WO2010013632A1 - マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法 - Google Patents
マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010013632A1 WO2010013632A1 PCT/JP2009/063154 JP2009063154W WO2010013632A1 WO 2010013632 A1 WO2010013632 A1 WO 2010013632A1 JP 2009063154 W JP2009063154 W JP 2009063154W WO 2010013632 A1 WO2010013632 A1 WO 2010013632A1
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- heliostat
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
- F24S2050/25—Calibration means; Methods for initial positioning of solar concentrators or solar receivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1822—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors comprising means for aligning the optical axis
- G02B7/1824—Manual alignment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing the concentration efficiency of solar energy in a multi-tower beam down type condensing system.
- solar thermal energy is very promising as an alternative to fossil fuels because of its abundance (potential energy resources).
- the solar thermal energy intensity is about 1 kW / m 2 depending on the location, but the thermal energy of sunlight can be sufficiently utilized as an energy source for operating a thermochemical reaction plant, a power plant, and the like.
- solar thermal energy In order to use solar thermal energy as an energy source, it must be efficiently converted into chemical energy or electrical energy, but in order to increase the conversion efficiency, sunlight must be efficiently collected.
- the position of the sun relative to a certain point on the ground changes with the passage of time due to the rotation of the earth. Therefore, in order to collect sunlight and efficiently collect solar energy, the sun must be tracked.
- a device that tracks the sun is called a heliostat.
- the heliostat In order to condense sunlight and obtain thermal energy efficiently, the heliostat must track the position of the sun accurately. Since the energy obtained by condensing sunlight is theoretically proportional to the total area of the mirror surface of the heliostat, as a problem when installing a heliostat, the mirror surface of the heliostat is necessary to obtain a large amount of energy. It is necessary to increase the area or increase the number of heliostats.
- the individual heliostats track the sun and control the attitude of each heliostat while reflecting the reflected sunlight received by each heliostat. It must be focused on a point.
- the tower-top type condensing system is composed of a heliostat group and a receiver installed on the tower top, and is a system that condenses the light reflected by the heliostat group on the tower-top receiver.
- the system is composed of a heliostat group, a reflector installed on the tower top, and a receiver installed on the ground. The system reflects the sunlight first reflected by the heliostat group secondarily with the reflector and concentrates it on the receiver. It is.
- tower top type condensing systems are classified into three types: flat receiver type, cavity receiver type, and cylindrical receiver type, depending on the shape of the receiver (heat collector).
- flat receiver type a flat receiver (collector) is placed vertically and northward (in the case of the northern hemisphere) at the top of the tower, and the heliostat is placed only on the north side of the tower to reflect the reflected light.
- the cavity receiver type a cavity-type receiver (heat collector) is placed on the top of the tower so that the opening faces diagonally downward toward the north (in the case of the northern hemisphere), and the heliostat is placed only on the north side of the tower and reflects.
- the collected light is collected on a tower receiver.
- the cylindrical receiver type is a type in which a cylindrical heat collector is arranged at the top of the tower, and the heliostat is arranged around the tower to collect the light reflected from each heliostat on the tower receiver. is there.
- the beam-down condensing system is composed of a heliostat group, a reflector, and a receiver.
- the light primarily reflected by the heliostat group is secondarily reflected by the reflector at the top of the tower, and the reflected light is reflected.
- This is a system for condensing light to a receiver installed in the lower part of the tower (ground).
- a heliostat can be arranged around the tower to collect light from the periphery of the tower (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- two or more towers can be installed at intervals between heliostats distributed on the ground, and this is called a multi-tower beam-down condensing system. .
- a cylindrical receiver type tower-top type condensing system it is possible to install two or more towers at intervals between heliostats distributed on the ground. It is called a top-type condensing system.
- the multi-tower tower-top type condensing system When the functions of the multi-tower tower-top type condensing system and the multi-tower beam-down type condensing system are compared, in the multi-tower tower-top type condensing system, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the heliostat group when the sun is on the east side, it can be seen that there is a large difference in the amount of collected light between the east side and the west side of the receiver (heat collector) at the top of the tower.
- the multi-tower beam-down condensing system is more advantageous than the multi-tower tower-top condensing system.
- the multi-tower beam-down type condensing system is advantageous, it is only a problem compared to the heat collecting efficiency of the multi-tower tower-top type condensing system.
- the problem to be solved is that even though the multi-tower beam-down focusing system is more advantageous than the multi-tower tower-top focusing system, it is a problem compared to the multi-tower tower-top focusing system. Thus, there is room for further improvement in the multi-tower beam-down condensing system.
- the present invention is characterized in that, in a multi-tower beam-down condensing system, the tower that the heliostat reflects is selected according to the position of the sun and the amount of condensing is increased.
- the present invention is a method for concentrating sunlight in a multi-tower beam-down condensing system having a tower selection process
- the multi-tower beam-down condensing system in a field where a plurality of beam-down condensing towers exist, the light primarily reflected from the heliostat around each tower is secondarily reflected by a reflector at the top of the tower, It is a method of condensing on the receiver on the ground,
- the tower selection process determines the amount of light received at the receiver of the tower when a heliostat at an arbitrary position receives sunlight and collects the sunlight on two arbitrarily selected towers. This is a process of comparing and comparing the tower with the larger received light amount and condensing sunlight on the tower.
- the heliostat is viewed from the heliostat. Compare the angle between the direction vector of the incident light and the direction vector of the reflected light, determine the size of the angle between the direction vector of the incident light viewed from the heliostat and the direction vector of the reflected light, and determine the incident light viewed from the heliostat.
- the tower with the smaller angle formed by the direction vector of the reflected light and the direction vector of the reflected light can be determined to be a tower having a relatively large amount of received light, and the tower can be selected.
- solar energy of solar energy can be selected by causing each heliostat distributed on the ground to select a tower on which reflected sunlight is collected. Conversion efficiency can be increased.
- the purpose of selecting the tower that receives the largest amount of light when a heliostat receives solar light at an arbitrary position is to determine the amount of light received at the receiver of the tower, It was realized by determining the relationship between the position and the tower to be selected and controlling the heliostat.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of a beam down type condensing system as a sunlight condensing system using a heliostat.
- the beam-down condensing system is composed of a combination of a heliostat 1, 1,... Group distributed on the ground, and a tower 4 including a reflector 2 and a receiver 3. ing.
- the reflector 2 is a reflecting mirror installed at the upper focal position of the upper portion of the tower 4, and the receiver 3 is installed facing the reflector 2 at the lower focal position of the lower portion (ground) of the tower 4.
- the beam-down condensing system is a system in which the sunlight first reflected by the heliostat 1 is secondarily reflected by the reflector 2 and condensed on the receiver 3.
- the heliostat (primary reflecting mirror) 1 is a device that can direct the mirror 5 in an arbitrary direction and reflect sunlight in the direction in which the mirror 5 is directed, as shown in FIG.
- the reflecting mirror (secondary reflecting mirror) 2 is a device for reflecting again the sunlight b1 reflected from the heliostat 1 toward the receiver 3 by the mirror surface 6 as shown in FIG.
- the reflector 2 includes a rotary hyperboloid type and a segment type.
- the receiver 3 is a condenser that receives the condensed light, and is classified into a planar type, a cylindrical type, a cavity type, and the like depending on the shape thereof.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of the configuration of a multi-tower beam-down condensing system.
- the tower 4 and the surrounding heliostats 1, 1,... Are combined, but in the present invention, the tower targeted by each heliostat, Since the combination with the stat is not necessarily specified, the form is that the towers were installed at regular intervals between the heliostats 1, 1,... It is in shape.
- each heliostat 1 selects a specific tower 4 from among several towers 4 established in the vicinity so that the amount of light received by the receiver is the largest, and the selected specific tower The reflected light of the sun is irradiated toward the reflector 2 of 4. This is called tower selection processing.
- the tower selection process is performed when the heliostat 1 at an arbitrary position receives sunlight and reflects the sunlight to the two towers 4 and 4 that are arbitrarily selected. Is a process of comparing the magnitude of the received light amount and selecting the tower 4 having the relatively large received light amount and reflecting the sunlight to the tower 4.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows the relationship between the heliostats 1 distributed on the ground and the towers selected by each heliostat 1 group in a certain time zone.
- the large circle shows the tower 4 with the reflector 2 and the receiver 3, and the small circle, triangle, and square around it are the heliostats 1 and are displayed in the large circle.
- the symbols “circle”, “triangle”, and “square” indicate that the tower is selected by the heliostat 1 having the same symbol.
- each group of heliostats is arranged vertically and horizontally, but if you look at a set of heliostats that aim at the same tower, each group forms a hexagon and collects light at its lower right position.
- the tower 4 is located, if it sees about each heliostat, each heliostat 1 was selected by the selection process of a tower irrespective of the distance to a tower as shown in FIG.4 (b). Sunlight is reflected toward the tower, and the selected tower 4 collects the sunlight received by the reflector 2 on the receiver 3 on the ground.
- the condensed sunlight is stored in molten salt through a receiver (heat collector) and used for various purposes.
- a receiver heat collector
- chemical energy fuel is produced through an endothermic chemical reaction by a chemical energy conversion receiver (chemical energy conversion heat collector).
- the attitude of the heliostat 1 is controlled, and the attitude is controlled by a calendar type and / or a sensor type described below. .
- the calendar formula is a method of calculating the direction vector of the heliostat from the coordinates of the heliostat, the target coordinates, and the direction vector of the sun, and controlling the attitude so as to face the direction. Is calculated from the latitude, longitude, and time. This calculation can be performed independently for each heliostat or on a computer that centrally manages a plurality of heliostats.
- the sensor type is a method in which the attitude of the heliostat is controlled by a reflected light sensor provided in each heliostat. This method can be controlled with high accuracy because it is not affected by the heliostat attitude or the control mechanism error.
- each heliostat requires the same number of sensors as the number of towers that can be selected, and the sensitivity range of the sensor is limited. Used in combination with the method.
- Step S3 Control the heliostat to the attitude obtained based on the value obtained in step S2.
- the sun when the sun is at an arbitrary position, if the heliostat at an arbitrary position condenses on an arbitrary tower, the amount of light collected at the receiver of the tower is not necessarily measured, It is possible to calculate in advance using a condensing simulator and obtain the relationship between the sun position and the tower to be selected.
- the sunlight reflected by the heliostat 1 is re-reflected by the reflector 2 of the tower 4 and collected by the receiver 3.
- the amount of light received by the heliostat 1 and the amount of light received by the receiver 3 are not the same, but decrease due to various factors.
- the amount of light received by the receiver 3 is obtained in consideration of these factors by performing a light collection calculation.
- Condensation calculation is performed according to the procedure of the following steps, for example, by a ray tracing method that tracks the rays of the sun one by one.
- the light ray means a collection of three elements, that is, a passing point (one point on a light ray including a starting point and an end point) p, a direction vector v, and an intensity e.
- Step T2 It is determined whether or not the light beam hits a certain heliostat (cosine factor).
- Step T3 It is determined whether the light beam is shielded by other heliostats and other obstacles before reaching the heliostat (shadowing).
- Step T4 Reflect the light beam with a heliostat (primary reflected light beam) (attenuation due to reflectivity / cleanliness, variation in reflection angle due to mirror installation error, etc.)
- Step T5 It is determined whether the primary reflected light is blocked by other heliostats and other obstacles (blocking).
- Step T6 It is determined whether or not the primary reflected light ray hits the reflector (leakage at the reflector).
- Step T7 The primary reflected light beam is reflected by the central reflecting mirror (secondary reflected light beam) (reflectance, cleanliness, attenuation by air, reflection angle variation due to mirror installation error, etc.).
- Step T8 It is determined whether or not the secondary reflected light enters the receiver aperture (leakage at the receiver).
- Step T9 The secondary reflected light reaches the receiver (attenuation by air).
- Step T10 The above is repeated.
- the process to select can be performed using a simulator.
- a receiver received light amount calculation process after performing a receiver received light amount calculation process, a tower selection whole sky division process, and a receiver received light amount comparison process using a condensing simulator, the result of these processes
- the tower selection process is performed based on the above, and in the tower selection process, the tower is selected when the sun is at an arbitrary position, and sunlight is condensed on the selected tower.
- the received light amount calculation process is a process for calculating the received light amount when the heliostat reflects toward each tower when the sun is at an arbitrary position
- the whole sky division process is a process of dividing the whole sky with the position where the received light amount to each adjacent tower is the same as the boundary from the result of the receiver received light amount calculation process
- the received light amount comparison process is a process that shows a tower having a large received light amount by comparing the received light amount for each area of the whole sky divided by the whole sky dividing process.
- the tower selection process based on the result of the received light amount comparison process, when the sun is at a certain position, the tower that is determined to have a large amount of received light is selected, and the sunlight is directed toward the selected tower.
- the attitude of the heliostat is controlled so as to reflect, and the sunlight received by the heliostat is reflected to the selected tower.
- Receiver received light amount calculation processing The amount of received light at the receiver of each tower when the sun is at a position of an arbitrary solar altitude and arbitrary solar orientation was obtained by calculation, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- Azimuth is the solar azimuth angle (deg)
- Elevation is the solar altitude angle (deg)
- H1ref is the amount of reflection when focused on the tower 4L
- H1rec is the amount of received light when reflected on the tower 4L
- H2ref is A heliostat reflection amount when reflected on the tower 4R
- H2rec indicate a received light amount of the receiver when reflected on the tower 4R.
- the east is the origin (0 degree)
- the north is 90 degrees
- the west is 180 degrees
- the south is 270 degrees.
- the amount of heliostat reflection is shown for reference.
- Table 3 shows the conversion from Table 2 to polar coordinates with the zenith at 0 degrees. (The altitude angle is 0 degrees for the horizon, 90 degrees for the zenith, and the polar coordinates are 0 degrees for the zenith and 90 degrees for the horizon.) Table 3 shows the polar coordinates plotted in FIG. Here, the circle indicates the whole sky. The center is the zenith and the surroundings are horizons.
- the sun is at the dotted line
- the amount of light received by the receiver at each tower is equal when the heliostat is reflected toward each tower.
- the sun is at the solid line, the heliostat is directed toward each tower. The amount of reflection at the heliostat is equal when reflected. In actual cases, a more accurate diagram can be created by reducing the interval between the azimuth angle and altitude angle in this calculation.
- Receiver received light amount comparison processing The received light amount (H1rec, H2rec) of each tower with respect to the azimuth angle of the sun is compared to determine the magnitude.
- Table 1 it can be seen from Table 1 that when the azimuth angle is 0, 30, 60, 90, 240, 270, 300, and 330 degrees, the received light amount H1rec is always smaller than the received light amount H2rec.
- the tower 4R should always be selected.
- the solar altitude at which the received light amount is the same is assumed to be 0 degree.
- FIG. 7 shows a tower where the amount of light received by the tower is large in each divided area of the sky.
- the amount of light collected decreases due to various factors in the light calculation, but it is also possible to perform tower selection processing considering only the cosine factor, in which case the sun, each upper focus, It can be said that the control is performed so that the angle between the two becomes smaller.
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed between the sun S viewed from an arbitrary heliostat 1 and one neighboring tower 4a and the other tower 4b near the sun S are formed.
- the tower 4a is selected to substantially maximize the amount of reflection at the heliostat and to effectively use the energy of sunlight.
- the amount of light received at the receiver is determined by many other factors. Therefore, in this case, the amount of collected light is reduced as compared to the case where the tower selection process is strictly performed using the condensing simulator.
- the direct vertical solar radiation intensity (DNI) is 1.0 kW / m 2
- Y 100 m.
- Heliostats had a mirror area of 1.0 m 2 and 30 were placed between both towers. Heliostat blocking and shadowing were not considered.
- Fig. 9 shows the amount of reflected energy of the heliostat in one day.
- ⁇ indicates the amount of reflected energy when the heliostat is focused on the left tower
- ⁇ indicates the amount of reflected energy when the heliostat is focused on the right tower.
- the ⁇ mark indicates the amount of reflected energy when the tower is selected as needed so that the angle between the reflector (upper focal point) and the sun as seen from the heliostat becomes smaller.
- FIG. 10 shows the ratio of the amount of reflected energy increased by selecting a tower. As is clear from these results, it was found that the amount of reflected energy of each heliostat in the day increased by 5% to 22% by the tower selection process compared to the single tower condensing system. In addition, the rate of increase was found to be highest for the heliostat at the midpoint of the two towers.
- FIG. 11 shows the amount of reflected energy of the heliostat in one day.
- the towers are on both sides of the rectangular field.
- (A) is the amount of reflected energy in the case of a single tower condensing system.
- (B) is when the tower is selected at any time so that the angle between the reflector (upper focal point) viewed from the heliostat and the sun becomes smaller. The amount of reflected energy is shown. In this figure, it was found that the area of the area where the reflection amount by one heliostat is 10.5 kWh or more is about 13 times that of the single tower condensing system.
- the light collection calculation is performed and the tower selection process is performed.
- the calculation result can be used for controlling the operation of the heliostat, but it can also be used during the operation by simultaneously proceeding with the high-speed calculation processing of the condensing simulator during the operation of the heliostat.
- the process of selecting the tower with the larger light collection amount is performed by determining the amount of light collection at the receiver of any two nearby towers. You can also.
- the receiver received light amount calculation processing is performed by the condensing simulator, and the tower selection processing is performed based on the result of the receiver received light amount comparison processing. Since it is performed, the all-sky division process may be applied as necessary.
- Sunlight is a clean energy source that has a huge amount of energy and is free from environmental pollution as a renewable energy source.
- Sunlight enables the production of fuel using concentrated solar thermal energy for endothermic reaction of chemical reaction, and the collection of dilute solar energy as a solar thermal power generation system, which enables the stable supply of generated power.
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Abstract
Description
マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムは、複数のビームダウン式集光タワーが存在するフィールドにおいて、各タワーの周りのヘリオスタットから1次反射された光をタワーの上部のリフレクターで2次反射させ、地上のレシーバに集光する方式であり、
タワーの選択処理は、任意の位置にあるヘリオスタットが、太陽光を受光して任意に選んだ2本のタワーにそれぞれ太陽光を集光したときに、タワーのレシーバにおける受光量の大きさを比較し、相対的に受光量が大きい方のタワーを選択して当該タワーに太陽光を集光させる処理である。
カレンダー式は、ヘリオスタットの座標、的の座標、太陽の方向ベクトルからヘリオスタットの方向ベクトルを計算し、その方向を向くように姿勢を制御する方法のうち、太陽の方向ベクトルを緯度、経度、時刻から計算によって求める方法である。この計算はヘリオスタットごとに独立して行うことも、複数のヘリオスタットを集中管理するコンピュータ上で行うこともできる。
センサー式は、各ヘリオスタットに備え付けられた反射光センサーによりヘリオスタットの姿勢を制御する方法である。この方法はヘリオスタットの姿勢や制御機構の誤差の影響を受けることがないため精度良く制御することが可能である。ただし、センサー式を用いる場合は選択しうるタワーの数と同数のセンサーが各ヘリオスタットに必要となり、またセンサーの感度範囲に制限があるため、この方式単独での運転は難しく、通常はカレンダー式の方法と組み合わせて使用される。
ヘリオスタットからみた太陽の方向ベクトルをS、タワーの狙う点への方向ベクトルをFとし、以下のステップにしたがって計算を行う。
ステップS1:下式に従ってヘリオスタット方向ベクトル(法線ベクトル)Nを求める。
N=(S+F)/|S+F|
ステップS2:ヘリオスタットの姿勢は方位角Aと高度角Eで制御されるのでそれぞれの値を求める。
E=asin(N.z)
A=atan(N.y/N.x) (Aの範囲は0度~360度とする)
ステップS3:ステップS2に得られた値に基づいてヘリオスタットを求めた姿勢に制御する。
ステップS4:以上のステップを太陽の方向ベクトルの変化に伴い繰り返し、太陽の方向ベクトルの変化に合せてヘリオスタットの姿勢を順次変化させる。
このとき光線とは通過点(起点、終点を含む光線上の一点)p、方向ベクトルv、強度e、の3要素をまとめたものをいう。
集光計算方法(ある太陽位置における集光計算)の手順
ステップT1:太陽表面の任意の位置(太陽が点光源ではなく面光源なため)から出て任意の位置に到達する光線について追跡する(初期光線ベクトルの決定)。
ステップT2:光線が或るヘリオスタットに当たるかどうかの判別を行う(コサインファクター)。
ステップT3:光線が当該ヘリオスタットに到達する前に他のヘリオスタットおよびその他の障害物によって遮蔽されているかの判断を行う(シャドウイング)。
ステップT4:光線をヘリオスタットで反射させる(1次反射光線)(反射率・清浄度による減衰、鏡の設置誤差などによる反射角度の変異。)
ステップT5:1次反射光線が他のヘリオスタットおよびその他の障害物によって遮蔽されているかの判断を行う(ブロッキング)。
ステップT6:1次反射光線がリフレクターに当たるかどうかの判断を行う(リフレクターでの漏れ)。
ステップT7:1次反射光線を中央反射鏡で反射させる(2次反射光線)(反射率・清浄度・空気による減衰、鏡の設置誤差などによる反射角度の変異)。
ステップT8:2次反射光線がレシーバ開口に入るかどうかの判別を行う(レシーバでの漏れ)。
ステップT9:2次反射光線がレシーバに到達する(空気による減衰)。
ステップT10:以上を繰り返す。
レシーバ受光量算出処理は、任意の位置に太陽がある時にヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合の受光量を計算によって求める処理であり、
全天分割処理は、レシーバ受光量算出処理の結果から隣接するそれぞれのタワーへの受光量が同じになる位置を境界とした全天の分割を行う処理であり、
レシーバ受光量比較処理は、全天分割処理で分割された全天の各領域について、レシーバ受光量の比較を行い受光量の大きいタワーを示す処理である。
タワーの選択処理においては、レシーバ受光量比較処理の結果に基づいて、太陽が或る位置にある時に、受光量が大きいと判断されたタワーを選択し、選択されたタワーに向けて太陽光を反射するようにヘリオスタットの姿勢を制御し、当該ヘリオスタットが受光した太陽光を選択されたタワーに反射させる。
・計算条件
タワー位置:タワー4L(‐150, 0, 100)、タワー4R(150, 0, 100)
ヘリオスタット位置:(50, 50, 0)
ヘリオスタット焦点距離設定:150m
(ヘリオスタットの反射光が像を結ぶ距離:ヘリオスタットは複数のファセットミラーで疑似凹面鏡を形成している)。
ここで円は全天を示す。中心が天頂であり周囲が地平となる。点線の位置に太陽がある時は、ヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合の各タワーでのレシーバ受光量が等しくなり、実線の位置に太陽がある時は、ヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合のヘリオスタットでの反射量が等しくなる。実際の場合には、この計算の方位角および高度角の間隔を小さくすることでより正確な図を作成することができる。
2 リフレクター
3 レシーバ
4 タワー
5 鏡
6 鏡面
Claims (7)
- タワーの選択処理を有するマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法であって、
マルチタワービームダウン式集光システムは、複数のビームダウン式集光タワーが存在するフィールドにおいて、ヘリオスタットから1次反射された光をタワーの上部のリフレクターで2次反射させ、地上のレシーバに集光する方式であり、
タワーの選択処理は、任意の位置にあるヘリオスタットが、太陽光を受光して任意に選んだ2本のタワーにそれぞれ太陽光を反射したときに、タワーのレシーバにおける受光量の大きさを比較し、相対的に受光量が大きい方のタワーを選択して当該タワーに太陽光を反射させる処理であることを特徴とするマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。 - 前記タワーの選択処理は、任意の位置にあるヘリオスタットが、太陽光を受光して任意に選んだ2本のタワーにそれぞれ太陽光を反射したときに、ヘリオスタットから見た入射光の方向ベクトルと反射光の方向ベクトルのなす角を比較し、ヘリオスタットから見た入射光の方向ベクトルと反射光の方向ベクトルのなす角の大小を判断し、ヘリオスタットから見た入射光の方向ベクトルと反射光の方向ベクトルのなす角が小さい方のタワーが相対的に受光量が大きいタワーであると判断して、当該タワーを選択する処理であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。
- 前記タワーの選択処理は、レシーバ受光量算出処理と、全天分割処理と、レシーバ受光量の比較処理との結果に基づいて行われる処理であり、
前記レシーバ受光量算出処理は、任意の位置に太陽がある時に或るヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合の各レシーバ受光量を計算によって求める処理であり、
前記全天分割処理は、レシーバ受光量算出処理の結果から当該ヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合の各レシーバ受光量が同じになる全天の境界線を求め、その境界線により全天を分割する処理であり、
前記レシーバ受光量比較処理は、全天分割処理で分割された全天の各領域について、当該ヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合のそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量の比較を行い、タワーが受ける受光量の大小を判断する処理であり、
前記タワーの選択処理は、レシーバ受光量比較処理の結果に基づいて、太陽が或る位置にある時に、いずれのタワーを選択するかを判断し、受光量が大きいと判断されたタワーに向けて太陽光を反射するようにヘリオスタットの姿勢を制御し、当該ヘリオスタットが受光した太陽光を選択されたタワーに反射させる処理であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。 - 前記レシーバ受光量算出処理は、任意の太陽方位、任意の太陽高度の位置に太陽がある時にヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合のそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量を計算によって求める処理であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。
- 前記レシーバ受光量算出処理は、任意の太陽方位、任意の太陽高度の位置に太陽がある時にヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合のそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量を計算によって求める処理であり、
前記全天分割処理は、任意の太陽方位について隣接するそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量が同じになる太陽高度を求めることで、隣接するそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量が同じになる境界線を求め、その境界線により全天を分割する処理であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。 - 前記タワーの選択処理は、レシーバ受光量算出処理と、レシーバ受光量の比較処理との結果に基づいて行われる処理であり、
レシーバ受光量算出処理は、或る位置に太陽がある時に或るヘリオスタットが各タワーに向けて反射した場合のそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量を計算によって求める処理であり、
レシーバ受光量比較処理は、レシーバ受光量算出処理の結果から、各タワーに向けて反射した場合のそれぞれのタワーのレシーバが受ける受光量を比較する処理であり、
タワーの選択処理は、レシーバ受光量比較処理の結果から、いずれのタワーを選択するかを判断し、レシーバが受ける受光量が大きいと判断されたタワーに向けて選択されたタワーに向けて太陽光を反射させるようにヘリオスタットの姿勢を制御し、当該ヘリオスタットが受光した太陽光を選択されたタワーに反射させる処理であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。 - 地上に分散して配置されたヘリオスタット群の間に間隔をおいて2以上のタワーが設置され、それぞれのヘリオスタットは、前記タワーの選択処理に従って、レシーバが受ける受光量が最も大きくなるような特定のタワーを選択するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマルチタワービームダウン式集光システムにおける太陽光の集光方法。
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2008
- 2008-07-31 JP JP2008197955A patent/JP2010038370A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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2009
- 2009-07-23 AU AU2009277681A patent/AU2009277681A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-23 CN CN2009801305663A patent/CN102112822A/zh active Pending
- 2009-07-23 US US13/056,367 patent/US20110259320A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-07-23 WO PCT/JP2009/063154 patent/WO2010013632A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-07-23 EP EP09802875A patent/EP2320154A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2011
- 2011-01-30 IL IL210941A patent/IL210941A0/en unknown
- 2011-02-22 MA MA33635A patent/MA32578B1/fr unknown
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JP2012002494A (ja) * | 2010-05-18 | 2012-01-05 | Mitaka Koki Co Ltd | 太陽熱式空気加熱装置 |
WO2012018054A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-09 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 太陽光集光システムおよびヘリオスタットの配置方法 |
JP2013545635A (ja) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-12-26 | クリース,カール ボン | 太陽熱による加熱製造用システム、方法および装置 |
WO2012133135A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 太陽熱発電設備、この設備に含まれるヘリオスタットの制御方法、この方法を実行する制御装置 |
WO2013065667A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ヘリオスタット制御方法、ヘリオスタット制御装置、集熱設備、太陽熱集熱装置の運転方法、及び太陽熱集熱装置 |
WO2014017171A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-01-30 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 太陽集光システム及び太陽熱発電システム |
JP2014020749A (ja) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-02-03 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | 太陽集光システム及び太陽熱発電システム |
CN102830715A (zh) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-12-19 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | 一种光斑实时可调的定日镜及其调节方法 |
CN105841369A (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2016-08-10 | 华电电力科学研究院 | 一种塔式太阳能定日镜场聚焦的控制方法 |
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AU2009277681A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
JP2010038370A (ja) | 2010-02-18 |
CN102112822A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
MA32578B1 (fr) | 2011-08-01 |
IL210941A0 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US20110259320A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
EP2320154A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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