US20100308765A1 - Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same - Google Patents

Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20100308765A1
US20100308765A1 US12/752,769 US75276910A US2010308765A1 US 20100308765 A1 US20100308765 A1 US 20100308765A1 US 75276910 A US75276910 A US 75276910A US 2010308765 A1 US2010308765 A1 US 2010308765A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
energy
storage device
energy storage
load
level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/752,769
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Randy Moore
Ron Nowlin
Viet Vu
Michael Parrot
Jeff Dermott
Gregory Miller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EaglePicher Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
EaglePicher Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EaglePicher Technologies LLC filed Critical EaglePicher Technologies LLC
Priority to US12/752,769 priority Critical patent/US20100308765A1/en
Assigned to EaglePicher Technologies reassignment EaglePicher Technologies ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DERMOTT, JEFF, MILLER, GREGORY, MOORE, RANDY, NOWLIN, RON, PARROT, MICHAEL, VU, VIET
Publication of US20100308765A1 publication Critical patent/US20100308765A1/en
Assigned to EAGLEPICHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC reassignment EAGLEPICHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VU, CARL VIET, NOWLIN, RON, MOORE, RANDY, PARROT, MICHAEL, DERMOTT, JEFF, MILLER, GREGORY
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • Fossil fuels e.g., coal, oil, and natural gas
  • Burning fossil fuels generates air pollutants such as carbon dioxide. These emissions may have a negative effect on the environment and may contribute to climate change.
  • some countries have passed laws that limit allowable air pollutants. These laws generally increase the cost of generating electrical energy from fossil fuels.
  • Fossil fuel deposits around the world are being depleted because they are not being replenished at a rate commensurate with consumption. Access to fossil fuels is also often dependent on world political and economic conditions. These factors combine to cause increasing and unstable prices for energy generated from fossil fuels.
  • renewable energy sources such as wind, solar (e.g., photovoltaic), and geothermal are now available on a commercial basis, and the cost of electricity produced using these methods is generally decreasing as they become more prevalent and the underlying technologies are refined. Renewable energy sources thus provide potential solutions to the cost, availability, and environmental concerns associated with use of fossil fuels for electrical energy production.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load.
  • a first energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement of the load unless an energy level of the first energy storage device is at a first maximum threshold.
  • a second energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load if the energy level of the first energy storage device is at the first maximum threshold, unless an energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second maximum threshold.
  • another aspect of stabilizing power provided by the energy source to the load includes providing energy from the first energy storage device to the load when the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds the energy produced by the energy source unless the energy level of the first energy storage device is at a first minimum threshold. If the energy level of the first energy storage device is at the first minimum threshold and the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds the energy produced by the energy source, the second energy storage device provides energy to the load unless the energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second minimum
  • the second energy level monitor monitors an energy level of the second energy storage device and provides, to the controller, a second energy level signal indicative of the energy level of the second energy storage device.
  • the energy converter is responsive to a capture signal from the controller for selectively converting power from the energy source into power for at least one of the first and second energy storage devices and responsive to a switch signal from the controller for directing the converted power to at least one of the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.
  • the controller determines from the power signal that the energy provided by the energy source exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load and provides the capture signal to the energy converter such that the energy provided by the energy source in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load is captured in the first energy storage device unless the first energy level signal indicates that the energy level of the first energy storage device is at a first maximum threshold. If the first energy level signal indicates that the energy level of the first energy storage device is at the first maximum threshold, then the controller alters the switch signal such that the energy converter directs the energy in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load to the second energy storage device unless the second energy level signal indicates that the energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second maximum threshold.
  • the disclosure is further directed to another method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load.
  • a first energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement of the load for a first predetermined amount of time unless an energy level of the first energy storage device exceeds a first maximum threshold.
  • a second energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load when the energy source continues to produce energy in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load after expiration of the first predetermined amount of time or when the energy level of the first energy storage device is at the first maximum threshold, unless an energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second maximum threshold.
  • another aspect of stabilizing power provided by the energy source to the load includes providing energy from the first energy storage device to the load for a second predetermined amount of time upon the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeding the energy produced by the energy source unless the energy level of the first storage device is at a first minimum threshold.
  • the second energy storage device provides energy to the load when the immediate energy requirement of the load continues to exceed the energy produced by the energy source following the second predetermined amount of time or when the energy level of the first energy storage device is at the first maximum threshold, unless the energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second minimum threshold.
  • the second energy level monitor monitors an energy level of the second energy storage device and provides, to the controller, a second energy level signal indicative of the energy level of the second energy storage device.
  • the energy converter is responsive to a capture signal from the controller for selectively converting power from the energy source into power for at least one of the first and second energy storage devices and responsive to a switch signal from the controller for directing the converted power to at least one of the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device.
  • the controller determines from the power signal that the energy provided by the energy source exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load and provides the capture signal to the energy converter such that the energy provided by the energy source in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load is captured in the first energy storage device for a first predetermined amount of time unless the first energy level signal indicates that the energy level of the first energy storage device is at a first maximum threshold.
  • the controller alters the switch signal such that the energy converter directs the energy in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load to the second energy storage device unless the second energy level signal indicates that the energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second maximum threshold.
  • the disclosure is also directed to another method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load.
  • a first energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement of the load up to an intake rate threshold of the first energy source.
  • a second energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of the sum of the immediate energy requirement of the load and the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • the first energy storage device provides energy to the load when the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds the energy produced by the energy source up to a discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • the second energy storage device provides energy to the load when the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds the sum of the energy produced by the energy source and the discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device up to a discharge rate threshold of the second energy storage device.
  • the disclosure is also directed to another method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load.
  • a first energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement of the load unless the energy produced in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds an intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • a second energy storage device captures energy produced by the energy source in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load if the energy produced in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds an energy intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • the first energy storage device provides energy to the load when the immediate energy requirement of the load exceeds the energy provided by the energy source and a difference between the immediate energy requirement of the load and the energy produced by the energy source is less than a discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • the second energy storage device provides energy to the load when the difference between the immediate energy requirement of the load and the energy provided by the energy source exceeds the discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system for stabilizing energy provided to a load that includes a renewable energy source, an energy converter, transmission lines, an energy flow controller, and a hybrid energy storage system.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one configuration of the system of FIG. 1 , wherein the energy flow controller utilizes sense and storage control functions.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one configuration of the system of FIG. 2 , wherein the storage control includes an analog to digital converter, a timer, a central processing unit, and a communication component.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a method for using and controlling a hybrid energy storage system, in accordance with various embodiments and configurations.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a system for stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the system of FIG. 6 detailing one configuration of the energy flow controller.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method of selecting an energy storage device for capturing power provided by an energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement as a function of an energy level and capacity of the energy storage devices.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method of selecting an energy storage device for capturing power provided by an energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement as a function of a duration of the energy source producing power in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method of selecting an energy storage device for providing power to a load as a function of an energy level and capacity of the energy storage devices.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method of selecting an energy storage device for providing power to a load as a function of a duration of an immediate energy requirement of a load exceeding energy provided by an energy source.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of another embodiment of a method of selecting an energy storage device for capturing power provided by an energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement as a function of an intake rate threshold an energy storage device.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system for stabilizing power provided from an energy source to a load.
  • renewable energy refers to energy that is obtained from natural resources that are not depleted when energy is obtained from them.
  • renewable energy sources include wind, solar, hydroelectric, biomass, and geothermal natural resources.
  • various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for integrating renewable energy sources into existing electrical systems.
  • Various embodiments of the invention include devices for rapid and accurate sensing of the loss of a renewable energy source or the loss of a transmission line to prevent or mitigate any interruption of the supply of electrical energy to users.
  • Sensing of physical parameters as well as stochastic and/or adaptive control techniques may provide for optimal control, selection, switching, synchronization and other functions necessary to select and utilize one of several different energy storage devices available to supply energy to the user. For example, a voltage of an energy storage device may be sensed in order to determine a state of charge or energy level of the energy storage device. Further, multiple physical parameters such as temperature, cycle life, and voltage may be used to determine the state of charge or energy level of the energy storage device.
  • hybrid energy storage system refers to a single energy storage device (ESD) or multiple connected energy storage devices (e.g., an array of energy storage devices connected in a series and/or parallel arrangement) that store energy in different forms and in different ways for release at a later time.
  • ESD energy storage device
  • Examples of energy storage devices suitable for use in hybrid energy storage devices include electrochemical cells, batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, compressed air tanks, flywheels, pumped hydro systems, flow batteries, thermal storage systems, and the like.
  • One skilled in the art will recognize that different energy storage devices have different characteristics useful in designing hybrid energy storage systems comprised of a combination of energy storage devices.
  • lithium or lithium ion based batteries are relatively expensive for a given capacity, have a relatively high energy density, and have a relatively high cycle life.
  • flywheels generally have an even higher cycle life, but they have a relatively high self discharge rate.
  • lead acid batteries are relatively inexpensive for the given capacity, have a relatively low energy density, and have a relatively low cycle life.
  • Sodium sulfur based batteries have a balance of price for a given capacity, energy density, and cycle life.
  • hybrid energy storage devices may be limited by location of the system. For example, compressed air typically requires large underground caverns or the like for compressed air storage, while pumped hydro systems generally require mountains, hills, dams, or the like to utilize mass and gravity for energy storage.
  • Other hybrid energy storage devices may be portable. For example, electrochemical cells, batteries, fly wheels, and fuel cells may be trailer or truck mounted for rapid deployment to essentially any location.
  • hybrid energy storage systems have sections, portions or separate energy storage devices, having different energy densities.
  • energy density is the ratio of the storage capacity to unit weight of the storage system.
  • Other hybrid energy storage systems are better described by the ratio of storage capacity to unit volume. Both methods may be effective ways to measure the energy storage density of a hybrid energy storage system.
  • Exemplary hybrid energy storage systems additionally or alternatively may include sections, portions or separate energy storage devices, having different energy storage capacities.
  • Storage capacity refers to how much energy may be stored in a given energy storage device or system. Storage capacity and energy storage density may largely determine how much power is available from a given hybrid energy storage system over a given a period of time.
  • the amount of power required by a load at a given time depends on several factors. For example, a residential home may require variable amounts of electrical power during daylight hours, but may require reduced and steady amounts of electrical power during nighttime hours. Likewise, a factory may require considerably more electrical power than a residential home and the required power may be relatively constant regardless of the time of day. Furthermore, by way of example, use of a computer or using a cell phone may require smaller amounts of electrical power for shorter periods of time.
  • a plot of the amount of power or electrical energy required by a load versus time is herein referred to as the expected energy requirement profile of the load.
  • energy refers to the product of power and time. Optimization of a hybrid energy storage system for use with an energy source may be dependent on the physical characteristics and application of the load including (but not limited to) an expected energy requirement profile of the load, the energy density of the hybrid energy storage system, the location of the energy source, the type of energy source, the location of the hybrid energy storage system, and the portability of the hybrid energy storage system.
  • a renewable energy system 102 includes a renewable energy source 104 , an energy converter 106 , AC electrical energy 108 , transmission lines 110 , a load 112 , an energy flow controller 114 , and a hybrid energy storage system 116 .
  • the renewable energy system 102 is configured to provide alternating current (AC) electrical energy 108 to the load 112 from the renewable energy source 104 .
  • Energy from the renewable energy source 104 is converted to AC electrical energy 108 and its phase and frequency are corrected by the energy converter 106 .
  • the AC electrical energy 108 is transmitted to the load 112 through the transmission lines 110 .
  • the load 112 may be a single user, consumer, factory, community, or an electrical grid used to distribute AC electrical energy to any number of consumers, users, factories, or communities.
  • the load 112 may be a portion of a dwelling such as a home or factory (e.g., a single circuit within the dwelling) or multiple dwellings such as multiple homes or factories.
  • the load 112 When the renewable energy source 104 is not providing energy because of weather or other disturbances, the load 112 receives the AC electrical energy 118 from the hybrid energy storage system 116 . Similarly, when the transmission line 110 becomes inoperable because of weather or other disturbances, the load 112 receives AC electrical energy 118 from the hybrid energy storage system 116 .
  • the hybrid energy storage system 116 may be located either close to the load 112 or some distance from the load 112 . If the hybrid energy storage system 116 is located some distance from the load 112 , either the transmission lines 110 may be configured and connected to the hybrid energy system 116 to provide the AC electrical energy 118 to the load 112 or another suitable transmission device may be used.
  • the load 112 may not receive AC electrical energy 118 from the hybrid energy storage system 116 unless or until the hybrid energy storage system 116 has been replenished.
  • the hybrid energy storage system 116 may be replenished by energy flow controller 114 via the renewable energy source 104 or some other energy source (not shown) managed by the energy flow controller 114 .
  • a more detailed block diagram of the renewable energy system 102 illustrates a sense component 120 and storage control 122 of the energy flow controller 114 .
  • the energy flow controller 114 includes a sense component 120 and a storage control 122 configured to sense, determine, react to, and control the loss of the renewable energy source 104 and/or loss of the transmission lines 110 function.
  • the sense component 120 may be configured to facilitate determining an energy output provided by the renewable energy source 104 and/or loss of the transmission lines 110 by sensing one or more physical parameters of the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110 . These physical parameters may include (but are not limited to) voltage, current, time, temperature, and strain.
  • Direct physical contact between the sense component 120 and/or the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110 may be utilized to facilitate accurate measurement of the physical parameters.
  • measuring voltage may utilize a direct connection of voltmeter probe(s) to the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110
  • temperature measurement may utilize direct physical contact of a thermistor or thermometer to the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110 .
  • Direct physical contact methods of measurement include (but are not limited to) analog, digital and/or other comparison techniques.
  • Indirect methods may also be utilized to measure the physical parameters associated with the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110 .
  • measuring the physical parameters may not be possible using direct measurement techniques because the renewable energy source 104 and/or the transmission lines 110 may be isolated or in a remote (or inaccessible) location.
  • Indirect measurement techniques may include (but are not limited to) inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and optical coupling.
  • the storage control 122 may be implemented as hardware, software or a combination of both.
  • the storage control 122 may be programmable, and may receive input from the sense component 120 .
  • the storage control 122 may apply application logic to input signal(s), for example, signals received from the sense component 120 , and may provide output signal(s) for further system use, including supplying energy to the hybrid energy storage 116 .
  • the storage control 122 may use stochastic and/or adaptive control techniques (i.e., learning algorithms) to provide for optimal control, selection, switching, synchronization and any other functions necessary to select and use one of several different energy storage devices available to capture (i.e., store) energy and supply the AC electrical energy to the load 112 .
  • the hybrid energy storage system 116 comprises the energy conversion 124 , the energy storage devices 126 , and the energy conversion 128 .
  • the energy conversion 124 provides for conversion of AC electrical energy into a compatible form of energy for storage or capture in a particular energy storage medium or device.
  • the energy conversion 124 may facilitate replenishing the energy in energy storage 126 after depletion, or at any charge level of energy storage 126 .
  • Various components may provide systems and methods for converting energy for storage in the energy storage devices 126 .
  • AC electrical energy may be used to power an air compressor to produce compressed air for storage in a cavern or tank.
  • electrical energy may be used to power a battery charger, alternator, or other electrical machine for charging an electrochemical cell or battery.
  • the energy storage devices 126 store or capture energy provided by the energy conversion 124 for later providing the stored energy to the energy conversion 128 such that the stored energy may be supplied by the energy conversion 128 to the load 112 as AC electrical energy (i.e., power).
  • a first energy storage device might be an electrochemical cell, battery, or array thereof;
  • a second energy storage device might be a group of fuel cells;
  • a third energy storage device of the energy storage devices 126 might be a pumped hydro storage medium.
  • the quantity (number) and types of energy storage mediums used in the energy storage devices 126 is dependent upon the configuration and location of the renewable energy system, a desired energy density of the renewable energy system 102 , and a desired capacity of the renewable energy system 102 .
  • one renewable energy system 102 may utilize two different energy storage mediums in energy storage devices 126 , while a different renewable energy system 102 may utilize four different energy storage mediums in energy storage devices 126 .
  • Energy storage devices are generally selected to minimize the overall operating expense of the hybrid energy storage system. The overall operating expense includes initial purchase of materials, installation, and maintenance over the useful life of the hybrid energy storage system.
  • the 10% of the energy storage capacity is achieved via lithium ion battery, 30% of the energy storage capacity is achieved via sodium sulfur battery, and 60% of the energy storage capacity is achieved via lead acid battery.
  • the lithium ion battery is used for the majority of cycles (i.e., storage or discharge to stabilize the power provided from the energy source 104 to the load 112 ) due to its high cycle life and high price for a given capacity.
  • the sodium sulfur battery is used for longer or deeper cycles due to its balance of cycle life and price for a given capacity.
  • the lead acid battery is used for very long cycles because of its low price for a given capacity and low cycle life.
  • the energy conversion 124 converts the stored energy in the energy storage devices 126 into AC electrical energy 118 for transmission to the load 112 .
  • the energy stored in the hybrid energy storage system 116 is not in a form compatible with an electric grid (e.g., transmission lines 110 ) or in phase with and of the same frequency as energy being supplied to a user.
  • Various systems and methods are utilized to convert energy from a particular energy storage medium into AC electrical energy 118 for transmission to the load 112 . For example, releasing energy from a pumped hydro reservoir involves releasing water from the reservoir and allowing gravity to draw the released water through a turbine that turns an electrical generator that produces AC electrical energy 118 .
  • this system would also include a device for matching the phase and frequency of the AC electrical energy 118 to energy already being supplied to the load 112 .
  • a fuel cell may be the energy input to an inverter that produces AC electrical energy 118 as an output.
  • an inverter is used to convert energy from an electrochemical cell into AC electrical energy 118 .
  • one embodiment of the storage control 122 comprises various functional elements, such as an analog to digital converter 130 , a timer function 132 , a central processing unit (CPU) function 134 and a communication function 136 .
  • various functional elements such as an analog to digital converter 130 , a timer function 132 , a central processing unit (CPU) function 134 and a communication function 136 .
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Elements of the storage control 122 may be implemented as hardware, software or a combination of both. Stochastic and/or adaptive control techniques may provide for optimal control, selection, switching, synchronization and other functions to select and utilize one of several different energy storage devices 126 available to supply energy for conversion to AC electrical energy 118 to load 112 . In addition, AC electrical energy is supplied as available to hybrid energy storage system 116 to replenish and maintain desired or optimum energy levels in the energy storage devices 126 . Other functions may be present in storage control 122 without departing from the scope of this disclosure such as energy balancing between the energy storage devices 126 .
  • Communication and control among the components of the system 102 may be accomplished through any suitable communication channels, such as, for example, a telephone network, an extranet, an intranet, Internet, point of interaction device (point of sale device, personal digital assistant (e.g., Palm Pilot®, Blackberry®, cellular phone, kiosk, etc.), online communications, satellite communications, off-line communications, wireless communications, transponder communications, local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), networked or linked devices, keyboard, mouse and/or any suitable communication or data input modality.
  • the communications protocol between the components may include both serial and parallel data transmission.
  • a method 500 for using a plurality of hybrid energy source storage mediums and devices of varying capacities for stabilizing power provided by a renewable energy source is shown.
  • the CPU function 134 determines if renewable energy source 104 is available. If the renewable energy source is not available, the CPU function 134 , at step 150 , selects a hybrid energy storage device or system for supplying energy for conversion into AC electrical energy at step 152 . The AC electrical energy from step 152 is transmitted to load 112 at step 148 . If the renewable energy source is available at step 138 , then the renewable energy is converted into AC electrical energy at step 140 .
  • the CPU 134 determines if the hybrid energy storage system 116 should be replenished.
  • step 146 the availability of the transmission line 110 is determined by CPU function 134 . If the transmission line 110 is not available, the CPU function 134 moves to step 150 where the optimum energy storage device is selected. If the transmission line 110 is available at step 146 , AC electrical energy is transmitted to the load 122 at step 148 from the optimum energy storage device via an appropriate energy conversion.
  • a system 600 provides energy to a load 602 .
  • the system 600 includes an energy source 604 , an energy flow controller 606 , a first energy storage device 608 , and a second energy storage device 610 .
  • the first energy storage device 608 and second energy storage device 610 make up a hybrid energy storage system 612 .
  • the energy source 604 may be a renewable energy source such as a wind turbine or a solar panel providing a relatively variable power supply, or a nonrenewable energy source such as a gas turbine providing a relatively constant power supply. In either case, an immediate energy requirement of the load 602 varies, and the energy flow controller 606 selectively stores energy in the energy storage devices and provides power from the energy storage devices such that the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 is met.
  • the energy flow controller 606 may directly connect the energy source 604 to the load 602 and selectively capture and provide energy to this connection, or the energy flow controller 606 may contain phase, frequency, and amplitude matching devices necessary for connecting the energy source 604 to the load. Further, in one embodiment, the energy flow controller 606 manages multiple energy sources to meet the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 .
  • a gas turbine is directly connected to the load 602
  • a wind turbine is connected to the load 602 via the energy flow controller 606
  • the energy flow controller selectively stores energy from the wind turbine and gas turbine as a function of the power being provided by each energy source and the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 .
  • a first energy storage device is a lithium based electrochemical cell accounting for 10% of the total storage capacity of the energy storage devices
  • a second energy storage device is a sodium sulfur or NiCad electrochemical cell accounting for 30% of the total storage capacity of the energy storage devices
  • a third energy storage device is a lead acid electrochemical cell accounting for 60% of the total storage capacity of the energy storage devices.
  • the energy flow controller 606 comprises an energy converter 702 , a controller 704 , a power monitor 706 , a first energy level monitor 708 , and a second energy level monitor 710 .
  • the energy converter 702 receives power from the energy source 604 and converters the power for storage in either of the first energy storage device 608 and second energy storage device 610 , or provides the power to the load 602 .
  • At least one of the energy storage device 608 , 610 is an electrochemical cell
  • the energy converter 702 comprises a rectifier for converting power from the energy source 604 into energy for storage in at least one of energy storage devices 608 , 610 , and an inverter for converting energy from at least one of the energy storage devices 608 , 610 into power for the load 602 .
  • the energy converter matches the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the power to the load 602 .
  • the energy converter also converts energy stored in the first energy storage device 608 and second energy storage device 610 into power for use by the load 602 .
  • the energy converter contains a switch matrix or array of energy conversion devices for transferring energy between the energy storage devices (e.g., first and second energy storage devices 608 and 610 ).
  • the energy storage devices, 608 , 610 include energy conversion components for converting energy stored in the energy storage device into a form useful to the energy converter 702 .
  • the monitors 706 , 708 , 710 or sensors provide signals indicative of certain conditions to the controller 704 .
  • the power monitor 706 i.e., power sensor
  • the power signal is indicative of an immediate energy requirement of the load 602 to the controller 704 .
  • the power signal is indicative of a difference between the power provided by the energy source 604 and the immediate energy requirement of the load 604 .
  • the power signal is indicative of a voltage at the load 602 .
  • the first energy level monitor 708 provides a first energy level signal to the controller 704 indicative of an energy level of the first energy storage device 608 .
  • the second energy level monitor 710 provides a second energy level signal to the controller 704 indicative of an energy level of the second energy storage device 610 .
  • the first and second energy level signals are indicative of a voltage of the respective energy storage devices. In another embodiment, the first and second energy level signals are indicative of a state of charge of the respective energy storage devices determined as a function of at least one of: a voltage of the respective energy storage devices, a capacity of the respective energy storage devices, a temperature of the respective energy storage devices, a strain of the respective energy storage devices, and a current of the respective energy storage devices.
  • the controller 704 is responsive to the power signal, first energy level signal, and the second energy level signal for instructing the energy converter 702 to selectively capture and/or store energy in each of the energy storage devices (e.g., first and second energy storage devices 608 and 610 ). In one embodiment, the controller 704 instructs the energy converter 702 by selectively providing a capture signal, a switch signal, a discharge signal, a first transfer signal, and a second transfer signal to the energy converter 702 .
  • a capture signal e.g., a switch signal, a discharge signal, a first transfer signal, and a second transfer signal.
  • each signal may be provided on a dedicated line to the energy converter 702 , or the signals may be transmitted to the energy converter 702 as a set of states of the signals via a packet of information in a serial transmission format.
  • the energy converter 702 is responsive to the capture signal for storing energy provided by the energy source 604 in at least one of the energy storage devices 608 , 610 .
  • the energy converter 702 is responsive to the switch signal for operating a switch matrix or array of energy conversion devices within the energy converter 702 to direct energy being stored to at least one energy storage device selected by the controller 704 or for determining which of the energy storage devices to extract energy from for conversion and supply to the load 602 .
  • the energy converter 702 is responsive to the discharge signal for extracting energy from at least one of the energy storage devices 608 , 610 , converting the extracted energy to power for the load 602 , and providing the power to the load.
  • the energy converter 702 is responsive to the first transfer signal for transferring energy from the first energy storage device 608 to the second energy storage device 610 .
  • the energy converter 702 is responsive to the second transfer signal for transferring energy from the second energy storage device 610 to the first energy storage device 608 .
  • a method of selecting an energy storage device for capturing energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 begins at 802 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 does not exceed the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the method ends at 806 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the controller 704 determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available at 808 .
  • determining whether the first energy storage device 608 is available comprises at least one of: determining whether the energy level of the first energy storage device 608 is at a maximum threshold of the first energy storage device 608 , determining whether a temperature of the first energy storage device 608 exceeds a predetermined temperature limit, determining whether a number of cycles of the first energy storage device 608 exceeds a predetermine cycle limit, determining whether a storage discharge efficiency of the first energy storage device 608 has decreased below a predetermined minimum, and determining whether a strain of the first energy storage device 608 exceeds a predetermined strain.
  • the controller determines that the first energy storage device 608 is available and proceeds to store energy in the first energy storage device at 810 and continues back to 804 . If the first energy storage device 608 is not available, then the controller 704 proceeds to determine whether the second energy storage device 610 is available at 812 .
  • the second energy storage device 610 is a sodium sulfur electrochemical cell and availability is determined based on conditions similar to those of the first energy storage device 608 .
  • the controller 704 instructs the energy converter 702 to capture (i.e., store) energy in the second energy storage device 610 at 814 and proceeds back to 804 . If the second energy storage device 610 is not available at 812 , then the controller 704 ends at 806 . Optionally, the controller 704 may instruct the energy converter 704 to reduce the flow of power form the energy source 604 to the load 602 to protect the load 602 from excessive power.
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 8 in response to the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeding the power provided by the energy source 604 .
  • a method of selecting an energy storage device for capturing energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 begins at 902 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 does not exceed the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the method ends at 906 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the controller 704 determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available at 908 .
  • the controller 704 proceeds to capture energy in the first energy storage device at 910 and continues to 912 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether energy has been being captured in the first energy storage device for a first predetermined amount of time. If energy has not yet been being captured in the first energy storage device 608 for the first predetermined amount of time, then the controller 704 proceeds back to 912 . Alternatively, if energy has been being captured in the first energy storage device 608 for the first predetermined amount of time, then the controller 704 proceeds to determine whether the second energy storage device is available at 914 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the second energy storage device 610 is available. If the second energy storage device 610 is available at 914 , then the controller 704 instructs the energy converter 702 to capture (i.e., store) energy in the second energy storage device 610 at 916 and proceeds back to 904 . If the second energy storage device 610 is not available at 914 , then the controller 704 ends the process at 906 . Optionally, the controller 704 may instruct the energy converter 704 to reduce the flow of power form the energy source 604 to the load 602 to protect the load 602 from excessive power.
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 9 in response to the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeding the power provided by the energy source 604 .
  • a method of selecting an energy storage device to extract energy from to subsequently convert and provide to the load 602 begins at 1002 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the energy provided by the energy source 604 . If the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 does not exceed the energy being provided by the energy source 604 , then the process ends at 1006 . If the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the energy being provided by the energy source 604 , then the controller 704 continues to 1008 and determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available.
  • Availability of the first energy storage device 608 for discharge is determined based on the same conditions as for capturing energy in the first energy storage device 608 except that the controller 704 determines whether the energy level of the first energy storage device 608 is at a first minimum threshold instead of a first maximum threshold. If the first energy storage device 608 is available at 1008 , then the controller 704 provides the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the energy converter extracts energy from the first energy storage device 608 , converts the energy to power for the load 602 and provides the converted power to the load 602 at 1010 . If the first energy storage device 608 is not available at 1008 , then the controller proceeds to 1012 and determines whether the second energy storage device is available.
  • the process ends at 1006 . If the second energy storage device 610 is available, then the controller 704 provides the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the energy converter 702 extracts energy from the second energy storage device 610 , converts the energy to power for the load 602 and provides the converted power to the load 602 at 1014 . The controller 704 then proceeds back to 1004 .
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 10 in response to the power provided by the energy source 604 meeting and/or exceeding the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 .
  • a method of selecting an energy storage device to extract energy from to subsequently convert and provide to the load 602 begins at 1102 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the energy provided by the energy source 604 . If the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 does not exceed the energy being provided by the energy source 604 , then the process ends at 1106 . If the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the energy being provided by the energy source 604 , then the controller 704 continues to 1108 and determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available.
  • Availability of the first energy storage device 608 for discharge is determined based on the same conditions as for capturing energy in the first energy storage device 608 except that the controller 704 determines whether the energy level of the first energy storage device 608 is at a first minimum threshold instead of a first maximum threshold. If the first energy storage device is available at 1108 , then at 1110 , the controller 704 then determines whether energy has been being provided from the first energy storage device for a second predetermined amount of time.
  • the controller 704 determines that the first energy storage device 608 is available at 1108 and that energy has not been being provided from the first energy storage device 608 to the load 602 for the second predetermined amount of time, then the controller 704 provides the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the energy converter 702 extracts energy from the first energy storage device 608 , converts the energy to power for load 602 and provides the converted power to the load 602 at 1010 . If the controller 704 determines that the first energy storage device 608 is not available at 1108 or that energy has been being provided from the first energy storage device 608 to the load 602 for the second predetermined amount of time at 1110 , then the processor 704 proceeds to determine whether the second energy storage device 610 is available at 1114 .
  • the process ends at 1106 . If the second energy storage device 610 is not available, then the process ends at 1106 . If the second energy storage device 610 is available, then the controller 704 provides the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the energy converter 702 extracts energy from the second energy storage device 610 , converts the energy to power for load 602 and provides the converted power to the load 602 at 1116 . The controller 704 then proceeds back to 1104 .
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 11 in response to the power provided by the energy source 604 meeting and/or exceeding the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 .
  • a method of capturing energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 begins at 1202 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , and if not, the process ends at 1206 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the controller 704 determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available for capturing energy at 1208 .
  • the controller 704 sends the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that energy is captured in the first energy storage device 608 up to an intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 at 1210 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the difference between the energy provided by the energy source 604 and the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 . If the difference between the energy provided by the energy source 604 and the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 does not exceed the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 , then the controller 704 proceeds back to 1204 .
  • the controller 704 proceeds to determine whether the second energy storage device 610 is available at 1214 . If the second energy storage device 610 is not available, then the controller 704 proceeds back to 1204 . If the second energy storage device 610 is available, then the controller 704 sends the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the second energy storage device 610 captures the energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of the sum of the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 and the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 at 1216 , and the controller proceeds back to 1204 .
  • the controller 704 varies the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device, the intake rate threshold of the second energy storage device, the discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device, and the discharge rate threshold of the second energy storage device as a function of at least one of: a cooling capacity associated with the energy storage device, a heat dissipation coefficient of the energy storage device, an expected ambient air temperature profile, an expected energy requirement of the load, an expected cycle rate profile, and an energy production profile for the energy source.
  • the controller 704 varies the intake and discharge rate thresholds as a function of this acquired, site specific data in order to maximize the efficiency of the overall system 600 .
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 12 in response to the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeding the power provided by the energy source 604 .
  • a method of capturing energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 begins at 1302 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , and if not, the process ends at 1306 . If the energy provided by the energy source 604 exceeds the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 , then the controller 704 determines whether the first energy storage device 608 is available for capturing energy at 1308 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether the difference between the energy provided by the energy source 604 and the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 at 1310 . If not, the controller 704 sends the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that energy is captured in the first energy storage device 608 at 1312 and then proceeds back to 1304 . If the difference between the energy provided by the energy source 604 and the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeds the intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device 608 at 1310 or the first energy storage device is not available at 1308 , then the controller 704 proceeds to determine whether the second energy storage device 610 is available at 1314 .
  • the process ends at 1306 . If the second energy storage device 610 is not available, then the process ends at 1306 . If the second energy storage device 610 is available, then the controller 704 sends the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that the second energy storage device 610 captures the energy provided by the energy source 604 in excess of immediate energy requirement of the load at 1316 , and the controller proceeds back to 1304 .
  • the method of FIG. 13 can also be applied when discharging the energy storage device 608 , 610 in order to match the power output of the energy flow controller 606 to the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 .
  • the controller 704 can be configured to instantly interrupt the method of FIG. 13 in response to the immediate energy requirement of the load 602 exceeding the power provided by the energy source 604 .
  • a method of balancing the energy levels of the first and second energy storage devices 608 , 610 begins at 1402 .
  • the controller 704 determines whether a predetermined time interval has passed. If the predetermined time interval has been reached, then at 1406 , the controller 704 sends the appropriate transfer signals to the energy converter 702 such that energy is transferred between the first energy storage device 608 and second energy storage device 610 until the first energy storage device reaches a first predetermined level, and the controller proceeds back to 1402 . If the predetermined time interval has not been reached, then the controller 704 proceeds to determine whether an energy level of any of the energy storage devices has reaches a maximum threshold or a minimum threshold at 1408 .
  • the processor 704 proceeds back to 1402 . If so, at 1410 , the processor 704 sends the appropriate signals to the energy converter 702 such that energy is transferred from an energy storage device that has reached its maximum threshold or such that energy is transferred to an energy storage device that has reached its minimum threshold. The processor 704 ceases the energy transfer when the energy storage device that had reached its maximum or minimum threshold reaches a predetermined level of the energy storage device. In one embodiment, the predetermined levels associated with each energy storage device vary as a function of an expected energy requirement profile of the load and as a function of an expected energy output profile of the energy source.
  • predetermined levels i.e., first and second predetermined levels
  • target states of charge e.g., percent of capacity
  • a system 1500 stabilizes power provided from an energy source to a load.
  • the system 1500 connects to a bus 1502 between the energy source and the load via a transformer 1504 .
  • the energy source is a mix of gas turbine energy and wind energy wherein the mix of wind energy varies from 15 percent to 35 percent of the supplied energy and the load varies from about 85 MW to 210 MW in total.
  • the energy requirement profile of the load is a 24 hour profile for each season, and the energy output profile of the energy source is also a 24 hour profile for each season.
  • the energy profiles are used to determine variables within the system (e g, minimum and maximum energy levels for each energy storage device, predetermined target energy levels for each energy storage device, etc.). In this system, almost 90% of the cycles are in the range of 2 to 4 MW/minute.
  • the transformer 1504 is a 480Y/277V-22900 ⁇ 2500 kVA transformer available from a number of commercial suppliers known to one skilled in the art.
  • the bus 1502 is 22.9 kV at approximately 60 Hz.
  • the system 1500 includes a first sodium sulfur battery 1506 , a second sodium sulfur battery 1508 , a lithium ion battery 1510 , and a lead acid battery 1512 .
  • the lithium ion battery 1510 accounts for 10% of the storage capacity of this system 1500 .
  • the sodium sulfur batteries 1506 and 1508 account for 30% of the capacity of this system 1500 .
  • the lead acid battery accounts for 60% of the capacity of this system 1500 . In this example, a system employing only lead acid batteries would have a 3-4 year life expectancy while this mix of storage devices provides a life expectancy of 10-15 years.
  • Each of the batteries has an associated direct current (DC) chopper 1514 , 1516 , 1518 , and 1520 and an associated charger 1522 , 1524 , 1526 , and 1528 .
  • DC direct current
  • the first and/or second DC choppers 1514 and 1516 regulate power from the first and/or second sodium sulfur batteries 1506 and 1508 to a first inverter 1530 .
  • the first inverter 1530 converts the DC power from the first and/or second DC choppers 1514 and 1516 to an alternating current (AC) 480V signal at 60 Hz.
  • a first filter 1534 removes any harmonic noise from the 60 Hz 480V signal and provides it to a first meter 1538 .
  • the first meter 1538 monitors the flow of energy to and from the system 1500 to the bus 1502 to collect data for use in refining the algorithms determining which of the batteries to store energy in and provide energy from depending on other system conditions.
  • the third and/or fourth DC choppers 1518 and 1520 regulate power from the lithium ion batter 1510 and/or the lead acid battery 1512 to the second inverter 1532 .
  • the second inverter 1532 provides a 480V 60 Hz signal to the second harmonic filter 1536 which filters the signal for the second meter 1540 .
  • the energy from the first and second meters 1538 and 1540 passes through the transformer 1504 to the bus 1502 .
  • the first and/or second meters 1538 and 1540 receive power from the transformer 1504 and provide the power to any of the first, second, third, and/or fourth chargers 1522 , 1524 , 1526 , and 1528 .
  • Each charger converts the received 480V 60 HZ power into DC power for its respective battery.
  • the batteries 1506 , 1508 , 1510 , and 1512 may receive energy from their respective chargers 1522 , 1524 , 1526 , and 1528 at different voltages and store energy at different DC voltages. Further, the chargers may be set up to provide bulk charging and individual cell charging and equalization for cells within each of their respective batteries.
  • a system for stabilizing energy provided by a gas turbine based power plant to a load utilizes a mix of 10% lithium ion batteries, 30% sodium sulfur batteries, and 60% lead acid batteries.
  • the energy requirement profile of the load is a 24 hour profile for each season.
  • the gas turbines generators can operate at a near constant output level, and it is optimal to do so, the immediate energy requirement of the load varies.
  • the power plant is required to vary the output level of the gas turbine generators while keeping diesel generators on standby for any power requirement variance beyond the capability of the operating gas turbine generators.
  • the hybrid energy storage system enables the gas turbines to operate at optimal efficiency while reducing or eliminating the need for the power plant to keep diesel generators on standby which reduces emissions and costs of the power plant.
  • a portable system for stabilizing energy provided by a wind turbine includes a flywheel, lithium ion batteries, and lead acid batteries.
  • the energy requirement profile of the load may be unknown due to the portable nature of the system while the energy output profile of the energy source (i.e., wind turbine or turbines) varies on a 24 hour cycle.
  • the system learns the 24 hour energy requirement profile of the load and adjusts the control variables to optimize the energy efficiency of the system.
  • the wind turbine may be any turbine offered by, for example, Vestas Wind Systems or General Electric Company (e.g., the V47-660 kW from Vestas Wind Systems).
  • the system is designed for maximum energy storage density and ease of use such that it is portable and can provide constant power to a small to moderate load using renewable energy.
  • This system can replace or augment on site power generation currently provided by small internal combustion engine generators or diesel generators.
  • the system may also utilize solar cells to provide power to the load.
  • a system in another example, includes one or more large wind turbines, such as those available from Vestas Wind Systems or General Electric Company (e.g., the General Electric 2.5MW wind turbine or the V112-3.0MW from Vestas Wind Systems) to provide power to a factory.
  • a factory generally has a relatively constant power usage for given period of time while the wind turbines vary in their power output.
  • the system may use a 24 hour energy requirement profile for the load that does not change with the season while using a 24 hour energy profile for the wind turbines for each season.
  • the hybrid energy storage system comprises a flywheel array and a lead acid battery array.
  • the flywheels operate to respond to sharp differences between power provided by the wind turbines and power required by the factory while the lead acid battery array is used to provide power to the factory during periods of low wind.
  • the system may also have input from a power plant or be able to utilize diesel generators at the factory in case a wind outage outlast the ability of the lead acid battery array to continuously provide the power required by the factory.
  • a method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load comprises determining an intake rate threshold of each of a first and second energy storage devices and a discharge rate threshold of each of the first and second energy storage devices as a function of at least one of: a type of the energy storage device, an initial capacity of the energy storage device, an characteristic internal resistance of the energy storage device, a chemical resistance of the energy storage device, an electrolyte of the energy storage device, a temperature of the energy storage device, a state of charge of the energy storage device, a capacity loss of the energy storage device, an intake efficiency of the energy storage device, and a discharge efficiency of the energy storage device.
  • a method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load comprises varying an intake rate threshold of a first energy storage device, an intake rate threshold of a second energy storage device, a discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device, and a discharge rate threshold of the second energy storage device as a function of at least one of: a cooling capacity associated with the energy storage device, a heat dissipation coefficient of the energy storage device, an ambient air temperature profile, an energy requirement of the load, an cycle rate profile, and an energy production profile for the energy source.
  • a method of stabilizing power provided by an energy source to a load comprises capturing energy in one of a first energy storage device a second energy storage device and a third energy storage device. The method further comprises capturing in a third energy storage device, energy produced by the energy source in excess of an immediate energy requirement of the load if an energy level of the second energy storage device is at a second maximum threshold.
  • the first energy storage device comprises an array of lithium based electrochemical cells.
  • the second energy storage device comprises at least one of an array of sodium sulfuric electrochemical cells and an array of nickel cadmium electrochemical cells.
  • the third energy storage device comprises an array of lead acid electrochemical cells.
  • the third energy storage device has a greater energy storage capacity than the second energy storage device.
  • the second energy storage device has a greater energy storage capacity than the first energy storage device.
  • a system for providing power to a load comprises an energy source, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and an energy flow controller comprising a power monitor, a first energy level monitor, a second energy level monitor, an energy converter, and a controller.
  • An intake rate threshold of each of the first and second energy storage devices and a discharge rate threshold of each of the first and second energy storage devices are determined by the energy flow controller as a function of at least one of: a type of the energy storage device, an initial capacity of the energy storage device, an characteristic internal resistance of the energy storage device, a chemical resistance of the energy storage device, an electrolyte of the energy storage device, a temperature of the energy storage device, a state of charge of the energy storage device, a capacity loss of the energy storage device, an intake efficiency of the energy storage device, and a discharge efficiency of the energy storage device.
  • a system for providing power to a load comprises an energy source, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and an energy flow controller comprising a power monitor, a first energy level monitor, a second energy level monitor, an energy converter, and a controller.
  • the energy flow controller varies an intake rate threshold of the first energy storage device, an intake rate threshold of the second energy storage device, a discharge rate threshold of the first energy storage device, and a discharge rate threshold of the second energy storage device as a function of at least one of: a cooling capacity associated with the energy storage device, a heat dissipation coefficient of the energy storage device, an ambient air temperature profile, an energy requirement of the load, an cycle rate profile, and an energy production profile for the energy source.
  • a system for providing power to a load comprises an energy source, a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, and an energy flow controller comprising a power monitor, a first energy level monitor, a second energy level monitor, an energy converter, and a controller.
  • the system further comprises a third energy storage device for selectively capturing power and selectively providing captured power.
  • the first energy storage device comprises an array of lithium based electrochemical cells.
  • the second energy storage device comprises at least one of an array of sodium sulfuric electrochemical cells and an array of nickel cadmium electrochemical cells.
  • the third energy storage device comprises an array of lead acid electrochemical cells.
  • the third energy storage device has a greater energy storage capacity than the second energy storage device, and the second energy storage device has a greater energy storage capacity than the first energy storage device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US12/752,769 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same Abandoned US20100308765A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/752,769 US20100308765A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16585109P 2009-04-01 2009-04-01
US12/752,769 US20100308765A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100308765A1 true US20100308765A1 (en) 2010-12-09

Family

ID=42316104

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/752,675 Active 2031-04-30 US8427098B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same
US12/752,769 Abandoned US20100308765A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same
US13/836,809 Ceased US8638061B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2013-03-15 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same
US14/694,682 Active USRE46156E1 (en) 2009-04-01 2015-04-23 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/752,675 Active 2031-04-30 US8427098B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-04-01 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/836,809 Ceased US8638061B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2013-03-15 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same
US14/694,682 Active USRE46156E1 (en) 2009-04-01 2015-04-23 Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (4) US8427098B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2415140B1 (es)
JP (1) JP5395251B2 (es)
CN (1) CN102449873A (es)
AP (1) AP3970A (es)
BR (1) BRPI1014063B1 (es)
DE (1) DE10725540T1 (es)
EG (1) EG26543A (es)
ES (1) ES2538136T1 (es)
RU (1) RU2506679C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2010115006A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA201107194B (es)

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120232711A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2012-09-13 Kyocera Corporation Control system, correction device, and power control method
CN102946120A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 中盛光电能源股份有限公司 一种光伏微网系统
US20130221896A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Power supply method, power supply device, and base station
US20140015471A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage device for a photovoltaic system, and method for operating an energy storage device of a photovoltaic system
US20140033707A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power plant and heat supply method
US20140046567A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2014-02-13 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Method for operating a vehicle and driver assistance device
US20140337002A1 (en) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Instant Access Networks, Llc Method and Instrumentation for Sustainable Energy Load Flow Management System (SelfMaster(TM))
US20140365027A1 (en) * 2012-01-06 2014-12-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Power grid stabilization system and power grid stabilization method
CN105226682A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-01-06 国家电网公司 一种混合储能平抑光伏功率波动方法
US20160072291A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-03-10 Mada Energie Ltd Energy processing and storage
US9438311B1 (en) * 2015-08-25 2016-09-06 Logitech Europe S.A. Power efficient mesh network
US20160329712A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-11-10 Shailesh Upreti System and method for optimizing energy supplied from energy sources to load devices
EP3151367A1 (en) * 2015-08-26 2017-04-05 The AES Corporation Battery backup capacity method and system
US9801234B2 (en) 2015-08-25 2017-10-24 Logitech Europe S.A. Power efficient mesh network
US9870593B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2018-01-16 Hatch Ltd. System, method and controller for managing and controlling a micro-grid
US20180058336A1 (en) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-01 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. Energy weapon having a fast start turbine for a high power generator
US20190064757A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy management with multiple pressurized storage elements
US20190074709A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2019-03-07 Nec Corporation Power control apparatus, power control system, and power control method
WO2019046687A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. ENERGY MANAGEMENT WITH MULTIPLE PRESSED STORAGE ELEMENTS
US20190199094A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Raytheon Company System and method for modulating high power in a submersible energy storage vessel utilizing high voltage dc transmission
CN109964381A (zh) * 2016-09-15 2019-07-02 南特能源公司 混合电池组系统
US20190234305A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-08-01 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy storage and management using pumping
US20190280483A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-09-12 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Power management across point of source to point of load
US10417719B2 (en) * 2015-02-23 2019-09-17 Nec Corporation Electric energy adjustment apparatus, system, method and program
WO2019199688A1 (en) * 2018-04-09 2019-10-17 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy storage and management using pumping
US10606551B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-03-31 Logitech Europe S.A. Content streaming apparatus and method
US10804699B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2020-10-13 Vivint, Inc. Power production monitoring or control
US10904446B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-01-26 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10951858B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-03-16 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10965908B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-03-30 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10972655B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-04-06 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US11038704B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-06-15 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US20210194255A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-06-24 Lg Chem, Ltd. Energy hub apparatus and energy management method
US11053912B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2021-07-06 Magnelan Technologies Inc. Wind turbine for facilitating laminar flow
US11088861B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-08-10 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11095467B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-08-17 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US20210333029A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2021-10-28 Energy Internet Corporation Controlled refrigeration and liquefaction using compatible materials for energy management
US20210349152A1 (en) * 2018-01-03 2021-11-11 Bloom Energy Corporation Grid islanded fuel cell installation for data center load
US11258982B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2022-02-22 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11261107B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2022-03-01 Energy Internet Corporation Desalination using pressure vessels
US11392100B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2022-07-19 Energy Internet Corporation Modularized energy management using pooling
US11418559B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-08-16 Logitech Europe S.A. Content distribution system
US11445457B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-09-13 Logitech Europe S.A. Content distribution system
US11566839B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2023-01-31 Energy Internet Corporation Controlled liquefaction and energy management
US11962159B1 (en) * 2022-10-05 2024-04-16 8Me Nova, Llc Seasonal electrical resource allocation
US12000898B2 (en) * 2021-07-19 2024-06-04 Bloom Energy Corporation Grid islanded fuel cell installation for data center load

Families Citing this family (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2538136T1 (es) 2009-04-01 2015-06-17 Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc Sistema de almacenamiento de energía híbrido, sistema de energía renovable que incluye el sistema de almacenamiento, y procedimiento de uso del mismo
DE102009030319A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2011-02-03 Enocean Gmbh Versorgungsenergieanordnung und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Versorgungsenergie
JP2012019648A (ja) * 2010-07-09 2012-01-26 Sony Corp 給電装置およびワイヤレス給電システム
US20120065801A1 (en) * 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Comverge, Inc. Method and system for controlling a building load in tandem with a replenishable energy source in order to increase the apparent size of the replenishable energy source
JP5651424B2 (ja) * 2010-10-14 2015-01-14 株式会社東芝 電力安定化システムおよび電力安定化方法
GB2489707B (en) * 2011-04-04 2013-02-20 Geraint Wyn Davies Waste electricity recycling processor
EP2736144A4 (en) * 2011-07-22 2015-04-01 Kyocera Corp CONTROLLER AND POWER CONTROL METHOD
EP2555140A1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-06 Alcatel Lucent A method, a system, a server for operating a power grid
US9184625B1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2015-11-10 Logitech Europe S.A. System and method for solar keyboard power management
US8829847B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2014-09-09 Blackberry Limited Hybrid battery system for portable electronic devices
US8509861B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2013-08-13 Research In Motion Limited Hybrid battery system for portable electronic devices
DE102012106124A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. PV Anlagendesign (Verfahren zum Bau und zur Gestaltung einer Solaranlage)
GB2511712B (en) * 2011-12-02 2016-08-17 Dcbpower Inc Electrically rechargeabe, dual chemistry, battery system for use in plug-in or hybrid electric vehicles
GB2498352A (en) * 2012-01-11 2013-07-17 Brian Malone Generated electricity diverter
WO2014033505A1 (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Robert Bosch (Sea) Pte. Ltd. Topology and control strategy for hybrid storage systems
CA2930794A1 (en) * 2012-11-15 2014-05-22 Kevin Lee Friesth Hybrid trigeneration system microgrid combined cooling, heat and power providing heating, cooling, electrical generation and energy storage using an integrated automation system for monitor, analysis and control
CN103970079B (zh) * 2013-01-30 2016-12-28 华为技术有限公司 供电系统、电子设备以及电子设备的电力分配方法
US9831706B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2017-11-28 Graham T. MacWilliams Techniques and systems for generating power using multi-spectrum energy
DE102013211951A1 (de) * 2013-06-24 2014-12-24 Younicos Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie in elektrochemischen Energiespeichern
KR101539394B1 (ko) * 2013-11-25 2015-07-28 한국전기연구원 교류공통모선형 하이브리드 전원 시스템의 제어 시스템 및 그 제어방법
US20170155274A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2017-06-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Topology and control strategy for hybrid storage systems
EP3114751A4 (en) * 2014-03-06 2017-08-30 Robert Bosch GmbH An improved hybrid storage system
US9525304B2 (en) 2014-03-20 2016-12-20 Graham T. MacWilliams Techniques and systems for charging electronic devices
US20150277410A1 (en) * 2014-03-25 2015-10-01 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Power delivery system management
US10234835B2 (en) * 2014-07-11 2019-03-19 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Management of computing devices using modulated electricity
CN104201707B (zh) * 2014-07-16 2016-08-17 电子科技大学 一种用于风电场的飞轮矩阵系统分布式分层控制方法
US10095254B2 (en) * 2015-03-25 2018-10-09 Cisco Technology, Inc. Power distribution management
CN106159980B (zh) 2015-04-14 2020-08-04 通用电气公司 发电系统和能量管理方法
US20160380460A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-29 Wind Inertia Technologies, S.L. Method and electrical energy storage unit for the of electrical power supply to a power grid node
US9800051B2 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-10-24 Ensync, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling energy flow between dissimilar energy storage devices
US11444464B1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2022-09-13 Goal Zero Llc Portable hybrid generator
FR3054384B1 (fr) * 2016-07-21 2018-08-17 Sagemcom Energy & Telecom Sas Procede pour recuperer une energie excedentaire dans une centrale de production d'energie electrique
GB2552483B (en) * 2016-07-25 2020-04-22 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Battery management apparatus and method
TWI633738B (zh) * 2016-09-07 2018-08-21 華碩電腦股份有限公司 儲能單元充放電模組及其充放電方法
US20180076644A1 (en) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-15 Kilowatt Labs, Inc. Supercapacitor based energy storage device
US11404875B2 (en) 2017-02-08 2022-08-02 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Energy management system, method of controlling one or more energy storage devices and control unit for one or more power storage units
US10343552B2 (en) * 2017-02-08 2019-07-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heterogeneous electrical energy storage system
WO2019059918A1 (en) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 Sutliff James GENERATOR SYSTEM FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION
CN107516905B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2023-09-01 北京北方三合能源技术有限公司 一种多元耦合储能系统
US10581249B2 (en) * 2017-11-14 2020-03-03 Inventus Holdings, Llc Battery energy storage system integrated with electrical generation site
JP6963490B2 (ja) * 2017-12-15 2021-11-10 株式会社デンソー 車両制御装置
WO2019246022A1 (en) * 2018-06-18 2019-12-26 Go Electric Inc. Microgrid controller with one or more sources
US11196258B2 (en) * 2018-08-03 2021-12-07 Sacramento Municipal Utility District Energy control and storage system for controlling power based on a load shape
RU2704728C1 (ru) * 2018-11-26 2019-10-30 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии (Росстандарт) Электронная система стабилизации
US11444473B2 (en) * 2019-10-15 2022-09-13 Inventus Holdings, Llc Dynamic battery charging for maximum wind/solar peak clipping recapture
RU2727967C1 (ru) * 2019-12-24 2020-07-28 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный университет" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Система электроснабжения робота

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030072977A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Speranza A. John Method and system for controlling and recovering short duration bridge power to maximize backup power
EP1528652A2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Portable independent electric power source
US20070096564A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Ryuji Maeda System and method for efficient power utilization and extension of battery life
US20080138680A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-12 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Hybrid voltage supply apparatus, method of controlling the same, and electronic system employing the same as power supply
US20080185989A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-07 Nokia Corporation Electronic device charger
US20080277173A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2008-11-13 Pvi Recharging Station and Related Electric Vehicle

Family Cites Families (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4277692A (en) 1979-06-04 1981-07-07 Tab Products Company Continuous power source with bi-directional converter
US4612610A (en) 1984-03-06 1986-09-16 Hughes Aircraft Company Power supply circuit utilizing transformer winding voltage integration for indirect primary current sensing
JPS6284340U (es) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-29
US4742291A (en) 1985-11-21 1988-05-03 Bobier Electronics, Inc. Interface control for storage battery based alternate energy systems
JPS63107426A (ja) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-12 三菱電機株式会社 人工衛星
US4847546A (en) 1987-04-07 1989-07-11 Bobier Electronics, Inc. Solar panel output enhancement circuit
US5602459A (en) 1988-07-13 1997-02-11 Electronic Development Inc. Fuel saving multi-battery charging system and method
US5343138A (en) 1990-08-27 1994-08-30 Harvey W. O'Conor Battery discharging and charging
US5262931A (en) 1991-07-19 1993-11-16 Powering, Inc. Power converter
US5302858A (en) 1991-12-11 1994-04-12 Best Power Technology, Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing battery charging in a backup power system
US5396165A (en) 1993-02-02 1995-03-07 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Efficient power transfer system
US5666006A (en) 1994-05-12 1997-09-09 Apple Computer, Inc. Circuit offering sequential discharge and simultaneous charge for a multiple battery system and method for charging multiple batteries
JPH0817474A (ja) * 1994-07-01 1996-01-19 Hitachi Ltd ＮａＳ電池温度制御装置
DE4428769C1 (de) 1994-08-13 1996-05-02 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung zur Aufladung von und/oder zum Ladungsaustausch zwischen einer Vielzahl von in Reihe geschalteten Energiespeichern
US6316925B1 (en) 1994-12-16 2001-11-13 Space Systems/Loral, Inc. Solar array peak power tracker
US5623172A (en) 1995-07-03 1997-04-22 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Two wire PIR occupancy sensor utilizing a rechargeable energy storage device
US5642267A (en) 1996-01-16 1997-06-24 California Institute Of Technology Single-stage, unity power factor switching converter with voltage bidirectional switch and fast output regulation
US5790392A (en) 1996-01-23 1998-08-04 Micro Motion, Inc. Intelligent power supply with staged loading capability
US5849426A (en) 1996-09-20 1998-12-15 Motorola, Inc. Hybrid energy storage system
US5737209A (en) 1996-10-16 1998-04-07 Stevens; Carlile Power quality and demand management module
US5744923A (en) 1996-11-22 1998-04-28 National Environmental Products, Ltd., Inc. Microprocessor-based controller for actuator motors with capacitive power backup and method therefor
US5738919A (en) 1996-11-25 1998-04-14 Motorola, Inc. Energy storage system
US5916699A (en) 1997-05-13 1999-06-29 Motorola, Inc. Hybrid energy storage system
US6087812A (en) 1997-06-13 2000-07-11 Motorola, Inc. Independent dual-switch system for extending battery life under transient loads
US5939798A (en) 1997-06-17 1999-08-17 General Electric Company Hybrid energy storage system
US5952815A (en) 1997-07-25 1999-09-14 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. Equalizer system and method for series connected energy storing devices
JP3678075B2 (ja) 1998-12-09 2005-08-03 セイコーエプソン株式会社 電源装置およびその制御方法、携帯型電子機器、計時装置およびその制御方法
US6456511B1 (en) 2000-02-17 2002-09-24 Tyco Electronics Corporation Start-up circuit for flyback converter having secondary pulse width modulation
JP2002058175A (ja) * 2000-08-07 2002-02-22 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd 独立型電源システム
JP3624831B2 (ja) 2000-12-28 2005-03-02 株式会社デンソー 車両用電源装置及びエンジン駆動規制支援装置
DE10102940A1 (de) 2001-01-23 2002-08-08 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Mikrocontroller, Schaltnetzteil, Vorschaltgerät zum Betrieb mindestens einer elektrischen Lampe und Verfahren zum Betreiben mindestens einer elektrischen Lampe
RU2294851C2 (ru) * 2001-04-05 2007-03-10 Электровайа Инк. Устройство для хранения электрической энергии и питание ею потребителей непостоянной мощности
US20040201365A1 (en) 2001-04-05 2004-10-14 Electrovaya Inc. Energy storage device for loads having variable power rates
US6559621B2 (en) 2001-05-21 2003-05-06 Cellex Power Products, Inc. Hybrid energy storage device charge equalization system and method
JP4773002B2 (ja) 2001-08-17 2011-09-14 株式会社三社電機製作所 メッキ用電源装置
DE10210099A1 (de) 2002-03-08 2003-10-02 Aloys Wobben Inselnetz und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Inselnetzes
JP2004173378A (ja) * 2002-11-19 2004-06-17 Mitsubishi Agricult Mach Co Ltd 農舎における太陽光発電システム
EP1587201A4 (en) 2003-01-24 2008-10-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp BATTERY POWER SWITCH
CA2552910C (en) * 2003-06-17 2012-09-18 Ecosol Solar Technologies, Ltd. A two stage energy storage device
TWI228859B (en) 2003-09-30 2005-03-01 Nat Univ Chung Cheng An integrating dc-to-dc electric energy converter with dual inputs of high and low voltage sources
US20060055175A1 (en) 2004-09-14 2006-03-16 Grinblat Zinovy D Hybrid thermodynamic cycle and hybrid energy system
US20060061922A1 (en) 2004-09-22 2006-03-23 Cellex Power Products, Inc. Hybrid power supply system having energy storage device protection circuit
US7689331B2 (en) 2004-12-01 2010-03-30 Ise Corporation Method of controlling engine stop-start operation for heavy-duty hybrid-electric and hybrid-hydraulic vehicles
JP4293367B2 (ja) * 2004-12-13 2009-07-08 株式会社竹中工務店 自律分散制御型蓄電システム
FR2879852A1 (fr) * 2004-12-22 2006-06-23 France Telecom Procede et systeme d'alimentation electrique autonome par energie renouvelable
US7714550B2 (en) 2005-01-24 2010-05-11 Linear Technology Corporation System and method for tracking a variable characteristic through a range of operation
CN2812377Y (zh) 2005-04-05 2006-08-30 刘迎武 可逆充电式便携装置
US7560903B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2009-07-14 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for discharging electrical energy storage cells
AU2006265902C1 (en) 2005-06-30 2010-02-11 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Dimmer having a microprocessor-controlled power supply
GB2479445B (en) 2006-08-31 2011-11-30 Wolfson Microelectronics Plc DC-DC converter circuits and methods and apparatus including such circuits
DE102006044138A1 (de) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-27 Siemens Ag Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Steuern eines Energiespeichersystems
EP2080673B1 (en) 2006-11-02 2014-03-12 Panasonic Corporation Vehicle power supply device
JP2008148408A (ja) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-26 West Japan Railway Co 電力貯蔵システムにおける蓄電装置の保温制御方法および電力貯蔵システム
JP2008148443A (ja) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-26 Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd 蓄電部を備えた自然エネルギー利用発電システム
JP2010523882A (ja) 2007-04-04 2010-07-15 クーパー テクノロジーズ カンパニー 負荷に電力を供給する方法及びシステム
US8571733B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2013-10-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle and method for controlling the same
US8648565B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2014-02-11 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply system of vehicle
TWI364901B (en) 2008-12-11 2012-05-21 Delta Electronics Inc Uninterruptible power supply with low power loss
ES2538136T1 (es) 2009-04-01 2015-06-17 Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc Sistema de almacenamiento de energía híbrido, sistema de energía renovable que incluye el sistema de almacenamiento, y procedimiento de uso del mismo

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030072977A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Speranza A. John Method and system for controlling and recovering short duration bridge power to maximize backup power
EP1528652A2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-04 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Portable independent electric power source
US20080277173A1 (en) * 2005-10-17 2008-11-13 Pvi Recharging Station and Related Electric Vehicle
US20070096564A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-03 Ryuji Maeda System and method for efficient power utilization and extension of battery life
US20080138680A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-12 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Hybrid voltage supply apparatus, method of controlling the same, and electronic system employing the same as power supply
US20080185989A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-07 Nokia Corporation Electronic device charger

Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120232711A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2012-09-13 Kyocera Corporation Control system, correction device, and power control method
US9190873B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2015-11-17 Kyocera Corporation Control system, correction device, and power control method
US9381897B2 (en) * 2010-11-30 2016-07-05 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Method for operating a vehicle and driver assistance device
US20140046567A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2014-02-13 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Method for operating a vehicle and driver assistance device
US9870593B2 (en) 2011-12-05 2018-01-16 Hatch Ltd. System, method and controller for managing and controlling a micro-grid
US9671807B2 (en) * 2012-01-06 2017-06-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Power grid stabilization system and power grid stabilization method
US20140365027A1 (en) * 2012-01-06 2014-12-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Power grid stabilization system and power grid stabilization method
US20130221896A1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-08-29 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Power supply method, power supply device, and base station
US9601937B2 (en) 2012-02-29 2017-03-21 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Power supply method, power supply device, and base station
US8698448B2 (en) * 2012-02-29 2014-04-15 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Power supply method, power supply device, and base station
US20190244310A1 (en) * 2012-05-08 2019-08-08 Instant Access Networks, Llc Method and instrumentation for sustainable energy load flow management system performing as resilient adaptive microgrid system
US10381863B2 (en) * 2012-07-13 2019-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage device for a photovoltaic system, and method for operating an energy storage device of a photovoltaic system
US20140015471A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage device for a photovoltaic system, and method for operating an energy storage device of a photovoltaic system
EP2685539B1 (de) * 2012-07-13 2018-12-19 Robert Bosch GmbH Energiespeichervorrichtung für eine Photovoltaikanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Energiespeichervorrichtung einer Photovoltaikanlage
US9512826B2 (en) * 2012-08-06 2016-12-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power plant and heat supply method
US20140033707A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Power plant and heat supply method
CN102946120A (zh) * 2012-12-12 2013-02-27 中盛光电能源股份有限公司 一种光伏微网系统
US10804699B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2020-10-13 Vivint, Inc. Power production monitoring or control
US20160072291A1 (en) * 2013-04-25 2016-03-10 Mada Energie Ltd Energy processing and storage
US20140337002A1 (en) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Instant Access Networks, Llc Method and Instrumentation for Sustainable Energy Load Flow Management System (SelfMaster(TM))
US10169832B2 (en) * 2013-05-08 2019-01-01 Instant Access Networks, Llc Method and instrumentation for sustainable energy load flow management system performing as resilient adaptive microgrid system
US11053912B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2021-07-06 Magnelan Technologies Inc. Wind turbine for facilitating laminar flow
US20160329712A1 (en) * 2014-08-11 2016-11-10 Shailesh Upreti System and method for optimizing energy supplied from energy sources to load devices
US10417719B2 (en) * 2015-02-23 2019-09-17 Nec Corporation Electric energy adjustment apparatus, system, method and program
US9801234B2 (en) 2015-08-25 2017-10-24 Logitech Europe S.A. Power efficient mesh network
US9438311B1 (en) * 2015-08-25 2016-09-06 Logitech Europe S.A. Power efficient mesh network
EP3151367A1 (en) * 2015-08-26 2017-04-05 The AES Corporation Battery backup capacity method and system
CN105226682A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-01-06 国家电网公司 一种混合储能平抑光伏功率波动方法
US20190074709A1 (en) * 2016-03-08 2019-03-07 Nec Corporation Power control apparatus, power control system, and power control method
US10714968B2 (en) * 2016-03-08 2020-07-14 Nec Corporation Power control apparatus, power control system, and power control method
US10429154B2 (en) * 2016-08-29 2019-10-01 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Energy weapon having a fast start turbine for a high power generator
US20180058336A1 (en) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-01 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. Energy weapon having a fast start turbine for a high power generator
US20240097481A1 (en) * 2016-09-15 2024-03-21 Form Energy, Inc. Hybrid battery system
CN109964381A (zh) * 2016-09-15 2019-07-02 南特能源公司 混合电池组系统
US11670954B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2023-06-06 Form Energy, Inc. Hybrid battery system
US11566839B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2023-01-31 Energy Internet Corporation Controlled liquefaction and energy management
US11392100B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2022-07-19 Energy Internet Corporation Modularized energy management using pooling
US20210333029A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2021-10-28 Energy Internet Corporation Controlled refrigeration and liquefaction using compatible materials for energy management
WO2019046687A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. ENERGY MANAGEMENT WITH MULTIPLE PRESSED STORAGE ELEMENTS
US10725441B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2020-07-28 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy management with multiple pressurized storage elements
US11261107B2 (en) 2017-08-31 2022-03-01 Energy Internet Corporation Desalination using pressure vessels
US20190064757A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-02-28 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy management with multiple pressurized storage elements
US20190280483A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-09-12 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Power management across point of source to point of load
US10947899B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2021-03-16 Energy Internet Corporation Energy storage and management using pumping
US11906224B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2024-02-20 Energy Internet Corporation Controlled refrigeration and liquefaction using compatible materials for energy management
US20190234305A1 (en) * 2017-08-31 2019-08-01 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy storage and management using pumping
US10998727B2 (en) * 2017-08-31 2021-05-04 Energy Internet Corporation, Inc. Power management across point of source to point of load
US20190199094A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-27 Raytheon Company System and method for modulating high power in a submersible energy storage vessel utilizing high voltage dc transmission
US11183846B2 (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-11-23 Raytheon Company System and method for modulating high power in a submersible energy storage vessel utilizing high voltage DC transmission
US20210349152A1 (en) * 2018-01-03 2021-11-11 Bloom Energy Corporation Grid islanded fuel cell installation for data center load
WO2019199688A1 (en) * 2018-04-09 2019-10-17 Energy Harbors Corporation, Inc. Energy storage and management using pumping
US10606551B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-03-31 Logitech Europe S.A. Content streaming apparatus and method
US10789038B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-09-29 Logitech Europe S.A. Content streaming apparatus and method
US10642573B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-05-05 Logitech Europe S.A. Content streaming apparatus and method
US20210194255A1 (en) * 2019-08-05 2021-06-24 Lg Chem, Ltd. Energy hub apparatus and energy management method
US11735930B2 (en) * 2019-08-05 2023-08-22 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Energy hub for energy storage system racks based on SOC and SOH
US11258982B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2022-02-22 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11088861B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-08-10 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11095467B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-08-17 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11038704B2 (en) 2019-08-16 2021-06-15 Logitech Europe S.A. Video conference system
US11336817B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2022-05-17 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10972655B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-04-06 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10965908B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-03-30 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US11800213B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2023-10-24 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10951858B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-03-16 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US10904446B1 (en) 2020-03-30 2021-01-26 Logitech Europe S.A. Advanced video conferencing systems and methods
US11445457B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-09-13 Logitech Europe S.A. Content distribution system
US11418559B2 (en) 2020-09-21 2022-08-16 Logitech Europe S.A. Content distribution system
US12000898B2 (en) * 2021-07-19 2024-06-04 Bloom Energy Corporation Grid islanded fuel cell installation for data center load
US11962159B1 (en) * 2022-10-05 2024-04-16 8Me Nova, Llc Seasonal electrical resource allocation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2012523215A (ja) 2012-09-27
RU2506679C2 (ru) 2014-02-10
AP3970A (en) 2016-12-30
US8427098B2 (en) 2013-04-23
WO2010115006A1 (en) 2010-10-07
AP2011005952A0 (en) 2011-10-31
JP5395251B2 (ja) 2014-01-22
US20130211616A1 (en) 2013-08-15
US8638061B2 (en) 2014-01-28
EP2415140B1 (en) 2019-07-10
US20100318234A1 (en) 2010-12-16
BRPI1014063A2 (pt) 2020-08-18
ZA201107194B (en) 2012-06-27
BRPI1014063B1 (pt) 2022-01-11
ES2538136T1 (es) 2015-06-17
EG26543A (en) 2014-02-10
CN102449873A (zh) 2012-05-09
DE10725540T1 (de) 2015-11-12
USRE46156E1 (en) 2016-09-20
EP2415140A1 (en) 2012-02-08
RU2011141193A (ru) 2013-08-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
USRE46156E1 (en) Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same
KR101478791B1 (ko) 전력 관리 방법 및 시스템
US20200280187A1 (en) Energy apparatuses, energy systems, and energy management methods including energy storage
Shibata et al. Redox flow batteries for the stable supply of renewable energy
Li Energy storage is the core of renewable technologies
Qadrdan et al. Smart grid and energy storage
Ibrahim et al. Comparison and analysis of different energy storage techniques based on their performance index
Martinez Modeling and characterization of energy storage devices
KR20220060547A (ko) 예비 발전기 및 관련 전력 시스템
WO2015133136A1 (ja) 電源システム
JP2010259303A (ja) 分散発電システム
JP6146624B1 (ja) エネルギーマネジメントシステム
KR20130061814A (ko) 배터리 전압 측정회로 및 이를 구비한 전력 저장 시스템
JP5912070B2 (ja) 制御装置、燃料電池システム及び制御方法
Rao et al. Optimization and control of renewable energy integrated cogeneration plant operation by design of suitable energy storage system
Wang et al. Optimal allocation method of hybrid energy storage capacity of multi-energy system under low-carbon background
RU2749148C1 (ru) Автономная система энергоснабжения с кинетическим накопителем энергии
Chang et al. Demonstration study on the large-scale battery energy storage for renewables integration
Narasimalu et al. Integration of Energy Storage System with Renewable Energy Source
Mushid et al. A Survey on Energy Storage in Electric Power Systems & Its Applications in MV/LV Networks
JP5902062B2 (ja) 制御装置、燃料電池システム及び制御方法
Psola et al. Characteristics of energy storage in smart grids
Rekioua Energy Storage Systems for Photovoltaic and Wind Systems: A Review. Energies 2023, 16, 3893
Guo et al. Enhancing Grid Stability and Sustainability: Integrating Lithium-Ion Batteries with Solar Energy for Large-Scale Applications
Cruceru et al. ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE IN DISTRIBUTED GRIDS. CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING BATTERIES.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: EAGLEPICHER TECHNOLOGIES, MISSOURI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOORE, RANDY;NOWLIN, RON;VU, VIET;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100817 TO 20100818;REEL/FRAME:024866/0377

AS Assignment

Owner name: EAGLEPICHER TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, MISSOURI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MOORE, RANDY;NOWLIN, RON;VU, CARL VIET;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20110826 TO 20110908;REEL/FRAME:027066/0097

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION