refrigerant flow in the accumulation tube F has been ensured, the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 to the accumulation tube F is satisfactory, and the accumulation tube F has been appropriately warmed by induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • step S 31 the control part 11 sets the supply of electricity to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 not to the separation detection supply of electricity M 1 limited to 50% output as it was during the sensor-separation detection process described above, but rather to the predetermined maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW). This output by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is continued until the pressure sensor 29 a reaches a predetermined target high pressure Ph.
  • the control part 11 forces the compressor 21 to stop when the pressure sensor 29 a detects an abnormally high pressure Pr.
  • the target high pressure Ph during this rapid pressure-increasing process is provided as a separate threshold that is a pressure value smaller than the abnormally high pressure Pr.
  • step S 32 the control part 11 determines whether or not the maximum continuous output time of 10 minutes of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 has elapsed since the start of the count in step S 21 of the sensor-separation detection process. If the maximum continuous output time has not elapsed, the process advances to step S 33 . If the maximum continuous output time has elapsed, the process advances to step S 34 .
  • step S 33 the control part 11 determines whether or not the detected pressure of the pressure sensor 29 a has reached the target high pressure Ph. If the target high pressure Ph has been reached, the process transitions to step S 34 . If the target high pressure Ph has not been reached, step S 32 is repeated.
  • step S 34 the control part 11 initiates driving of the indoor fan 42 , ends the rapid pressure-increasing process, and transitions to a steady output process.
  • step S 34 the indoor fan 42 begins to operate under conditions in which sufficiently warm conditioned air is successfully being provided to the user.
  • step S 32 to step S 34 a state of successfully providing the user with sufficiently warm conditioned air has not been reached, but conditioned air that is somewhat warm can be supplied and the supply of warm air can be initiated in a range wherein the elapsed time since the start of the air-warming operation is not too long.
  • a steadily supplied electricity M 2 (1.4 kW), which is equal to or greater than the separated-detection supply of electricity M 1 (1 kW) and equal to or less than the maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW), is designated as a fixed output value, and the frequency at which electricity is supplied to the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is PI controlled so that the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 is maintained at the startup target accumulation tube temperature of 80° C.
  • step S 41 the control part 11 stores the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 and the process transitions to step S 42 .
  • step S 42 the control part 11 compares the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 stored in step S 41 with the startup target accumulation tube temperature of 80° C., and determines whether or not the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 is equal to or less than a predetermined maintained temperature that is lower than the startup target accumulation tube temperature of 80° C. by a predetermined temperature. If the detected temperature is equal to or less than the predetermined maintained temperature, the process transitions to step S 43 . If the detected temperature is not equal to or less than the predetermined maintained temperature, the process stands by until the detected temperature is equal to or less than the predetermined maintained temperature.
  • step S 43 the control part 11 perceives the time elapsed since the end of the most recent supply of electricity to the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • step S 44 the control part 11 designates, as one set, the continuous supply of electricity to the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 fixed at the steadily supplied electricity M 2 (1.4 kW) for 30 seconds, and performs PI control in which the frequency of this set is increased in response to a longer elapsed time ascertained in step S 43 .
  • the defrosting process which is an operation for melting frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • the defrosting process which is an operation for melting frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • high-pressure, high-temperature gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 before passing through the indoor heat exchanger 41 , and the heat of condensation of the refrigerant is used to melt the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 23 .
  • step S 51 the control part 11 confirms that the frequency of the compressor 21 is equal to or greater than the predetermined minimum frequency Qmin, which ensures a predetermined refrigerant circulating quantity; that a refrigerant flow quantity is ensured by the flow condition judgment process to an extent such that electromagnetic induction heating can be performed; and that the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 is proper according to the sensor-separation detection process; and transitions to step S 52 .
  • step S 52 the control part 11 determines whether or not the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c is less than 10° C. If it is less than 10° C., the process transitions to step S 53 . If it is not less than 10° C., step S 52 is repeated.
  • step S 53 the control part 11 brings induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 to a halt and transmits a defrost signal.
  • step S 54 after transmitting a defrost signal, the control part 11 sets the connection state of the four-way switching valve 22 to the connection state of the air-cooling operation, and also performs a count, using the timer 95 , of the time elapsed after defrosting is initiated, once the connection state of the four-way switching valve 22 has become the connection state of the air-cooling operation.
  • step S 55 the control part 11 determines whether or not 30 seconds has elapsed since defrosting was initiated. If 30 seconds has elapsed, the process transitions to step S 56 . If 30 seconds has not elapsed, step S 55 is repeated.
  • step S 56 the control part 11 brings the electricity supplied to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 to a predetermined maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW), and PI controls the frequency of induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 so that the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 reaches the target defrosting temperature, which is 40° C. (different from the startup target accumulation tube temperature during the steady output process).
  • the hot gas bypass valve 27 of the hot gas bypass circuit H When the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c falls below 0° C., the hot gas bypass valve 27 of the hot gas bypass circuit H then opens, high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant is supplied to the area below the outdoor fans 26 and below the outdoor heat exchanger 23 on the top surface of the bottom plate 2 b of the outdoor unit 2 , and the ice formed on the top surface of the bottom plate 2 b is removed.
  • the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows from the branching/converging point 23 k to the converging/branching point 23 j of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and converges into a single flow in the converging/branching point 23 j, whereby refrigerant three times greater in quantity than that of the branched tube K flows collectively through the converging tube J. Since the converging tube J is positioned in the vicinity of the bottom end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 , much heat of condensation can be collectively supplied to the bottom end vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 . Defrosting can thereby be further quickened.
  • step S 57 the control part 11 determines whether or not the defrost initiation elapsed time has exceeded 10 minutes. If it has not exceeded 10 minutes, the process transitions to step S 58 . If it has exceeded 10 minutes, the process transitions to step S 59 .
  • the connection state of the four-way switching valve 22 can thereby be prevented from remaining for 10 minutes or more in the air-cooling state, making it unlikely that the user will experience discomfort from a decrease in the indoor temperature.
  • step S 58 the control part 11 determines whether or not the detected temperature of the outdoor heat exchange temperature sensor 29 c exceeds 10° C. If it exceeds 10° C., the process transitions to step S 59 . If it does not exceed 10° C., the process returns to and repeats step S 56 .
  • step S 59 the control part 11 stops the compressor 21 to equalize the high and low pressures in the refrigeration cycle, and ends induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • step S 60 the control part 11 switches the connection state of the four-way switching valve 22 to the connection state of the air-warming operation.
  • the control part 11 then transmits a signal which ends defrosting. Furthermore, the control part 11 progressively raises the frequency of the compressor 21 to the predetermined minimum frequency Qmin or greater, and performs the steady output process until a condition is reached in which the defrosting process will be performed again.
  • the hot gas bypass valve 27 of the hot gas bypass circuit H closes after 5 seconds following the transmission of the signal that ends defrosting.
  • performing the rapid pressure-increasing process causes a process to be performed in which the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is brought to the maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW), and the refrigerant flowing toward the indoor heat exchanger 41 is quickly brought to a high temperature and high pressure. It is thereby possible to shorten the time needed for warm air to be supplied to the user after startup of the air-warming operation is initiated. Furthermore, by performing the steady output process in a state in which the room interior has been warmed to some extent, the steadily supplied electricity M 2 (1.4 kW), which is the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 limited below the maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW), is brought to a fixed output value. It is thereby possible to minimize control overshooting caused by excessively raising the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 .
  • the defrosting process since induction heating by the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is performed at the maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW), the defrosting process can be quickened. Since the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 is brought to the target defrosting temperature of 40° C. and suppressed lower than the startup target accumulation tube temperature during the steady output process, overshooting caused by control is kept to a minimum.
  • the rapid pressure-increasing process of causing the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 to output at the maximum supplied electricity Mmax (2 kW) may, for example, be ended at the point in time when the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 detects a temperature established based on the temperature corresponding to the refrigerant of the target high pressure Ph passing through the attached portion of the pressure sensor 29 a.
  • this confirmation can be used as a determination indicator for initiating the supply of warm conditioned air to the user at the start of the air-warming operation.
  • detecting temperature changes when determining the time of ending the rapid pressure-increasing process may be done by detecting the temperature of an electromagnetic induction downstream-side thermistor 214 which detects temperature changes in the vicinity downstream in the refrigerant flow direction of the accumulation tube F having the magnetic tube F 2 , as shown in FIG. 22 , for example; and detecting temperature changes is not limited to detecting the temperature of the accumulation tube F.
  • the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 may be confirmed by changing the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 from a state of creating a magnetic field to a state of not creating a magnetic field.
  • the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 can be confirmed to be satisfactory by detected temperature changes in which the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 decreases.
  • the state of attachment of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 may also be confirmed merely by changing the electricity supplied to the coil 68 of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 , thereby varying the strength of the magnetic field being created, and by finding the resulting change in the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 .
  • temperature changes in the accumulation tube F may be detected by using a detection device of bimetal or the like for detecting if the temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature or less than a predetermined temperature, and setting the predetermined temperature of the detection device to a value between the temperature prior to the sensor-separation detection process and the subsequent temperature.
  • a detection device of bimetal or the like for detecting if the temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature or less than a predetermined temperature, and setting the predetermined temperature of the detection device to a value between the temperature prior to the sensor-separation detection process and the subsequent temperature.
  • the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 may be controlled based on the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 while the frequency of performing electromagnetic induction heating remains fixed.
  • Another option is for both the frequency of performing electromagnetic induction heating and the output of the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 to be controlled based on the detected temperature of the electromagnetic induction thermistor 14 in the steady output process.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 may be provided to a refrigerant tube other than the accumulation tube F.
  • the magnetic tube F 2 or another magnetic component is provided to the refrigerant tube portion where the electromagnetic induction heating unit 6 is provided.
  • the accumulation tube F is configured as a double-layer pipe comprising the copper tube F 1 and the magnetic tube F 2 .
  • a magnetic member F 2 a and two stoppers F 1 a, F 1 b may be disposed inside the accumulation tube F or a refrigerant tube as a heated object, as shown in FIG. 23 .
  • the magnetic member F 2 a is a member containing a magnetic material whereby heat is generated by electromagnetic induction heating in the embodiment described above.
  • the stoppers F 1 a, F 1 b are placed in two locations inside the copper tube F 1 , constantly allowing refrigerant to pass through but not allowing the magnetic member F 2 a to pass through.
  • the magnetic member F 2 a thereby does not move despite the flow of refrigerant. Therefore, the intended heating position in the accumulation tube F or the like can be heated.
  • the heat-generating magnetic member F 2 a and the refrigerant are in direct contact, heat transfer efficiency can be improved.
  • the magnetic member F 2 a described in the other embodiment (F) above may be positioned within the tube without the use of the stoppers F 1 a, F 1 b.
  • bent portions FW may be provided in two locations in the copper tube F 1 , and the magnetic member F 2 a may be disposed inside the copper tube F 1 between these two bent portions FW, as shown in FIG. 24 .
  • the movement of the magnetic member F 2 a can be suppressed while refrigerant is allowed to pass through in this manner as well.
  • a coil 168 wound around a bobbin main body 165 may be disposed around the periphery of the accumulation tube F without being wound over the accumulation tube F, as shown in FIG. 25 .
  • the bobbin main body 165 is disposed so that its axial direction is substantially perpendicular to the axial direction of the accumulation tube F.
  • the bobbin main body 165 and the coil 168 are disposed in two separate parts so as to sandwich the accumulation tube F.
  • a first bobbin cover 163 and a second bobbin cover 164 which pass through the accumulation tube F may be arranged in a state of being fitted over the bobbin main body 165 , as shown in FIG. 26 .
  • first bobbin cover 163 and the second bobbin cover 164 may be fixed in place by being sandwiched by a first ferrite case 171 and a second ferrite case 172 , as shown in FIG. 27 .
  • FIG. 27 an example is shown of a case in which two ferrite cases are arranged so as to sandwich the accumulation tube F, but they may be arranged in four directions similar to the embodiment described above.
  • the ferrite may also be accommodated similar to the embodiment described above.
  • Embodiments of the present invention were described above in several examples, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
  • the present invention also includes combined embodiments obtained by suitably combining different portions of the above embodiments, within a range that can be carried out based on the above descriptions by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in an electromagnetic induction heating unit and an air conditioning apparatus in which refrigerant is heated using electromagnetic induction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
US13/256,480 2009-03-19 2010-03-18 Air conditioning apparatus Abandoned US20120006040A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP2009069132A JP4826643B2 (ja) 2009-03-19 2009-03-19 空気調和装置
JP2009-069132 2009-03-19
PCT/JP2010/001942 WO2010106805A1 (ja) 2009-03-19 2010-03-18 空気調和装置

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US13/256,480 Abandoned US20120006040A1 (en) 2009-03-19 2010-03-18 Air conditioning apparatus

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US (1) US20120006040A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2410262A1 (de)
JP (1) JP4826643B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101233903B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102348943A (de)
AU (1) AU2010225944B2 (de)
RU (1) RU2484390C1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010106805A1 (de)

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US20150114018A1 (en) * 2013-10-30 2015-04-30 Denso International America, Inc. Viscous heater for heat pump system
US9528865B2 (en) 2012-11-02 2016-12-27 Johnson Controls Technology Company Methods and systems for determining flow direction using a bidirectional pressure sensor
CN112797706A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-14 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 一种冰箱及其化霜控制方法

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CN112797706A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-14 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 一种冰箱及其化霜控制方法

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JP4826643B2 (ja) 2011-11-30
JP2010223459A (ja) 2010-10-07
CN102348943A (zh) 2012-02-08
KR20110139288A (ko) 2011-12-28
EP2410262A1 (de) 2012-01-25
WO2010106805A1 (ja) 2010-09-23
RU2484390C1 (ru) 2013-06-10
AU2010225944B2 (en) 2012-11-15

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