US20110259320A1 - Solar light collecting method in multi-tower beam-down light collecting system - Google Patents

Solar light collecting method in multi-tower beam-down light collecting system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110259320A1
US20110259320A1 US13/056,367 US200913056367A US2011259320A1 US 20110259320 A1 US20110259320 A1 US 20110259320A1 US 200913056367 A US200913056367 A US 200913056367A US 2011259320 A1 US2011259320 A1 US 2011259320A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
tower
light
receiver
heliostat
receiving
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Abandoned
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US13/056,367
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English (en)
Inventor
Minoru Yuasa
Hiroshi Hasuike
Yutaka Tamaura
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Abu Dhabi Future Energy Co PJSC
Cosmo Oil Co Ltd
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Abu Dhabi Future Energy Co PJSC
Cosmo Oil Co Ltd
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Assigned to COSMO OIL CO., LTD., ABU DHABI FUTURE ENERGY COMPANY PJSC reassignment COSMO OIL CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HASUIKE, HIROSHI, TAMAURA, YUTAKA, YUASA, MINORU
Publication of US20110259320A1 publication Critical patent/US20110259320A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • F24S2050/25—Calibration means; Methods for initial positioning of solar concentrators or solar receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
    • G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
    • G02B7/1822—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors comprising means for aligning the optical axis
    • G02B7/1824—Manual alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of enhancing light collecting efficiency of solar energy in a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system.
  • solar thermal energy is very promising as energy to replace fossil fuel, owing to its abundant potential quantity (potential quantity of energy resource).
  • the intensity of solar thermal energy is about 1 kW/m 2 .
  • Thermal energy of sunlight can be sufficiently utilized as an energy source for operating a thermochemical reaction plant, a power generation plant or the like. In order to utilize the solar thermal energy as an energy source, it is required to be efficiently converted into chemical energy or electric energy, and in order to enhance the conversion efficiency, it is required to efficiently collect the sunlight.
  • a device for tracking the sun is called a heliostat.
  • the tower-top light collecting system includes a heliostat group and a receiver disposed on a tower top, and is a system which collects the light reflected by the heliostat group at the receiver on the tower top.
  • the beam-down light collecting system includes a heliostat group, a reflector disposed on a tower top, and a receiver disposed on the ground, and is a system which secondarily reflects the sunlight, which has been primarily reflected by the heliostat group, and collects the light on the receiver.
  • the tower-top light collecting systems are classified, on the basis of the shape of the receiver (heat collector), into three types, namely, a flat receiver type, a cavity receiver type, and a cylindrical receiver type.
  • a flat receiver heat collector
  • heliostats are arranged only on the north side of the tower to collect the reflection light on the receiver on the tower.
  • a cavity receiver (heat collector) is arranged on a top part of a tower so that an opening thereof faces northward and obliquely downward (in a case of the northern hemisphere), and heliostats are arranged only on the north side of the tower to collect the reflection light on the receiver on the tower.
  • a cylindrical heat collector is arranged on a top part of a tower, and heliostats are arranged around the tower to collect the light reflected from the respective heliostats on the receiver on the tower.
  • the beam-down light collecting system which includes a heliostat group, a reflector and a receiver, and is a system in which the light primarily reflected by the heliostat group is secondarily reflected by the reflector on a top part of the tower and the secondarily-reflected light is collected on the receiver arranged on a bottom part of the tower (on the ground), arranging the heliostats around the tower enables light collection from periphery of the tower (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
  • two or more towers may be arranged at intervals among the heliostats that are dispersedly arranged on the ground, and this is called as a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system.
  • two or more towers may be arranged at intervals among the heliostats that are dispersedly arranged on the ground, and this is called as a multi-tower tower-top light collecting system.
  • the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system When comparing the functions of the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system and the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system, as for the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system, in a case in which the heliostats are continuously arranged in the east-west direction as shown in FIG. 12 and the sun is on the east side for example, there is a large difference in light collecting quantity between the east-side surface and the west-side surface of the receiver (heat collector) on the top part of the tower.
  • the light collecting quantity becomes deficient, with the result that the heat collecting efficiency decreases significantly.
  • the light from the heliostats disposed in any direction is, in theory, collected uniformly on the upper surface of the receiver that is disposed on a bottom part of the tower. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the decrease of the heat collecting efficiency due to the shortage of the light collecting quantity which is caused in the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system, whereby high heat-collecting efficiency is obtained.
  • the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system is advantageous as compared with the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system.
  • the advantage of the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system is only in comparison with the heat collecting efficiency of the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2951297 B2
  • Patent Document 2 JP 2000-146310 A
  • Patent Document 3 JP 2004-37037 A
  • the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system is advantageous as compared with the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system, this is only in comparison with the multi-tower tower-top light collecting system, and a problem that the invention is to solve is that there is room for further improvement also in the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system.
  • the most distinctive feature of the present invention is to select, in a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system, a tower toward which a heliostat reflects light, in accordance with according a position of the sun so as to increase light collecting quantity.
  • the present invention is a solar light collecting method in a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system, having a tower selection,
  • the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system being a system in which, in a field where a plurality of beam-down light collecting towers are present, light primarily reflected by a heliostat is secondarily reflected by a reflector at a top part of one of the towers and is collected on a receiver on the ground, and
  • the tower selection includes comparing, assuming that the heliostat in a given position receives sunlight and reflects the sunlight toward each of optionally selected two of the towers, a light receiving quantity on the receiver of each of the towers, and selecting one of the towers in which the light receiving quantity is relatively large to reflect the sunlight toward the one of the towers.
  • the tower may be selected such that, assuming that the heliostat in a given position receives the sunlight and reflects the sunlight toward each of the optionally selected two of the towers, an angle formed by an directional vector of incident light and a directional vector of reflection light seen from the heliostat is compared, the magnitude of the angle formed by the directional vector of the incident light and the directional vector of the reflection light seen from the heliostat is evaluated, and a tower with respect to which the angle formed by the directional vector of the incident light and the directional vector of the reflection light seen from the heliostat is smaller is determined as the tower in which the light receiving quantity is relatively large.
  • each of the heliostats that are dispersedly arranged on the ground are made to select the tower toward which the reflected sunlight is to be collected, whereby conversion efficiency of the solar energy can be enhanced.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic structure of a beam-down light collecting system as a solar light collecting system using heliostats;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a heliostat
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a reflector
  • FIG. 4( a ) is a plan view showing an example of a configuration of a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system
  • FIG. 4( b ) is a sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 4( a );
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relation between a tower to be selected and a position of the sun
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example in which a tower, toward which sunlight is to be reflected, is selected based on the magnitude of an angle formed by the sun S and a neighboring tower seen from an heliostat;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example in which a tower having larger light receiving quantity on the receiver is selected from the respective towers;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a case in which two towers are lined on the east and west as a calculation example of tower selection using a light collecting simulator
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a comparison of reflected energy quantity between when a tower toward which the sunlight is to be reflected is selected and when not selected;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a rate of the reflected energy quantity increased by selecting the tower toward which the sunlight is to be reflected;
  • FIG. 11 shows the reflected energy quantity from a heliostat in a day, in which (a) is a diagram showing the reflected energy quantity in a case of a single-tower light collecting system, and (b) is a diagram showing the reflected energy quantity in a case in which a tower selection is carried out successively such that an angle formed by a reflector (upper focus) and the sun seen from a heliostat becomes smaller;
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a light collection in a multi-tower tower-top light collecting system.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a light collection in a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system.
  • An object to select a tower such that light receiving quantity becomes the largest when a heliostat receives sunlight of the sun in a given position is achieved by evaluating the magnitude of the light receiving quantity on a receiver of the tower, finding a relation between a position of the sun and a tower to be selected, and controlling the heliostat.
  • a multi-tower beam-down light collecting system is a system in which, in a field where a plurality of beam-down light collecting towers are present, light primarily reflected by heliostats around each tower is secondarily reflected by a reflector on a top part of the tower to collect the light on a receiver on the ground.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of a beam-down light collecting system as a solar light collecting system using heliostats.
  • the beam-down light collecting system is configured by a combination of a group of heliostats 1 , 1 , . . . dispersedly arranged on the ground and a tower 4 including a reflector 2 and a receiver 3 .
  • the reflector 2 is a reflection mirror disposed in a position of an upper focus at a top part of the tower 4
  • the receiver 3 is disposed in a position of a lower focus at a bottom part of the tower 4 (on the ground) so as to face the reflector 2 .
  • the beam-down light collecting system is a system in which the sunlight primarily reflected by the heliostats 1 is secondarily reflected by the reflector 2 , thereby collecting the light on the receiver 3 .
  • the heliostat (a primary reflection mirror) 1 is, as shown in FIG. 2 , a device which can orient a mirror 5 in any direction to reflect the sunlight in the direction toward which the mirror 5 is oriented.
  • the reflector (a central reflection mirror, a secondary reflection mirror) 2 is, as shown in FIG. 3 , a device which reflects again the sunlight b 1 reflected from the heliostat 1 toward the receiver 3 by a mirror surface 6 .
  • the reflector 2 may be a hyperboloid-of-revolution type, a segment type or the like.
  • the receiver 3 is a light collector for receiving the collected light, and is classified into a flat type, a cylindrical type, a cavity type, and the like based on its shape.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a configuration of the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system.
  • the multi-tower beam-down light collecting system is configured by a combination of the tower 4 and a group of heliostats 1 , 1 . . . around the tower 4 .
  • the combination of the tower targeted by each heliostat and the respective heliostats is not necessarily identified. Therefore, as an embodiment, the towers are arranged at certain intervals among groups of heliostats 1 , 1 . . . arranged dispersedly on the ground.
  • each of the heliostats 1 selects, from some of the towers 4 set up nearby, a specified tower 4 such that the light receiving quantity on the receiver becomes the largest, and sends forth the reflected sunlight toward the reflector 2 of the specified tower 4 that has been selected. This will be referred to as a tower selection.
  • the tower selection is a process in which, the light receiving quantity on the receiver 3 of the tower 4 is compared, assuming that the heliostat 1 in a given position receives the sunlight and reflects the sunlight toward each of optionally selected two towers 4 , 4 , and the tower 4 in which the light receiving quantity is relatively large is selected to reflect the sunlight toward that tower 4 .
  • FIG. 4( a ) shows a relation between the heliostats 1 arranged dispersedly on the ground and a tower to be selected by each group of heliostats 1 at a given time.
  • large circles show the towers 4 each including the reflector 2 and the receiver 3
  • small circles, triangles and rectangles therearound show the heliostats 1 .
  • Circular, triangular and rectangular marks indicated inside the respective large circles show that the tower is selected by the heliostats 1 of the same mark.
  • each of the heliostats 1 reflects the sunlight toward the selected tower in accordance with the tower selection, regardless of the distance to the tower as shown in FIG. 4( b ), and the selected tower 4 collects the sunlight received on the reflector 2 at the receiver 3 on the ground.
  • the collected sunlight is thermally stored, for example, in molten salt through the receiver (heat collector) and is used for various purposes.
  • the collected sunlight is further collected by a secondary light collector called CPC and, thereafter, produces chemical energy fuel through an endothermic chemical reaction in a chemical energy conversion receiver (heat collector for chemical energy conversion).
  • the orientation of the heliostat 1 is controlled.
  • the orientation control is performed by a calendar method and/or a sensor method described below.
  • the calendar method is a method in which the directional vector of the sun is calculated from the latitude, longitude and the time. This calculation may be performed either independently for each heliostat or on a computer which centrally controls the plurality of heliostats.
  • the sensor method is a method of controlling the orientation of the heliostat using a reflection light sensor provided in each heliostat. Since this method is not influenced by the installation error of the heliostat or an error in a control mechanism, it can perform the control with good accuracy. However, when using the sensor method, the same number of sensors as the number of selectable towers is required for each heliostat. Further, there is limit in a sensitivity range of the sensor. Therefore, the control based only on this method is difficult. Accordingly, this method is usually used in combination with the calendar method.
  • heliostat orientation controlling method using the calendar method will be described below.
  • the heliostat orientation controlling method is not limited to this method.
  • calculation is performed, in which, when seen from the heliostat, S is a directional vector of the sun and F is a directional vector to a target point on the tower.
  • Step S 1 In accordance with the following expression, a heliostat directional vector (normal vector) N is calculated.
  • N ( S+F )/
  • Step S 2 Since the orientation of the heliostat is controlled by an azimuth A and an elevation angle E, the respective values are calculated.
  • A a tan( N ⁇ y/N ⁇ x ) (Range of A is 0 degree to 360 degrees)
  • Step S 3 Based on the values obtained in Step S 2 , the heliostat is controlled so as to be in the calculated orientation.
  • Step S 4 The above steps are repeated with change of the solar directional vector, and the orientation of the heliostat is sequentially changed accordance with the change of the solar directional vector.
  • the quantity of light collected on a receiver of the given tower may be obtained, not necessarily through an actual measurement, but by finding a relation between the solar position and a tower to be selected in advance through calculation using a light collecting simulator.
  • the sunlight reflected by the heliostat 1 is reflected again by the reflector 2 of the tower 4 and is collected on the receiver 3 .
  • the quantity of light received on the heliostat 1 is not the same as the quantity of light received on the receiver 3 , and decreases due to various factors. By performing light collecting calculation, these factors are taken into consideration, and the quantity of light to be received on the receiver 3 is obtained.
  • the light collecting calculation is performed, for example, by a ray tracing method in which each light ray of the sun is traced one by one in accordance with the procedure of the following steps.
  • the light ray is what puts three elements together, namely a pass point (a point on the ray including a starting point and an end point) p, a directional vector v, and intensity e.
  • Step T 1 Tracing a light ray which is emitted from a given position on the solar surface (because the sun is not a point light source but a surface light source) and reaches a given position (determination of initial light ray vector).
  • Step T 2 Determining whether the light ray hits a given heliostat (Cosine factor).
  • Step T 3 Determining whether the light ray is shielded, before reaching the given heliostat, by another heliostat or other obstacles (Shadowing).
  • Step T 4 Reflecting the light ray by the heliostat (primary reflected ray) (Attenuation based on reflectance and cleanliness; Variation of reflection angle due to mirror installation error, and the like)
  • Step T 5 Determining whether the primary reflected ray is shielded by another heliostat or other obstacles (Blocking).
  • Step T 6 Determining whether the primary reflected ray hits a reflector (Spillage in reflector).
  • Step T 7 Reflecting the primary reflected ray by a central reflection mirror (secondary reflected ray) (Attenuation based on reflectance, cleanliness and air; Variation in reflection angle due to mirror installation error, and the like)
  • Step T 8 Determining whether the secondary reflected ray enters a receiver opening (Spillage in receiver).
  • Step T 9 The secondary reflected ray reaching a receiver (Attenuation by air).
  • Step T 10 Repeating the above steps
  • the processing of comparing the magnitude of light collecting quantity may be performed by means of a simulator.
  • a light collecting simulator is used, receiver light-receiving-quantity calculation, whole-sky division for tower selection, and receiver light-receiving-quantity comparison are performed and, thereafter, the tower selection is performed based on results of these processing.
  • the tower selection when the sun is in a given position is performed, and the sunlight is collected to the selected tower.
  • the receiver light-receiving-quantity calculation is a processing of calculating the light receiving quantity assuming that the heliostat reflects the sunlight toward each tower when the sun is in a given position;
  • the whole-sky division is a processing of, based on the result of the receiver light-receiving-quantity calculation, dividing the whole sky by a boundary, on a position of which the respective light receiving quantities of the adjacent towers are the same;
  • the receiver light-receiving-quantity comparison is a processing of comparing the light quantity to be received the receiver in each area of the whole sky divided by the whole-sky division, and indicating the tower in which the light receiving quantity is larger.
  • the tower selection based on the result of the receiver light-receiving-quantity comparison, the tower determined to be large, when the sun is in a given position, in light receiving quantity is selected, the orientation of the heliostat is controlled so that the heliostat reflects the sunlight toward the selected tower, and the sunlight received by the heliostat is reflected toward the selected tower.
  • the light receiving quantity of the receiver in each tower when the sun is in a position of a given solar elevation and a given solar orientation has been found by calculation and a result of table 1 has been obtained.
  • Azimuth represents a solar orientation angle (deg)
  • Elevation is a solar elevation angle (deg)
  • H 1 ref represents the light reflection quantity in case that the light is collected to the tower 4 L
  • H 1 rec represents the receiver light receiving quantity in case that the light is reflected by the tower 4 L
  • H 2 ref represents the heliostat light reflection quantity in case that the light is reflected to the tower 4 R
  • H 2 rec is the receiver light receiving quantity in case that the light is reflected to the tower 4 R.
  • the east is taken as an origin (0 degree)
  • the north is taken as 90 degrees
  • the west is taken as 180 degrees
  • the south is taken as 270 degrees.
  • the heliostat light-refection quantity is described as reference.
  • Table 2 The results in the Table 2 are expressed in polar coordinate in which the zenith is taken as zero, as shown in Table 3 (In the elevation angle, a ground level is taken as 0 degree and the zenith is taken as 90 degrees. In the polar coordinate, the zenith is taken as 0 degree and the ground level is taken as 90 degrees.) Further, the table 3 is plotted with the polar coordinate as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a circle shows the whole sky.
  • a center is the zenith and the circumference becomes the ground level.
  • the receiver light receiving quantity in each tower in case that the heliostat reflects the sunlight toward each tower becomes equal.
  • the reflection quantity from the heliostat in case that the heliostat reflects the sunlight toward each tower becomes equal.
  • the light receiving quantity (H 1 rec, H 2 rec) in relation to the solar azimuth is compared between the respective towers, and the magnitude of the light receiving quantity is evaluated. Firstly, from the Table 1, it is found that: when the azimuth is 0, 30, 60, 90, 240, 270, 300, or 330 degrees, the light receiving quantity H 1 rec is always smaller than the light receiving quantity H 2 rec. Namely, when the solar orientation is in this range, it is better that the tower 4 R is always selected.
  • the elevation at which the light receiving quantity becomes the same is taken as 0 degree.
  • the tower having the larger light receiving quantity in each of the divided areas of the whole sky is as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • a tower to be selected can be selected by means of FIG. 7 .
  • the light collecting quantity decreases due to various factors in the light calculation, it is also possible to perform simply the tower selection in consideration of the decrease due to only a cosine factor of their factors. In this case, it can be said that the tower selection is processing of performing control so that an angle formed by the sun and each upper focus becomes small.
  • comparison is performed between an angle ⁇ 1 formed by the sun S and a neighboring tower 4 a when seen from a given heliostat 1 , and an angle ⁇ 2 formed by the sun S and another neighboring tower 4 b .
  • ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 the tower 4 a is selected, whereby the reflection amount from the heliostat is made substantially largest and the effective use of solar energy can be made.
  • the light receiving quantity of the receiver is determined by other many factors. Therefore, in this case, compared with the case where the tower selection is rigorously performed by means of the light collecting simulator, the light collecting quantity decreases.
  • an X-axis represents an east-west direction
  • a Y-axis represents a zenith direction. It is assumed that: on an X-Y plane, the sun rises from the east at 6:00 a.m., passes through the zenith at 12:00, and sinks at 6:00 p.m.
  • the direct normal irradiance (DNI) is taken as 1.0 kW/m 2
  • the area of a mirror per heliostat is taken as 1.0 m 2
  • the thirty heliostats have been arranged between the both towers. Blocking and shadowing among the heliostats are not taken into consideration.
  • FIG. 9 shows the reflected energy quantity of the heliostat in a day.
  • O-mark shows the reflected energy quantity in case that the heliostat collects the light to the left tower
  • ⁇ -mark shows the reflected energy quantity in case that the heliostat collects the light to the right tower.
  • ⁇ -mark shows the reflected energy quantity in case that the tower in which the angle formed by the reflector (upper focus) and the sun which are seen from the heliostat becomes small is selected as needed.
  • FIG. 10 shows the rate of the reflected energy quantity increased by performing the tower selection.
  • FIG. 11 shows the reflected energy quantity of the heliostat in a day.
  • the towers are located on both sides of a rectangular filed.
  • FIG. 11( a ) shows the reflected energy quantity in case of a single-tower light collecting system
  • (b) shows the reflected energy quantity in case that the tower in which the angle formed by the reflector (upper focus) and the sun which are seen from the heliostat becomes small is selected as needed. It has been found from this figure that the area of a region where the reflection quantity from one heliostat becomes 10.5 kWh and more is about 13 times, compared with that in the single-tower light collecting system.
  • the tower selection by means of the result of the elevation calculation and the result of the light receiving quantity comparison in FIGS. 6 and 7 becomes more suitable. Namely, as clear from FIG. 6 , in comparison between a case (solid line) where the tower light receiving quantity becomes simply equal in consideration of only the angle and a case (dashed line) where the tower light receiving quantity becomes equal by performing the elevation calculation, the area of region surrounded by the dashed line where the light is reflected toward the tower 4 R is larger than that surrounded by the solid line, the tower selection is appropriately performed there and the tower light receiving quantity becomes larger.
  • the light collecting calculation is performed and the tower selection is performed.
  • the invention is actually applied to the control of heliostat, such the calculation is performed in advance and its calculation result can be used also in control of the heliostat operation.
  • the magnitude of the light collecting quantities of the receivers in the two optional towers near the heliostat is evaluated, whereby the processing of selecting the tower in which the light collecting quantity is large may be performed.
  • the receiver light-receiving-quantity calculation is performed by the light collecting simulator, and the tower selection is performed on the basis of the result of the receiver light-receiving-quantity comparison. Therefore, the whole-sky division may be applied as needed.
  • the sunlight as a renewable energy source, has an enormous quantity of energy, and is a clean energy source which has no environment pollution.
  • the sunlight enables fuel production which utilizes the concentrated solar thermal energy in endothermic reaction of chemical reaction, and the stable supply of the generated electric power by concentrating the thin solar energy as the solar thermal power generation system.
  • the sunlight by applying the sunlight to technology of synthesizing methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide which have been manufactured by coal gasification and natural gas steam reforming, it is possible to manufacture methanol of which heat quantity is 6-10% or more larger than total heat quantity of coal and methane of raw materials, and the sunlight is greatly expected as what can significantly reduce emission of carbon dioxide in the methanol manufacturing process.

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JP2008197955A JP2010038370A (ja) 2008-07-31 2008-07-31 マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法
PCT/JP2009/063154 WO2010013632A1 (ja) 2008-07-31 2009-07-23 マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法

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US20120304981A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Rolf Miles Olsen Dynamic distributed tower receiver system for collecting, aiming and receiving solar radiation
US20130220303A1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-08-29 Philipp Schramek Central receiver solar system comprising a heliostat field
EP2708744A1 (de) 2012-09-12 2014-03-19 Wieghardt, Kai Solarthermie-Anlage
US20140251315A1 (en) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-11 Rajeev Pandit Method and apparatus for orienting arrays of mechanically linked heliostats for focusing the incident sunlight on a stationary object
US20160084529A1 (en) * 2013-04-22 2016-03-24 Xiaodong Xiang Apparatus and method for high efficiency fixed target solar thermal concentrator power plants
US9528724B1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2016-12-27 Solarreserve Technology, Llc Apparatus and method for configuring heliostat fields
CN107145473A (zh) * 2017-05-16 2017-09-08 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种定日镜面型微弧角度的计算方法
CN110113003A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-09 河海大学常州校区 一种计算双面光伏组件背面辐照不均匀度的方法

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JP2013174363A (ja) * 2010-08-05 2013-09-05 Cosmo Oil Co Ltd 太陽光集光システムおよびヘリオスタットの配置方法
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WO2013065667A1 (ja) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-10 三菱重工業株式会社 ヘリオスタット制御方法、ヘリオスタット制御装置、集熱設備、太陽熱集熱装置の運転方法、及び太陽熱集熱装置
CN102374141B (zh) * 2011-11-11 2013-03-20 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 一种用于塔式太阳能热发电系统的定日镜镜场
JP5902058B2 (ja) * 2012-07-23 2016-04-13 住友重機械工業株式会社 太陽集光システム及び太陽熱発電システム
CN102830715B (zh) * 2012-08-17 2017-04-05 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 一种光斑实时可调的定日镜调节方法
CN103019220B (zh) * 2012-12-26 2015-09-30 首航节能光热技术股份有限公司 用于塔式太阳能热电站的定日镜分区控制系统
CN104697196B (zh) * 2013-12-08 2017-09-12 首航节能光热技术股份有限公司 塔式太阳能集热装置中的吸热器能流密度调节方法
CN103713649A (zh) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-09 合肥工业大学 一种反射式多平面镜太阳能聚光跟踪控制系统及控制方法
CN105674588A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2016-06-15 上海晶电新能源有限公司 一种多二次反射塔共焦点的太阳能光热镜场系统
CN105841369B (zh) * 2016-04-08 2018-01-19 华电电力科学研究院 一种塔式太阳能定日镜场聚焦的控制方法
CN110030741B (zh) * 2019-03-19 2020-05-05 南京师范大学 一种塔式太阳能二次反射系统中二次反射镜的校正方法

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US20130220303A1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-08-29 Philipp Schramek Central receiver solar system comprising a heliostat field
US9097438B2 (en) * 2010-08-20 2015-08-04 Philipp Schramek Central receiver solar system comprising a heliostat field
US20120192857A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 Google Inc. Heliostat Assignment in a Multi-Tower Field
US20120304981A1 (en) * 2011-06-01 2012-12-06 Rolf Miles Olsen Dynamic distributed tower receiver system for collecting, aiming and receiving solar radiation
US9528724B1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2016-12-27 Solarreserve Technology, Llc Apparatus and method for configuring heliostat fields
EP2708744A1 (de) 2012-09-12 2014-03-19 Wieghardt, Kai Solarthermie-Anlage
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CN107145473A (zh) * 2017-05-16 2017-09-08 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种定日镜面型微弧角度的计算方法
CN110113003A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-09 河海大学常州校区 一种计算双面光伏组件背面辐照不均匀度的方法

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