US20110073527A1 - Process for Removing Nitrogen Compounds from a Hydrocarbon Stream - Google Patents
Process for Removing Nitrogen Compounds from a Hydrocarbon Stream Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110073527A1 US20110073527A1 US12/889,807 US88980710A US2011073527A1 US 20110073527 A1 US20110073527 A1 US 20110073527A1 US 88980710 A US88980710 A US 88980710A US 2011073527 A1 US2011073527 A1 US 2011073527A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- diolefin
- hydrocarbon feed
- feed stream
- hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- -1 diolefin compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 6
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CN1CCOCC1 LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LBNXAWYDQUGHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1C HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001038 basic metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KNRQFACTBMDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 KNRQFACTBMDELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylbenzene Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material
- C10G25/03—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
- C10G25/05—Removal of non-hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. sulfur compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/12—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
- C07C7/13—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B63/00—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material
- C10G25/03—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents with ion-exchange material with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1088—Olefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1096—Aromatics or polyaromatics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for removing nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. More particularly, this invention relates to the use of a selective adsorption process for removing nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon stream.
- Aromatic conversion reactions of considerable commercial importance include the alkylation of aromatic compounds such as in the production of ethyltoluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, cumene, or higher alkyl aromatics and in disproportionation reactions such as toluene disproportionation, xylene isomerization, or the transalkylation of polyalkylbenzenes to monoalkylbenzenes.
- the feedstock to such an aromatic conversion process will include an aromatic component or alkylation substrate, such as benzene, and a C 2 to C 20 olefin alkylating agent or a polyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbon transalkylating agent.
- an aromatic component or alkylation substrate such as benzene
- a C 2 to C 20 olefin alkylating agent or a polyalkyl aromatic hydrocarbon transalkylating agent may be reacted over an alkylation catalyst to produce alkylated aromatics, e.g. cumene or ethylbenzene.
- alkylation substrate may be provided by other process units including the separation section of a styrene process unit.
- Polyalkylated benzenes are separated from monoalkylated benzene product and recycled to a transalkylation zone and contacted with benzene over a transalkylation catalyst to yield monoalkylated benzenes and benzene.
- Catalysts for aromatic conversion processes generally comprise zeolitic molecular sieves.
- zeolite beta U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,458
- zeolite Y zeolite omega and zeolite beta
- X, Y, L, B, ZSM-5 and Omega crystal types U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,040
- X, Y, ultrastable Y, L, Omega, and mordenite zeolites U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,377)
- UZM-8 zeolites U.S. Pat. No. 6,756,030 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,091,390.
- the aromatic feed stream to aromatic conversion processes often contains nitrogen compounds, including weakly basic organic nitrogen compounds such as nitriles, that can, even at ppm and ppb levels, cumulatively act to poison the downstream aromatic conversion catalysts such as aromatic alkylation catalysts and significantly shorten their useful life.
- Use of a variety of zeolitic or molecular sieve guard beds to remove one or more types of nitrogen compounds from an aromatic hydrocarbon stream upstream of an aromatic conversion process are known in the art. Examples include: U.S. Pat. No. 7,205,448; U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,099; WO 00/35836; WO 01/07383; U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,962; U.S. Pat. No.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,205,448 discloses an acidic molecular sieve adsorbent preferentially adsorbs water and basic organic nitrogen compounds over weakly basic organic nitrogen compounds such as nitrites at lower temperatures and elevated temperatures improve the capacity of acidic molecular sieve adsorbents to adsorb nitrites in the presence of water.
- unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as olefinic compounds, and particularly diolefins
- adsorbents e.g. nitrogen adsorptive zeolites or molecular sieves
- unsaturated aliphatic, e.g. olefinic, compounds are present in aromatic process streams contaminated with nitrogen compounds, including benzene streams generated in styrene process separation sections and other streams requiring removal of the nitrogen compounds prior to being contacted with a catalyst or other material susceptible to nitrogen poisoning.
- the invention relates to methods for removing nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon stream while minimizing the adsorption and/or reaction of unsaturated aliphatic compounds, e.g. olefins and diolefins that are present in the hydrocarbon stream.
- unsaturated aliphatic compounds e.g. olefins and diolefins that are present in the hydrocarbon stream.
- the invention enables longer adsorbent life which minimizes the need to regenerate or replace the adsorbent.
- the invention may also be used in existing guard bed systems without the need for additional equipment.
- the invention is a process for removing nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising an aromatic compound, an organic nitrogen compound, and a diolefin compound, the process comprising: contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an adsorbent at nitrogen removal conditions to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower nitrogen content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the adsorbent comprises a zeolite component, an alumina component and a metal component (Madd); the alumina component ranging an amount from about 40 wt % to about 90 wt % of the adsorbent, and the metal component ranging in an amount from about 0.015 moles to 0.08 moles of the metal as the oxide per 100 g of the adsorbent.
- Madd metal component
- the process has a nitrogen to diolefin removal greater than 1 on a relative mass percent basis.
- a diolefin content of the hydrocarbon effluent stream is at least 30% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- a nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon effluent stream is no more than about 50% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream and a diolefin content of the hydrocarbon effluent stream is at least 30% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the invention relates to methods for removing nitrogen from a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with an adsorbent at nitrogen removal conditions to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower nitrogen content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream of the invention comprises an aromatic compound, an organic nitrogen compound and a diolefin compound.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon may be selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and substituted derivatives thereof, with benzene and its derivatives being preferred aromatic compounds.
- the aromatic compound may have one or more of the substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, and alkoxy groups whose alkyl group also contains from 1 up to 20 carbon atoms.
- substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl groups, and alkoxy groups whose alkyl group also contains from 1 up to 20 carbon atoms.
- the substituent is an alkyl or alkoxy group
- a phenyl group can also be substituted on the alkyl chain.
- alkylatable aromatic compounds examples include biphenyl, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, octylbenzene, etc.; phenol, cresol, anisole, ethoxy-, propoxy-, butoxy-, pentoxy-, hexoxybenzene, and so forth.
- Sources of benzene, toluene, xylene, and or other feed aromatics include product streams from naphtha reforming units, aromatic extraction units, recycle streams from styrene monomer production units, and petrochemical complexes for the producing para-xylene and other aromatics.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream may comprise more one or more aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
- the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed stream ranges from about 5 mass % to about 99.9 mass % of the hydrocarbon feed.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream may comprise between about 50 mass % and about 99.9 mass % benzene.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream comprises one or more organic nitrogen compounds.
- Organic nitrogen compounds typically include a larger proportion of basic nitrogen compounds such as indoles, pyridines, quinolines, diethanol amine (DEA), morpholines including N-formyl-morpholine (NFM) and N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- Organic nitrogen compounds may also include weakly basic nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile, and mixtures thereof.
- the basic organic nitrogen compounds are adsorbed well on conventional clay or resin adsorbent guard beds.
- the invention does not require but encompasses use of an optional basic nitrogen adsorption zone containing an adsorbent to remove basic organic nitrogen compounds from the hydrocarbon stream as is known in the art.
- the concentration of organic nitrogen compounds in the hydrocarbon feed ranges from about 30 ppb-wt (parts per billion by weight) to about 1 mole % of the hydrocarbon feed; the concentration of organic nitrogen compounds may range from about 100 ppb-wt to about 100 ppm-wt (parts per million by weight) of the hydrocarbon feed.
- the concentration of weakly basic organic nitrogen compounds such as nitriles in the hydrocarbon feed ranges from about 30 ppb-wt to about 100 ppm-wt of the hydrocarbon feed;
- the hydrocarbon feed stream comprises one or more diolefin compounds, including for example diolefins having 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, i.e. C 4 to C 6 diolefins.
- the concentration of diolefin compounds in the hydrocarbon feed ranges from about 30 ppb-wt to about 3000 ppm-wt of the hydrocarbon feed; and the concentration of diolefin compounds may range from about 50 ppb-wt to about 2000 ppm-wt of the hydrocarbon feed.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream may comprise other olefins such as mono-olefins. Typically, the overall concentration of all olefins in the hydrocarbon feed stream will be no more than 1.0 wt-% olefins.
- the hydrocarbon stream may contain water up to and beyond saturation conditions.
- Adsorbents used in the instant invention and methods of making the adsorbents are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,632,766, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the adsorbent comprises a zeolite component, an alumina component and a metal component wherein the alumina component is present in an amount from about 40 to about 90 wt % of the adsorbent and the metal component is present in an amount from about 0.015 to 0.08 moles of the metal as the oxide per 100 g of the adsorbent and may be referred to as a nitrogen selective adsorbent.
- Zeolites which can be used in the adsorbent have a pore opening of about 5 to about 10 ⁇ and in general have a composition represented by the empirical formula:
- zeolites are those that have a SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio of about 2:1 to about 6:1 and/or those having the crystal structure of zeolite X, faujasite, zeolite Y, zeolite A, mordenite, beta and ferrierite.
- Preferred zeolites are zeolites X, Y and A.
- the zeolite is 13 ⁇ zeolite.
- the alumina component is an activated alumina that may be obtained by rapid dehydration of aluminum hydroxides, e.g., alumina trihydrate, gibbsite, or hydrargillite in a stream of hot gasses or solid heat carrier. Dehydration may be accomplished in any suitable apparatus using the stream of hot gases or solid heat carrier. Generally, the time for heating or contacting with the hot gases is typically from a fraction of a second to 4 or 5 seconds. The temperature of the gases normally varies between 400° C. and 1000° C. The process is commonly referred to as flash calcination and is disclosed, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 2,915,365. However, other methods of calcination may be employed.
- Activated aluminas include aluminas having a surface area usually greater than 100 m 2 /g and typically in the range of 100 to 400 m 2 /g.
- the metal component (Madd) is selected from the group consisting of alkali, alkaline earth metals, and mixtures thereof.
- the metal component (Madd) is in addition to the metal cation (M) present in the exchange sites of the zeolite. Additionally, the metal component can be the same or different than the M metal.
- the M metal in a zeolite can be potassium whereas the metal component (Madd) can be sodium.
- the metal component (Madd) include but are not limited to sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, calcium, strontium, magnesium, barium, zinc and copper.
- the metal component (Madd) is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium and mixtures thereof.
- the source of the metal component can be any compound which decomposes to the metal oxide at activation conditions.
- metal component sources are the nitrates, hydroxides, carboxylates, carbonates and oxides of the metals.
- the shaped adsorbent can be prepared by combining the three components in any order and forming into a shaped article. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the metal component (Madd) decreases the acidity of zeolite and/or alumina components. Thus, the acidity/basicity of the adsorbent may be varied by the amount and type of metal component (Madd).
- metal component (Madd) For example having more metal component (Madd) and/or using metals that provide more basic metal oxides such as potassium and cesium will increase the basicity, i.e. reduce the acidity, of the adsorbent. Excessive amounts of the metal component (Madd) may be detrimental if sufficient to accelerate the double bond shift reaction of the olefins.
- the alumina, zeolite and an aqueous solution of the desired metal compound are mixed and formed into a shaped article.
- gamma alumina, zeolite X and a solution of sodium acetate can be combined into a dough and then extruded or formed into shapes such as pellets, pills, tablets or spheres (e.g. by the oil drop method) by means well known in the art.
- a preferred method of forming substantially rounded shapes or bodies involves the use of a pan nodulizer. This technique uses a rotating pan or pan nodulizer onto which is fed the alumina component, zeolite component and a solution of the metal component thereby forming substantially rounded particles.
- Another method of forming the shaped article is to mix powders of the alumina, zeolite and metal compound followed by formation of pellets, pills, etc.
- a third method is to combine the alumina and zeolite components (powders), form them into a shaped article and then impregnate the shaped article with an aqueous solution of the metal compound.
- the forming step is carried out by any of the means enumerated above.
- pH may be adjusted to a value from about 7 to about 14. In an embodiment, the pH ranges from about 9 to about 13.5.
- the pH of the solution may be controlled by adding the appropriate amount of the desired metal hydroxide. For example, if sodium is the desired metal, sodium acetate can be used to form the aqueous solution and the pH may be adjusted using sodium hydroxide.
- the shaped articles are cured or dried at ambient temperature up to about 200° C. for a time of about 5 minutes to about 25 hours.
- the shaped articles can be cured in batches e.g. bins or trays or in a continuous process using conventional equipment such as a moving belt oven, or rotating kiln.
- they are activated by heating the cured articles at a temperature of about 275° C. to about 600° C. for a time of about 5 to about 70 minutes.
- the heating can be done with the articles in a moving pan or in a moving belt oven or a rotating kiln where the articles may be direct fired or indirect fired to provide the finished solid adsorbent.
- the relative amount of the three components can vary considerably over a wide range. Usually the amount of alumina varies from about 40 to about 90 wt % of the adsorbent. In an embodiment, the mass ratio of the alumina component to the zeolite component in the adsorbent ranges from about 18:1 to about 2:3; and may range from about 9:1 to about 2:3. The amount of zeolite may vary from about 5 to about 60 wt % of the adsorbent.
- the amount of metal component, Madd can also vary considerably, but must be present in an amount equal to at least 10% of the stoichiometric amount of the metal cation, M, present in the exchange sites of the zeolite.
- the maximum amount of Madd should be no more than 50% of the stoichiometric amount of M. In absolute terms, it is preferred that the amount of Madd be present from about 0.015 to about 0.08 moles of Madd per 100 grams of adsorbent.
- the amounts of M and Madd are reported or expressed as the oxide of the metal, e.g. Na 2 O.
- the hydrocarbon feed stream to be purified is contacted with the above described adsorbent at nitrogen removal conditions to reduce the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon stream.
- the process produces an effluent hydrocarbon stream having a lower nitrogen content relative to the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- nitrogen removal conditions include a temperature from about 25° C. to about 300° C. and a pressure from about 34.5 kPa(g) to about 4136.9 kPa(g). In an embodiment, the temperature ranges from about 50° C. to about 200° C.; and the temperature may range from about 75° C. to about 175° C.
- the effluent hydrocarbon stream from the adsorption zone may then be introduced into a downstream processing unit such as an alkylation zone or transalkylation zone.
- adsorbent zone it may be desirable to use a first bed of an alkylation zone or transalkylation zone as an adsorbent zone for the removal of nitrogen.
- the adsorbent and the alkylation or transalkylation catalyst should be spaced apart.
- the alkylation agent e.g. olefin, should bypass the adsorption zone and be delivered to an interbed space to mix with the denitrogenated hydrocarbon stream exiting the adsorption zone.
- the invention removes a greater amount of nitrogen from the hydrocarbon feed stream than the amount of unsaturated aliphatic compounds removed on a relative percent basis.
- the relative percent basis is determined by the nitrogen content and Bromine Index of the hydrocarbon feed and effluent streams. Bromine Index is commonly used to assess the olefin content, including diolefins, of hydrocarbon mixtures. That is, in this embodiment, the percent decrease in nitrogen content on a mass percent basis is greater than the percent decrease of the Bromine Index between the hydrocarbon feed and effluent streams.
- the process has a nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal of 1.5 (75%/50%) on a relative percent basis. Since the nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal is greater than 1, the amount of nitrogen removed from the hydrocarbon feed stream is greater than the amount of unsaturated aliphatic compounds removed from the hydrocarbon feed stream on a relative percent basis.
- the nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal is at least 1.5 on a relative percent basis, and the nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal may be at least 2 on a relative percent basis. In a further embodiment, the nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal is at least 2.5 on a relative percent basis, and the nitrogen to unsaturated aliphatic compound removal may be at least 3 on a relative percent basis.
- the invention removes a greater amount of nitrogen from the hydrocarbon feed stream than the amount of diolefin compounds removed from the hydrocarbon feed stream on a relative mass percent basis. That is, in this embodiment, the percent decrease in nitrogen content on a mass percent basis is greater than the percent decrease of the diolefin content on a mass percent basis between the hydrocarbon feed and effluent streams, i.e. the nitrogen to diolefin removal is greater than 1 on a relative mass percent basis. In another embodiment, the nitrogen to diolefin removal is at least 1.5 on a relative mass percent basis; and the nitrogen to diolefin removal may be at least 2 on a relative mass percent basis. In a further embodiment, the nitrogen to diolefin removal is at least 2.5 on a relative mass percent basis; and the nitrogen to diolefin removal may be at least 3 on a relative mass percent basis.
- Removal of the unsaturated aliphatic compounds such as olefin and/or diolefin compounds may result from various mechanism including adsorption and reaction.
- the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream to and effluent stream from the adsorption zone may be determined by standard lab methods such as UOP269 or ASTM D5762 or ASTM D4629 depending on the nitrogen concentration.
- the diolefin content of the streams may be determined by method UOP980, and the Bromine Index of the streams may be determined using method UOP304.
- the analytical methods used herein such as ASTM D5762 and UOP980 are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pa., USA.
- At least 50 wt % of the nitrogen is removed from the hydrocarbon feed stream on an elemental basis; and the invention may remove at least about 70 wt % of the nitrogen in the hydrocarbon feed stream on an elemental basis. In another embodiment, at least about 80 wt % of the nitrogen is removed from the hydrocarbon feed stream on an elemental basis, that is, the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step has a nitrogen content that is no more than about 20% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step has a diolefin content of at least 30% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream; and the hydrocarbon effluent stream may have a diolefin content of at least 50% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream has a diolefin content of at least 70% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step has a nitrogen content no more than about 50% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream, and hydrocarbon effluent stream has a diolefin content of at least 30% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step has a nitrogen content no more than about 50% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream, and hydrocarbon effluent stream has a diolefin content of at least 50% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step may have a nitrogen content no more than about 30% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream, and hydrocarbon effluent stream may have a diolefin content of at least 30% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- the hydrocarbon effluent stream from the contacting step may have a nitrogen content no more than about 30% of the nitrogen content of the hydrocarbon feed stream, and hydrocarbon effluent stream may have a diolefin content of at least 50% of the diolefin content of the hydrocarbon feed stream.
- An adsorbent according to the invention was prepared following Example 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 7,115,154.
- the resulting adsorbent was found to have 0.142 total moles of Na 2 O per 100 g of adsorbent.
- the total moles includes the metal component (Madd) added of 0.036 moles of Na 2 O per 100 g of adsorbent.
- a commercially available acid treated clay was obtained from Sud-Chemie under the product name TONSIL CO 630 G for use as a comparative adsorbent.
- Y-74 zeolite is a stabilized sodium Y zeolite with a bulk Si/Al 2 ratio of approximately 5.2, a unit cell size of approximately 24.53, and a sodium content of approximately 2.7 wt % calculated as Na 2 O on a dry basis.
- Y-74 zeolite is prepared from a sodium Y zeolite with a bulk Si/Al 2 ratio of approximately 4.9, a unit cell size of approximately 24.67, and a sodium content of approximately 9.4 wt % calculated as Na 2 O on a dry basis that is ammonium exchanged to remove approximately 75% of the Na and then steam de-aluminated at approximately 600° C. (1112° F.) by generally following steps (1) and (2) of the procedure described in col. 4, line 47 to col. 5, line 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,324,877. After 1 hour of contact at 75° C. (167° F.), the slurry was filtered and the filter cake was washed with an excessive amount of warm de-ionized water.
- This catalyst was representative of the existing art. This catalyst had a unit cell size of 24.494 ⁇ , an XRD absolute intensity of 61.1, and 57.2% framework aluminum as a percentage of the aluminum in the modified Y zeolite.
- a sample of a commercial benzene recycle stream (>99 wt % benzene) containing olefin, diolefin and nitrogen compounds was used as the hydrocarbon feed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adsorbents of Examples 1-3 to remove nitrogen and the unsaturates.
- the analysis of the feed is reported in Table 1 with the analysis of the effluent or product from each test.
- the unsaturated aliphatic, i.e., total olefin content was determined by UOP304.
- the nitrogen content was determined by D4629, and the diolefin content was determined by UOP980 as modified to improve the sensitivity of the method to detect lower levels of diolefins.
- UOP980 was followed except that sample size was altered and standard solutions of lower concentrations were used during calibration of the instrument as known by those skilled in the art to improve detection of lower concentrations of the diolefins in the samples.
- the modification of UOP980 does not alter the relative measurements between different samples, but improves and/or enables quantification of concentrations of less than 500 ppm-wt and especially less than 100 ppm-wt of diolefins.
- the adsorbent Prior to the test, the adsorbent was pre-dried at 250° C. for 4 hours in flowing nitrogen.
- the adsorption experiment was done in an autoclave, which was first purged with nitrogen followed by charging 0.6 g of adsorbent and 30 g of the hydrocarbon feed. The autoclave was then pressurized to about 400 psig and ramped to the temperature listed in Table 1 for each test.
- the autoclave includes a mixer which was set at 100 rpm. When the specified temperature was reached, the autoclave was held at temperature for one hour with mixing. Thereafter, the heat was cut to allow the autoclave to cool to room temperature and mixing stopped. The spent adsorbent was separated from the liquid product or effluent, which was sampled and analyzed.
- Example 2 Example 3 Temperature, ° C. 100 125 150 100 125 150 25 75 125 Nitrogen, ppm-wt 3.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.32 1.06 0.7 0.9 1.41 0.6 Bromine Index, 292 225 209 258 138 91 47 114 91 23 mg Br per 100 g Diolefins, ppm-wt 825 614 621 613 25 3 1 NA 247 5
- Example 1 exhibited unexpected effectiveness in removing nitrogen while leaving the olefin and diolefin compounds relatively intact.
- the ability to selectively adsorb nitrogen components over olefin components makes the adsorbent particularly useful in commercial services, where both types of contaminants are present in aromatic streams. By minimizing adsorption and/or reaction of the olefins a higher nitrogen capacity and longer adsorbent life are expected.
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PCT/US2010/050374 WO2011041258A2 (fr) | 2009-09-30 | 2010-09-27 | Procédé d'élimination de composés azotés à partir d'un courant hydrocarboné |
KR1020127010329A KR101474084B1 (ko) | 2009-09-30 | 2010-09-27 | 탄화수소 스트림으로부터 질소 화합물을 제거하는 방법 |
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US8507745B1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-13 | Uop Llc | Processes and systems for treating aromatic feed including an aromatic component and nitrogen-containing impurities, and processes and systems for preparing a reaction product of the aromatic component |
US20130323134A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Uop Llc | Methods and Apparatus for Treating a Hydrocarbon Stream |
US20130323133A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Uop Llc | Methods and Apparatus for Treating a Hydrocarbon Stream |
US20170044446A1 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-02-16 | INVISTA North America S.á.r.l | Process for the aromatization of dilute ethylene |
TWI627163B (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2018-06-21 | 環球油類產品有限公司 | 處理烴流之方法及裝置 |
EP4077251A4 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2024-01-31 | Sabic Sk Nexlene Company Pte. Ltd. | Procédé de purification d'alpha-oléfine et composition pour purification d'alpha-oléfine associée |
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US7276636B2 (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2007-10-02 | Uop Llc | Styrene process with recycle from dehydrogenation zone |
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- 2010-09-24 US US12/889,807 patent/US20110073527A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-27 CN CN201080042430XA patent/CN102548939A/zh active Pending
- 2010-09-27 KR KR1020127010329A patent/KR101474084B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-27 WO PCT/US2010/050374 patent/WO2011041258A2/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8507745B1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-13 | Uop Llc | Processes and systems for treating aromatic feed including an aromatic component and nitrogen-containing impurities, and processes and systems for preparing a reaction product of the aromatic component |
US20130323134A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Uop Llc | Methods and Apparatus for Treating a Hydrocarbon Stream |
US20130323133A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Uop Llc | Methods and Apparatus for Treating a Hydrocarbon Stream |
TWI627163B (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2018-06-21 | 環球油類產品有限公司 | 處理烴流之方法及裝置 |
CN102816044A (zh) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-12 | 宁夏宝塔石化集团有限公司 | 一种烷基化反应原料苯或甲苯脱碱性氮的方法 |
US20170044446A1 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-02-16 | INVISTA North America S.á.r.l | Process for the aromatization of dilute ethylene |
US10184089B2 (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2019-01-22 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Process for the aromatization of dilute ethylene |
US10351787B2 (en) | 2015-08-13 | 2019-07-16 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Process for the aromatization of dilute ethylene |
EP4077251A4 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2024-01-31 | Sabic Sk Nexlene Company Pte. Ltd. | Procédé de purification d'alpha-oléfine et composition pour purification d'alpha-oléfine associée |
US12012379B2 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2024-06-18 | Sabic Sk Nexlene Company Pte. Ltd. | Method of purifying alpha-olefin and composition for purifying alpha-olefin therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101474084B1 (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
WO2011041258A2 (fr) | 2011-04-07 |
KR20120060896A (ko) | 2012-06-12 |
WO2011041258A3 (fr) | 2011-11-24 |
CN102548939A (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
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