US20110041428A1 - Roof structure for a solar system - Google Patents

Roof structure for a solar system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110041428A1
US20110041428A1 US12/666,684 US66668407A US2011041428A1 US 20110041428 A1 US20110041428 A1 US 20110041428A1 US 66668407 A US66668407 A US 66668407A US 2011041428 A1 US2011041428 A1 US 2011041428A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
roof
glass
roof panels
roof structure
glass roof
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Abandoned
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US12/666,684
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English (en)
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Mario Posnansky
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/58—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by their mountings or fixing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • F24S90/10—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for using thermosiphonic circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/13—Overlaying arrangements similar to roof tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/17—Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roof structure for photovoltaic generation of electric current and/or for heating a flowing medium, in particular an airflow.
  • the roof structure also serves as a whole for all the general functions of a roof.
  • the photovoltaic modules or roof elements themselves consist essentially of thin, fragile silicon solar cells of flat design in the form of strips or plates.
  • the cells are embedded in an elastic transparent material, usually EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) between the front, transparent front side of hardened glass or plastic, and a rear sheet or glass.
  • EVA ethyl vinyl acetate
  • the solar cells are interconnected electrically such that the module voltage generated can be tapped via an appliance outlet, mostly arranged at the rear.
  • a multiplicity of such modules or roof elements are connected in series and in parallel, in order to obtain the respectively desired system voltage/DC power.
  • the current is mostly fed into a public grid via an inverter, or buffered in batteries in the case of small island systems.
  • Thin layers are known that are made from amorphous silicon, CulS2, or other semiconducting materials or chemical compounds that are likewise used to construct modules or roof and facade elements. These layers are applied to glass or transparent plastic, plastic sheets being used on the front and/or rear for protection against mechanical or chemical influences.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a roof structure of the type mentioned at the beginning that enables decisive cost reductions in conjunction with high operational reliability, and includes the advantages of multifunctional power generation without neglecting the esthetic requirements of the roofs built. Furthermore, it is the object of the invention also to provide cost effective solutions for the roof elements that obtain energy.
  • the flat gap preferably has at least one entrance opening for the cold air, at least one exit opening for the warm air and an airtight outer roof edge surround or airtight lateral boundaries of the flat gap.
  • glass roof panels fully having the function of roof elements—for example for substitution of roof tiles, roof shingles etc.—also covers panels made from all other suitable transparent materials.
  • the spacing between the subroof of flat design (without the usual roof ribs) and the glass roof panels is preferably in the range of 15-30 mm.
  • the spacing is determined on the basis of design parameters such as, for example, the desired temperature rise, height of the roof, expected thermal efficiency and the air speed determined.
  • the flat gap can widen upward. This is the case, in particular, when the glass roof panels, and thus the roof or the roof part itself narrow upward (pitched roof).
  • the glass roof panels of rectangular or square design fulfill the function of roofing materials, in particular of tiles.
  • a particular refinement of the inventive roof structure comprises specially designed square glass roof panels that are laid with their diagonals in a vertical direction and in a fashion overlapping on both sides. Cost savings result, in particular, from the fact that rain water is certain to flow off without further measures, that is to say profiles and the like for the lateral sealing of the panels can be eliminated. This design is particularly suitable for mass production and is exceptionally cost effective to lay.
  • the square glass roof panels are esthetically attractive as roof elements and are used for covering the entire roof including possible adjacent roofs (also without power being obtained). In addition to functions that obtain current and heat, they are also configured according to the invention for the incidence of light (skylight function), including in combination with the power generation as translucent roof elements.
  • the glass roof panels can, however, always be sealed, laid and supported on a plane or in the form of a shingle roof while being held with a frame.
  • the frame comprises fastening feet that are not allowed to impede the throughflow of air.
  • the glass roof panels laid in accordance with the invention replace a conventional roof, these are always watertight in the case of storm gusts and fulfill the snow load regulations. It is also possible to walk on the glass roof panels.
  • these glass roof panels can be used as follows for the roof structure:
  • the roof structure can be installed in the form of roof sections with only a thermal function, only an electrical function, only a skylight function with an electrothermal function (air temperatures of up to 55° C.), and in the form of downstream, purely thermal glass roof panels for obtaining high temperatures at the output.
  • the thermal roof panels therefore act as a “booster”. Further combinations for the use of the glass roof panels are likewise possible in conjunction with the transparent or partially transparent properties.
  • Glass roof panel with simple roof function This consists of a front hardened glass roof panel with a sheet, laminated on the rear, for coloring, as well as the fastening elements and pressure elements at the four corners.
  • other materials can also be used for this function with the same geometric structure and fastening technique.
  • the gap width between panel and subroof is preferably, as mentioned, 15-30 mm, depending on the definition of the decisive design parameters.
  • the air speed or flow rate is preferably regulated with the aid of a ventilator that is controlled by a solar sensor or driven with solar cells.
  • the radiation passes through the glass roof panel directly onto a selective absorber sheet thereunder past which the air flows and is heated.
  • a selective absorber has the property that the solar radiation (shortwave) is virtually completely absorbed (black body), while the thermal emission of the hot absorber is avoided as far as possible. This is achieved by virtue of the fact that the absorber sheet has a low emission factor for the emission at longer wavelengths.
  • the selective sheet is, for example, a solid sheet of ceramic and metal termed CERMET.
  • CERMET a solid sheet of ceramic and metal termed CERMET.
  • the coated absorber sheet is long lived and heat resistant. It can be touched, cleaned, shaped, welded and riveted.
  • the absorption factor is 95%, the emission factor only 5%.
  • the selective absorber sheet is fastened on the subroof, the air flows between it and the transparent glass roof panel.
  • the thermal efficiency, and thus the attainable air temperature are less than when the air flows through behind the selective absorber sheet.
  • the absorber sheet is preferably fitted at a spacing of approximately 10 mm below the transparent glass roof panel.
  • the heated air flows in the gable region directly through an elongated air/water heat exchanger running along the gable.
  • Air for the most part cooled, is caught by collecting channels downstream of the exchanger and, for example, guided by means of a ventilator operated by solar cells directly into the ambient air or—if still being used for heating purposes—into the interiors.
  • a ventilator operated by solar cells directly into the ambient air or—if still being used for heating purposes—into the interiors.
  • an airflow supported and regulated by a ventilator is not required, since the uplift resulting from the heating of the air is sufficient to guide the hot air through the heat exchanger arranged along the gable.
  • the exiting hot air is guided via a pipeline system to an air manifold heat exchanger outside the roof region, where a water circuit is expediently heated, in turn.
  • the residual heat can be used for further useful purposes before it is outlet into the atmosphere as expulsion air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through half a solar roof with overlapping glass roof panels
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant in accordance with FIG. 1 , with glass roof panels laid in a flat fashion and a ventilator
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail III of FIG. 2 with a standard type support
  • FIG. 4 shows a roof gable with a heat exchanger
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant in accordance with FIG. 4 with an air manifold heat exchanger
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of a specimen roof with five laying variants R-V
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial vertical section through the laying variant S
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial vertical section through the laying variant V
  • FIG. 9 shows a laying variant with square glass roof panels set on end
  • FIG. 10 shows a laying variant of the glass roof panels in the form of a shingle roof
  • FIG. 11 shows a flat laying of the glass roof panels in accordance with FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a laying variant of tapering glass roof panels for a pitched roof
  • FIG. 13 shows a partial section through a glass roof panel
  • FIG. 14 shows a variant in accordance with FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 shows a further variant of a glass roof panel
  • FIG. 16 shows a plan view of a roof glass panel with tightly arranged solar cells
  • FIG. 17 shows a plan view of a translucent glass roof panel
  • FIG. 18 shows a view of a solar roof with glass roof panels set on end.
  • FIG. 1 shows a roof structure 10 for a solar system for the photovoltaic production of electric current and/or for heating a cold airflow 14 .
  • the roof structure 10 is arranged removed in a parallel fashion by a spacing a from a subroof 14 .
  • the spacing a is approximately 20 mm here.
  • the subroof 12 and the roof structure 10 form a flat gap 18 that is virtually free from obstructions in the flow direction 16 and in which the cold air 14 is continuously heated, exits as a hot airflow 20 into a gable space 22 and is fed from there directly to a further use.
  • the flat gap 18 extends over the entire roof structure (saving of roof ribs), and that there are no substantial obstructions in the flow direction 16 .
  • the flat gap 18 is sealed in the outermost region of the roof structure with the entire circumference or a part thereof. It is thus possible for a natural flow to build up in the direction 16 and heat the cold air 14 , which expands and rises in the flow direction 16 because of the lower density.
  • a filter 15 is also expediently arranged at the entrance opening for the cold air 14 .
  • the hot airflow 20 exiting in the gable space 22 can be used directly for drying.
  • FIG. 2 differs from FIG. 1 particularly in that the glass roof panels 24 are not arranged in an overlapping fashion, but on a plane, again at the spacing a from the subroof 12 .
  • the glass roof panels 24 are held by standard-type supports 26 of small flow cross section at the spacing a.
  • the airflow in the direction 16 is assisted by at least one ventilator 28 in the gable space 22 .
  • This ventilator 28 is connected to at least one exit opening of the hot airflow 20 via a suction tube 30 .
  • a variant that is not illustrated serves for regulating the ventilator performance.
  • the ventilator can also be driven directly by solar cells, as a result of which a sensor is eliminated. Both variants serve to maintain the temperature level under varying radiation conditions.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in detail a standard-type support anchored in the subroof 12 .
  • a screw 36 with a peripheral bearing flange 32 and a guide arbor 34 ensures the setting of a flat gap 18 in the abovementioned region of, expediently, approximately 15 mm.
  • the mounted glass panels 24 are secured with a head screw.
  • the laminate structure of the glass roof panels 24 is shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 .
  • the heat exchanger absorbs a substantial fraction of the heat content of the air and feeds the latter to a water circuit 42 in a way known per se.
  • Said circuit comprises a supply lead 44 and a down lead 46 , for example in a hot water or heating circuit.
  • Opening into the gable space 22 which is sealed in an airtight fashion, is an exhaust-air line 50 through which the still hot air can be fed to a further use.
  • the still hot air exits as expulsion air into the external atmosphere via an exit opening indicated by an arrow 52 .
  • the airflow can be deflected or split up with a baffle 54 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the further course of the exhaust-air line 50 .
  • the entire hot airflow 20 flows to an air manifold heat exchanger 56 where the heat content of the air is, once again, absorbed for the most part by a water circuit 42 .
  • the hot airflow 20 exiting from the air manifold heat exchanger 56 which has been cooled but is still hot, passes into the atmosphere as expulsion air 58 , or is fed to a further use 60 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of a virtual roof structure 10 .
  • FIG. 6 corresponds not to a roof that is customary in practice, but to a specimen roof with as many variants as possible.
  • Each of the variants R, S, T, U and V would correspond in practice to a roof or a roof segment.
  • Variant V glass roof panels 24 with a purely thermal function are used in the upper roof region for the production of heat.
  • glass roof panels 24 with a skylight function can be installed, or the glass roof panels 24 can be coated black without solar cells being installed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial longitudinal section through variant S in accordance with FIG. 6 .
  • Glass roof panels 24 in the lower region contain solar cells 60 that abut one another on all sides, and the sunlight S 1 is completely absorbed thereby.
  • the uppermost two glass roof panels 24 contain no solar cells 60 , and the sunlight S 2 can pass through completely and is completely absorbed by a black absorber layer 64 applied to the subroof 12 , and this leads to intense heating of the air 20 flowing through.
  • the absorber layer 64 is applied only in the region of the completely transparent glass roof panels 24 .
  • the solar cells 60 are applied with an all-round spacing b corresponding to the variant V of FIG. 7 . Respectively approximately half the sunlight strikes the solar cells (S 1 ), or the other half of the sunlight passes through the glass roof panels 24 and strikes the selective absorber layer 64 (S 2 ), which covers the entire subroof 12 .
  • S 1 the solar cells
  • S 2 the selective absorber layer 64
  • FIG. 9 indicates the preferred laying variant of square glass roof panels 24 .
  • the glass roof panels 24 are set on end, the diagonals running in the fall line of the roof.
  • the glass roof panels 24 are arranged in a fashion doubly overlapping downward, and they are held by standard-type supports 26 .
  • the glass roof panels 24 are laid conventionally, that is to say in the form of a shingle roof overlapping downward on one side.
  • Sealing and collecting channels 66 are laid on both sides and run in a vertical direction, that is to say in the flow direction 16 of the air guided through.
  • the sealing and collecting tracks 66 both provide support and keep the spacing, and have longitudinal openings (not depicted) for the passage of the air and the cabling. However, it is not these openings that are important, but the fact that the tracks 66 run in the direction of the airflow 16 and are therefore virtually no obstruction.
  • square or rectangular glass roof panels 24 are held like a window in frames 68 which both provide a seal and support at a spacing a ( FIG. 1 ).
  • FIG. 12 A variant in accordance with FIG. 10 is illustrated in FIG. 12 .
  • the glass roof panels 24 taper rearward, and this is required in particular for a pitched roof.
  • Embodiments in accordance with FIGS. 13 to 15 show a laminate structure of the glass roof panels 24 .
  • a panel 70 made from hardened glass It is generally possible to walk on this.
  • An antireflection layer 72 that prevents undesired mirror effects is optional.
  • Visible on the other side of the plate 70 made from hardened glass is a cell embedding made from ethyl vinyl acetate EVA for the solar cells 60 of flat design. As in FIG. 13 , these solar cells 60 are arranged in an abutting fashion, and they pass no sunlight.
  • the EVA layer 74 is protected by a rear wall sheet 76 , for example made from a Tedlar sheet or an aluminum sheet.
  • a flat box 78 for cable outlets and a bridging diode 60 .
  • the current conduction takes place in a way known per se, although it is ensured that the cable 82 is flat and therefore poses little obstruction to the airflow.
  • the laminate structure of the glass roof panel 24 in accordance with FIG. 14 corresponds substantially to that of FIG. 13 .
  • the flat solar cells 60 are, however, embedded in a transparent EVA layer 74 at a spacing b from one another, the width b of the transparent strips 90 being greater than the corresponding linear dimension of the solar cells 60 .
  • the rear sheet or panel 76 must likewise be of transparent design.
  • a translucent glass roof panel 24 in accordance with FIG. 14 has transparent and opaque regions by definition.
  • FIG. 15 shows a further variant of a laminar glass roof panel 24 in accordance with which the solar cells are deposited directly onto the underside of the panel 70 made from hardened glass at a spacing b from one another (thin-layer cell technology). Also in accordance with FIG. 15 , what is involved is a translucent glass roof panel 24 , but with a smaller area fraction of the transparent strips 90 than in FIG. 14 . Depending on the process, the thin layer that is applied to glass or transparent plastics lies between two glass or plastic panels.
  • FIG. 16 shows in plan view a glass roof panel 24 corresponding to FIG. 13 .
  • Solar cells 60 which are of substantially square design, are laid in a fashion abutting one another and leave no gap open for the sunlight S 2 to slip through ( FIG. 8 ).
  • the edge zones 84 serve for the formation of overlaps.
  • the laid glass roof panels 24 form a roof structure 10 that is opaque to the sun's rays raised ( FIG. 6 , variant R).
  • FIG. 17 shows a translucent glass roof panel 24 with solar cells 60 arranged at a spacing b in accordance with FIG. 15 .
  • the laid glass roof panels 24 also have substantial transparent strips 90 .
  • FIG. 18 shows a roof structure 10 for a solar system for the photovoltaic generation of electric current and for strong heating of air in the flow direction 16 .
  • Use is made in principle of the laying pattern S of FIG. 6 , but with glass roof panels 24 , standing on end, of square shape with diagonals in the direction of fall.
  • glass roof panels 24 are arranged with square solar cells 60 , in an abutting arrangement, in an overlapping fashion on two sides and sealed.
  • a transparent or (not illustrated) translucent glass roof panel 24 that takes over the function of a roof window 88 , and this is sensible chiefly when the roof consists only of opaque glass roof panels 24 .
  • Purely thermal glass roof panels 24 without solar cells are arranged in the uppermost, so called “booster region”.
  • the already preheated air is heated to a temperature of about 100° C.
  • the air passes directly into a heat exchanger 40 with a water circuit 42 for the production of hot water.
  • this heat exchanger 40 is arranged in the gable region.
  • dummies Arranged in the lowermost roof region are so called “dummies” 90 , black coated glass roof panels 24 without a photovoltaic effect, in the case of which “solar cells” are printed on by screen printing.
US12/666,684 2007-06-25 2007-06-25 Roof structure for a solar system Abandoned US20110041428A1 (en)

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US20110138710A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2011-06-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Building-integrated solar-panel roof element systems
US20120024283A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Skillman Dale N Hybrid Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector
US20120096781A1 (en) * 2010-10-20 2012-04-26 Bruce Romesburg Structural Insulated Monolithic Photovoltaic Solar-Power Roof and Method of Use Thereof
US20120272591A1 (en) * 2008-04-08 2012-11-01 Frank Posnansky Device for generating solar power
WO2013081477A1 (en) 2011-11-30 2013-06-06 Zinniatek Limited A roofing, cladding or siding product, its manufacture and its use as part of a solar energy recovery system
CN103321389A (zh) * 2013-07-09 2013-09-25 蒋盘君 多层住宅的排风通道用无动力风帽
ITTO20120471A1 (it) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-01 Ikarus Solarsysteme S R L Impianto fotovoltaico
US8782972B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2014-07-22 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Solar roofing system
US20150244307A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2015-08-27 D. Kevin CAMERON Modular structural system for solar panel installation
US9765522B2 (en) * 2013-08-28 2017-09-19 Paul Joseph Bilbrey Skylight assembly with specific shading devices to minimize thermal heat and excessive light from high angle sunlight
JP2017218825A (ja) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 株式会社日立製作所 自然換気システムおよび建屋
US9954480B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2018-04-24 Zinnatek Limited Photovoltaic systems
WO2018073698A1 (en) * 2016-10-17 2018-04-26 Zinniatek Limited A roofing, cladding or siding module or apparatus
US10651781B2 (en) 2017-08-24 2020-05-12 Corning Incorporated Glass roof shingle
CN112013554A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-01 衡永琪 一种防潮式反光屋顶及其防潮方法
US10850440B2 (en) 2014-12-01 2020-12-01 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding product
US10866012B2 (en) 2014-12-01 2020-12-15 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding apparatus
US11011912B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2021-05-18 Zinniatek Limited Photovoltaic systems
US20220209708A1 (en) * 2019-05-15 2022-06-30 Meyer Burger (Germany) Gmbh Solar energy roof tile, solar energy system and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation
US11408613B2 (en) * 2014-03-07 2022-08-09 Zinniatek Limited Solar thermal roofing system
US11702840B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2023-07-18 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding module, its manufacture and use
US11970858B2 (en) 2018-02-19 2024-04-30 Zinniatek Limited Substrate having decorated surface and method of production

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FR2944818B1 (fr) * 2009-04-22 2016-12-16 Systovi Installation de panneaux photovoltaiques
EP2487727A1 (de) * 2011-02-14 2012-08-15 Renusol GmbH Solargenerator mit aktiver Hinterlüftung
CA2739766C (en) 2011-05-10 2016-08-23 Robert Richardson Roof solar panel for conventional sloping roof and shingle integration
CN102733552B (zh) * 2012-06-07 2014-10-15 曹树梁 玻璃中空房顶
US9294032B2 (en) 2013-11-08 2016-03-22 Robert Richardson Modular roof solar panel for conventional roof and roofing integration
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NL2021417B1 (en) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-12 Ibis Power Holding B V Solar panel system

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US4083360A (en) * 1975-02-28 1978-04-11 Battelle Memorial Institute Device for collecting solar energy
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US6063996A (en) * 1996-07-17 2000-05-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Solar cell module and hybrid roof panel using the same
US5990414A (en) * 1996-09-23 1999-11-23 Posnansky; Mario Photovoltaic solar roof
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US8844213B2 (en) * 2008-04-08 2014-09-30 Frank Posnansky Device for generating solar power
US20120272591A1 (en) * 2008-04-08 2012-11-01 Frank Posnansky Device for generating solar power
US8511006B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2013-08-20 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Building-integrated solar-panel roof element systems
US20110138710A1 (en) * 2009-07-02 2011-06-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Building-integrated solar-panel roof element systems
US20120024283A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Skillman Dale N Hybrid Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector
US20120096781A1 (en) * 2010-10-20 2012-04-26 Bruce Romesburg Structural Insulated Monolithic Photovoltaic Solar-Power Roof and Method of Use Thereof
US8782972B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2014-07-22 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Solar roofing system
WO2013081477A1 (en) 2011-11-30 2013-06-06 Zinniatek Limited A roofing, cladding or siding product, its manufacture and its use as part of a solar energy recovery system
US11011912B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2021-05-18 Zinniatek Limited Photovoltaic systems
EP2785930A4 (de) * 2011-11-30 2015-11-18 Zinniatek Ltd Dach-, verschalungs -oder verkleidungsprodukt, herstellung davon und verwendung davon als teil eines sonnenenergiegewinnungssystems
US10858839B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2020-12-08 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding product, its manufacture and its use as part of a solar energy recovery system
ITTO20120471A1 (it) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-01 Ikarus Solarsysteme S R L Impianto fotovoltaico
US20150244307A1 (en) * 2012-11-08 2015-08-27 D. Kevin CAMERON Modular structural system for solar panel installation
US9954480B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2018-04-24 Zinnatek Limited Photovoltaic systems
US11018618B2 (en) 2013-05-23 2021-05-25 Zinniatek Limited Photovoltaic systems
CN103321389A (zh) * 2013-07-09 2013-09-25 蒋盘君 多层住宅的排风通道用无动力风帽
US9765522B2 (en) * 2013-08-28 2017-09-19 Paul Joseph Bilbrey Skylight assembly with specific shading devices to minimize thermal heat and excessive light from high angle sunlight
US11408613B2 (en) * 2014-03-07 2022-08-09 Zinniatek Limited Solar thermal roofing system
US10866012B2 (en) 2014-12-01 2020-12-15 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding apparatus
US10850440B2 (en) 2014-12-01 2020-12-01 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding product
JP2017218825A (ja) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 株式会社日立製作所 自然換気システムおよび建屋
US10879842B2 (en) 2016-10-17 2020-12-29 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding module or apparatus
WO2018073698A1 (en) * 2016-10-17 2018-04-26 Zinniatek Limited A roofing, cladding or siding module or apparatus
AU2017345370B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2023-08-31 Zinniatek Limited A roofing, cladding or siding module or apparatus
US10749461B2 (en) * 2017-07-25 2020-08-18 Corning Incorporated Glass roof shingle
US10651781B2 (en) 2017-08-24 2020-05-12 Corning Incorporated Glass roof shingle
US11970858B2 (en) 2018-02-19 2024-04-30 Zinniatek Limited Substrate having decorated surface and method of production
US11702840B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2023-07-18 Zinniatek Limited Roofing, cladding or siding module, its manufacture and use
US20220209708A1 (en) * 2019-05-15 2022-06-30 Meyer Burger (Germany) Gmbh Solar energy roof tile, solar energy system and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation
US11824484B2 (en) * 2019-05-15 2023-11-21 Meyer Burger (Germany) Gmbh Solar energy roof tile, solar energy system and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation
CN112013554A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-01 衡永琪 一种防潮式反光屋顶及其防潮方法

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CN101883956A (zh) 2010-11-10
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WO2009000091A8 (de) 2010-02-18
WO2009000091A1 (de) 2008-12-31

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