US20100195131A1 - Information processing apparatus, and print control method - Google Patents

Information processing apparatus, and print control method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100195131A1
US20100195131A1 US12/686,784 US68678410A US2010195131A1 US 20100195131 A1 US20100195131 A1 US 20100195131A1 US 68678410 A US68678410 A US 68678410A US 2010195131 A1 US2010195131 A1 US 2010195131A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
web page
style sheet
print
printing
style
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Abandoned
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US12/686,784
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroaki Nakata
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Assigned to CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAKATA, HIROAKI
Publication of US20100195131A1 publication Critical patent/US20100195131A1/en
Priority to US14/934,089 priority Critical patent/US9436419B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
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    • G06F40/12—Use of codes for handling textual entities
    • G06F40/14—Tree-structured documents
    • G06F40/143—Markup, e.g. Standard Generalized Markup Language [SGML] or Document Type Definition [DTD]
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
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    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04842—Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
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    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
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    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G06F3/0486—Drag-and-drop
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
    • G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
    • G06F3/1202—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
    • G06F3/1203—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management
    • G06F3/1204—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. print management resulting in reduced user or operator actions, e.g. presetting, automatic actions, using hardware token storing data
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    • G06F3/1242—Image or content composition onto a page
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    • G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
    • G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
    • G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
    • G06F3/1237—Print job management
    • G06F3/1253—Configuration of print job parameters, e.g. using UI at the client
    • G06F3/1256—User feedback, e.g. print preview, test print, proofing, pre-flight checks
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    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
    • G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
    • G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
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    • G06F3/1253—Configuration of print job parameters, e.g. using UI at the client
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    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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    • G06F3/12—Digital output to print unit, e.g. line printer, chain printer
    • G06F3/1201—Dedicated interfaces to print systems
    • G06F3/1223—Dedicated interfaces to print systems specifically adapted to use a particular technique
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    • G06F3/1258—Configuration of print job parameters, e.g. using UI at the client by updating job settings at the printer
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    • G06F40/10—Text processing
    • G06F40/12—Use of codes for handling textual entities
    • G06F40/151—Transformation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an information processing apparatus and a print control method, and more particularly to an information processing apparatus and method for printing, in a desired layout, a Web page constituted by a plurality of parts such as with a multi-column layout.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a Web page with a typical multi-column structure.
  • a main content P 10 such as the body of a news article or a blog article (entries) is arranged in the center.
  • Secondary content such as a header P 20 , a navigation bar P 30 (internal and external site links) and banner advertisements P 40 are arranged as parts (objects) around the main content.
  • This secondary Web content P 20 to P 40 is necessary for easily moving between displayed Web pages, for instance, and is not really necessary in the case of reading a Web page printed on paper.
  • a print style sheet is layout information for converting a page for display such as in FIG. 1 to a layout such as the page for printing in FIG. 2 , and, specifically, contains instructions that result in only the main content P 10 being printed the full width of the page.
  • the present invention has been made in consideration of the prior art described above, and provides an information processing apparatus and a print control method that are able to reduce the hassle involved in the process of rearranging a Web page for printing, and enable a Web page to be easily printed in a desired layout.
  • the present invention has the following configuration.
  • an information processing apparatus for printing a Web page constituted by a plurality of parts comprises: a selecting unit, configured to select a part to be printed from parts constituting a Web page targeted for printing; a creating unit, configured to create a style sheet for printing on which the part selected by the selecting unit has been rearranged; a storage unit, configured to store the style sheet in association with an address of the print target Web page; an extracting unit, configured to, in a case where a Web page newly targeted for printing is displayed, extract a style sheet to be used for the new Web page from one or more style sheets stored by the storage unit, based on an address of the new Web page; and a generating unit, configured to generate a print page based on the style sheet extracted by the extracting unit and the new Web page.
  • the process of printing a Web page in a layout desired by a user can be realized without performing rearranging every time printing is performed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example multi-column Web page.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example page for printing.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an entire system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an internal system of a print controller 105 .
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a print preview window.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are flowcharts showing a processing flow of preview display, re-layout and printing.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a process of erasing unnecessary parts and re-laying out using a style sheet.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example style sheet.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example style sheet DB.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a print preview window on which candidate thumbnails are displayed.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are flowcharts showing a flow of a process of selecting and printing a candidate.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a processing flow according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a conceptual view of a user forum style sheet DB according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a conceptual view of a process of automatically performing layout from a page title according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of automatically performing layout from a page title.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a system configuration according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of a computer.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example configuration of an entire system including an external environment of a Web page printing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a computer 1 is connected to the Internet 2 and a printer 3 by a network interface such as an Ethernet®.
  • a Web browser 10 is an application program that operates on an operating system of the computer 1 , that is, an information processing apparatus.
  • the Web browser 10 accesses a Web server specified by a designated address, that is, an URL, and displays, as an image, Web content such as HTML data or image data provided from the Web server.
  • a network controller 101 which is one of the components constituting the Web browser 10 , performs processing such as Web content acquisition from the Internet 2 .
  • a page saving unit 102 which is similarly one of the internal components of the Web browser 10 , saves Web content acquired by the network controller 101 to a main storage apparatus such as a memory or an external storage apparatus such as a hard disk.
  • the page saving unit 102 also extracts saved Web content in response to a request from an external component.
  • a page display unit 103 extracts a Web page saved by the page saving unit 102 , and displays the Web page in a window after interpreting description therein written in HTML language. Also, the page display unit 103 , in the case where a style sheet is designated for the Web page, displays the Web page after applying the style sheet.
  • An input controller 104 performs processing according to menu commands performed on the Web browser 10 and input with respect to links or buttons displayed on a Web page. In the case where a link on a Web page is clicked, for example, the input controller 104 instructs the network controller 101 to acquire the Web page of that link.
  • a print controller 105 is a component that performs the main processing of the present invention, and performs processing such as print preview display, layout modification, and printing of a Web page.
  • the print controller 105 may be incorporated as part of the Web browser 10 in advance, or may be a plug-in that can be added later.
  • the internal system of the print controller 105 will be discussed in detail later.
  • a graphics engine 11 is a component that controls a rendering process of the operating system, and performs a role of mediating rendering commands from a printing unit.
  • a printer driver 12 is software that receives rendering commands mediated by the graphics engine 11 , converts the rendering commands to PDL data that can be interpreted by the printer 3 , and outputs the PDL data.
  • the printer 3 prints the PDL data output by the printer driver 12 .
  • the printer 3 is a digital multifunction peripheral connected to a computer by a network such as an Ethernet is shown here.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and may be an inkjet printer connected by a USB interface.
  • FIG. 17 Hardware Configuration of Computer
  • FIG. 17 is a block configuration diagram representing an internal system of the computer 1 , which is a generic computer.
  • a CPU 1701 performs control of the entire apparatus in accordance with programs stored in a ROM 1702 , a RAM 1703 or an external storage apparatus 1705 . These programs include an operating system, a Web browser, and plug-in software thereof.
  • the RAM 1703 is used as a work area for when the CPU 1701 performs various processing.
  • the external storage apparatus 1705 stores data and programs such as an operating system (OS), application software, and printer driver software.
  • a keyboard 1704 or an input device such a mouse (not shown) is a device for a user to provide various instructions.
  • a network I/F 1706 and a printer I/F 1707 are interfaces for connecting to a printer 20 via an Ethernet or a dedicated interface, and sending and receiving data.
  • a monitor I/F 1708 is an interface for connecting to a monitor and transferring display data.
  • reference numeral 1709 is a common data bus.
  • FIG. 4 Detailed Description of Print Controller 105
  • FIG. 4 is a block configuration diagram representing an internal system of the print controller 105 .
  • a preview window controller 21 plays a role of managing input and output with respect to a print preview window.
  • a style sheet generating unit 22 is a component that generates a style sheet for realizing a desired print layout in response to a request from the preview window controller 21 .
  • a preview window display unit 23 generates and displays a print preview window, a rearranged print preview window, thumbnail images serving as print layout candidates, and the like. Displayed windows will be discussed in detail later.
  • a style sheet search unit 24 searches for and acquires style sheet data from a style sheet DB (database) 26 and a user forum style sheet DB 27 .
  • a printing unit 25 is a component that applies a style sheet to a Web page and performs a printing process via a graphics engine.
  • the style sheet DB 26 is a database that resides on a hard disk in the computer 1 , and is for saving style sheets.
  • the user forum style sheet DB 27 is a database located in a server on the Internet 2 accessible via the network controller 101 . Style sheets generated by a user are saved in association with information such as the URLs of printed Web pages and creation dates/times in both the databases 26 and 27 . The record format in the databases and the role played by the databases will be discussed later.
  • FIG. 5 Description of Screenshot of Print Preview Window
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a print preview window displayed by the print controller 105 .
  • an easily viewable page for printing such as FIG. 2 has not been prepared with respect to a Web page such as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • an operation method for when the user performs printing after rearranging an existing print layout that is not easily viewable such as FIG. 1 into a print layout that is easily viewable such as FIG. 2 will be described.
  • the input controller 104 of the Web browser 10 displays a print preview window 31 , in the case where an instruction to display a print preview window of the Web page currently being displayed is received.
  • the print preview window 31 is divided into the two areas of the left side and the right side, and an original preview image 32 and a re-laid out preview image 33 are respectively displayed on the left side and the right side.
  • the original preview image is a preview image of the case where the displayed Web page is printed without modification.
  • the re-laid out preview image is a preview image of the case where the Web page is rearranged according to the user's preference.
  • the re-laid out preview image 33 is displayed on the right side, but in an initial state, a blank preview image, that is, a state where nothing is to be printed is displayed.
  • an area on a Web page as referred to here is a unit of description written using an HTML element, rather than merely referring to an area that is displayed, and, hereinafter, may also be called a part or an object. While this will be discussed in detail later with reference to FIG. 7 , a part in the present example is an element or a group of elements organized using “elements for organizing elements”.
  • the rearrangement of a part thus selected (selected part) is performed by dragging and dropping the selected part (e.g., area 34 ) in the preview image 33 on the right side with a mouse.
  • any part can be selected and dragged and dropped in the preview image 33 if displayed in the preview image 32 .
  • a copy 35 of the selected part is created and displayed on the preview image 33 .
  • This preview image 33 is set as the print target.
  • the copy 35 of the selected part can be resized, by the user grabbing and dragging a frame 351 (displayed with a dotted line in FIG. 5 ) of the copy 35 of the selected part with a mouse cursor, for example.
  • the return position shifts in accordance with an increase in the width of the copy 35 of the selected part. Layout can thereby be performed so as to display a large number of characters on one line.
  • the copy 35 of the selected part can also be repositioned by holding the middle, for example, of the copy 35 of the selected part and dragging the copy around in the image 33 , for example.
  • FIG. 7 Schematic View of Erasing Unnecessary Parts and Performing Re-Layout Using a Style Sheet
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view representing the mechanism that enables a part that the user wants to print to be selected and rearranged.
  • a pre-rearrangement Web page 41 is constituted by parts 42 to 45 .
  • elements for organizing elements such as ⁇ div/> and ⁇ span/> are defined, and an ID attribute (unique identifier of each part) can be assigned to each element.
  • a “part” in the present embodiment refers to an element or a group of elements organized by these “elements for organizing elements”.
  • parts having the IDs “header”, “navigation”, “sponsored”, “contents” are included. These parts each include elements describing the designation of text and images, the arrangement thereof, and the like.
  • the ID attributes of these ⁇ div/> elements can be referred to from a style sheet or a script associated with the Web page, and are used as part names, so to speak, constituting the Web page.
  • a Web page 41 in FIG. 7 is constituted by referring to the ID attributes “header”, “navigation”, “sponsored”, “contents” of the ⁇ div/> elements in this way.
  • a rearranged Web page 46 to which a style sheet has been applied is configured so as to display only the ⁇ div/> element of the ID attribute “contents” out of these ID attributes.
  • FIG. 8 Example Style Sheet
  • FIG. 8 shows an example style sheet.
  • a style sheet is a format for controlling the appearance of the background, text and layout of a Web page. While the details of the format will be omitted, the example in FIG. 8 is an example style sheet 48 for realizing the Web page 46 in FIG. 7 .
  • the style sheet 48 With the style sheet 48 , the elements having the IDs “header”, “navigation” and “sponsored” are hidden using the description ⁇ display:none; ⁇ .
  • the element having the ID “contents” represents, with the description ⁇ width:100% ⁇ , an instruction relating to display and layout, such that the width of the part is set to 100% with respect to the width of the area in which the part is arranged.
  • the style sheet 48 of the present example has been associated with the Web page 41 in FIG. 7 , parts 42 , 43 and 45 having the IDs “header”, “navigation” and “sponsored” will be hidden.
  • the Web page is converted to a layout in which a part 47 having the ID “contents”, which is designated to be displayed at 100%, occupies the full width of the page.
  • a new Web page 46 whose parts have been rearranged is generated as an image and displayed. In this way, using a style sheet enables the appearance to be modified without modifying the original Web page.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B Processing Flow of Preview Display, Re-Layout, and Printing
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are flowcharts showing a processing flow of preview display, re-layout and printing by the print controller 105 . Note that the flowcharts of the present application are realized by the CPU 1701 in FIG. 17 executing associated programs. Also, the procedure in FIGS. 6A and 6B is started in a state where the Web browser 10 has already been executed, a designated Web page has been acquired from a Web server, saved and displayed, and the print controller 105 is waiting for input.
  • step S 101 the preview window controller 21 receives input of a command to display a print preview of the Web page currently being displayed on the page display unit 103 .
  • This command is input in response to an instruction from the user, for example.
  • step S 102 the preview window controller 21 acquires the data of the currently displayed Web page from the page saving unit 102 , and transmits the data to the preview window display unit 23 .
  • step S 103 the preview window display unit 23 generates and displays the print preview window 31 .
  • step S 104 the preview window display unit 23 interprets the Web page data acquired from the page saving unit 102 , and displays a print preview image 32 tailored to the Web page data on the left side of the print preview window 31 .
  • step S 105 the preview window display unit 23 displays a blank preview image, which is the initial state of the re-laid out preview image 33 , on the right side of the print preview window 31 .
  • step S 106 the preview window controller 21 waits for input of an operation by the user, and, if input is received, branches according to the instruction content.
  • the preview window controller 21 receives a parts rearrangement instruction resulting from a drag-and-drop operation by the user, determines the content of the received instruction, and branches according to the content.
  • the preview window controller 21 branches to step S 107 if it is detected that a part on the preview image 32 that the user wants to print has been selected by the user using a mouse, for instance, and dragged and dropped in the preview image 33 .
  • the preview window controller 21 branches to step S 120 if input to the print button 36 is detected.
  • step S 107 the preview window controller 21 analyzes the description of the element written in HTML language in the selected part that has been dragged and dropped, and acquires the ID of the part included therein.
  • various formats are supported in terms of the format of objects to be dragged, and the HTML format is supported as one of those.
  • the preview window controller 21 analyzes the contents of the HTML language thus dropped, and extracts the ID attribute of the ⁇ div/> or ⁇ span/> element. In the case where a plurality of IDs are located in the HTML source code of the selected part, these are all acquired.
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 receives the ID acquired at step S 107 from the preview window controller 21 , and adds the ID to a display target ID list.
  • the display target ID list is a list held in memory by the preview window controller 21 , and is used for managing information on parts displayed in the rearranged print preview image 33 on the right side.
  • step S 109 the style sheet generating unit 22 this time analyzes the currently displayed Web page acquired from the page saving unit 102 , and acquires the IDs of all parts. From the next steps S 110 to S 112 , the processing is repeatedly performed for all parts in the Web page whose IDs were acquired at step S 109 .
  • step S 110 the style sheet generating unit 22 focuses sequentially on the IDs of the parts acquired from the Web page at step S 109 , and determines whether the ID of the part focused on exists in the display target ID list. If the ID of the part focused on does exist in the list, the processing proceeds to step S 111 , and if the ID does not exist in the list, the processing proceeds to step S 112 .
  • step S 112 the style sheet generating unit 22 writes the element (i.e., part) having that ID into the style sheet so as to be hidden. Specifically, the style sheet generating unit 22 adds description designating a display attribute such as “id ⁇ display:none; ⁇ ” to the style sheet with respect to the element having that ID.
  • a style sheet as referred to here is character string information held in memory by the style sheet generating unit 22 , and is updated by steps S 111 and S 112 and by step S 116 (discussed later). The content thereof is as illustrated in FIG. 8 .
  • this style sheet in memory will be assumed to be the style sheet 48 , along the lines of the schematic view in FIG. 8 .
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 writes the element having that ID into the style sheet 48 so as to be displayed.
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 writes only the ID into the style sheet 48 , such as “id ⁇ ⁇ ”, without providing a display attribute.
  • step S 113 the preview window controller 21 generates a print layout image by applying the style sheet 48 generated by the style sheet generating unit 22 in steps S 111 to S 112 to the Web page acquired at step S 109 , and displays the print layout image as the image 33 .
  • the print layout displayed in the preview image 33 parts that have not been selected and dropped at step S 106 will all be hidden by the style sheet.
  • the preview window controller 21 detects the position or the size modified according to the operation. That is, the preview window controller 21 receives designation of the modified position or size.
  • the preview window controller 21 converts the position or size on the window acquired at S 114 to a position or size on the page. Specifically, the preview window controller 21 calculates the actual size or position on the page, from the relative positional coordinates in the preview image 33 representing the laid out page and the ratio of the size of the window of the preview image 33 and the actual size of the page.
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 reflects information on the position or the size calculated at step S 115 in a position or a size serving as a display attribute value of the ID of the part in the style sheet 48 .
  • the preview window controller 21 sets the display attribute of an id1 corresponding to the part of the style sheet 48 to a value such as the following, for example.
  • step S 117 the preview window display unit 23 again generates a print layout image by applying the style sheet 48 updated at step S 116 to the Web page acquired at step S 109 , and displays the print layout image as the preview image 33 .
  • the processing returns to step S 106 , and the preview window controller 21 receives input of an operation by the user.
  • the printing unit 25 If input to the print button is detected at step S 106 , the printing unit 25 , in step S 120 , prints the Web page to which the style sheet 48 obtained at step S 117 has been applied, or prints a blank sheet in the case where no rearrangement operation has been performed. Normal browsers are equipped with a technique for printing a Web page, and this can be utilized without modification. Note that in order to prohibit printing of a blank sheet here, the preview window controller 21 can also be configured not to accept input to the print button in step S 106 in the case of a blank sheet.
  • step S 121 the style sheet generating unit 22 saves the style sheet 48 generated at step S 117 in the style sheet DB 26 in association with the URL of the printed Web page.
  • step S 106 of FIG. 6A it was disclosed that the only choice was between the rearrangement operation and the print operation, but other operations, such as cancellation of an operation, can of course be accepted. In that case, processing according to the operation can of course be executed.
  • the layout of a Web page can be easily modified.
  • FIG. 9 Example Style Sheet DB
  • FIG. 9 shows example records saved in the style sheet DB 26 .
  • the style sheet DB 26 includes “URL”, “Style Sheet”, “Creation Date/Time”, and “Usage Frequency” as the fields of records.
  • the URLs and style sheets are, as abovementioned at step S 121 , respectively the URLs of print target Web pages and style sheets 48 for realizing layouts in which parts to be printed have been selected and rearranged by the user himself or herself.
  • the date and time at which step S 121 was executed is saved as the creation date/time. As will be mentioned later with regard to the usage frequency, the number of times that a saved style sheet is used in printing the Web pages of URLs other than the URL saved in association with the style sheet is saved in this field.
  • This style sheet DB 26 is utilized when printing a Web page with the same or similar URL, in a Web site that has been printed with the procedures of steps S 101 to S 121 . In other words, reducing the operation load of the user is realized by storing created style sheets so as to be usable when printing other Web pages.
  • the present embodiment is intended to enable re-layout when printing a Web page to be more easily performed, by effectively reusing style sheets registered in the style sheet DB 26 . More specifically, a style sheet having an association with the displayed Web page, out of the style sheets registered in the style sheet DB 26 , is displayed on a print preview window as a thumbnail.
  • a style sheet having an association is a style sheet that was used for printing a Web page specified by a URL that includes the same server name, that is, the same domain name as the Web page that the user is trying to print. The reason for this is that because an ID is assigned to each part in a Web page as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 Description of Screenshot of Window Displaying Layout Candidate Thumbnails
  • a window 31 in FIG. 10 is an example window where the user is able to choose and print a favored layout from among the candidates.
  • the user has opened and is trying to print a Web page in the same Web site but with a different URL to the Web page printed in FIG. 5 , that is, a Web page in which the domain name portion of the URL is the same.
  • the role and arrangement of user interfaces such as the original preview image 32 on the left side, the print preview image 33 that the user would like to print on the right side and the print button 36 are unchanged from the example window shown in FIG. 5 .
  • a difference with FIG. 5 lies with candidate thumbnails 49 displayed at an upper part of the window.
  • Candidate thumbnails 49 are displayed in the case where pages in the same Web site as the page that the user is currently trying to print have previously been printed.
  • the candidate thumbnails each correspond to a previous style sheet used in printing a page in the same Web site. Printing can be performed after applying a style sheet corresponding to the selected thumbnail to the current Web page by selecting one of these candidate thumbnails.
  • the candidate thumbnails are arranged in order of decreasing usage frequency from the left, and if there are a plurality of candidates, the print preview image 33 is displayed as a result of having automatically selected and applied the style sheet on the far left with the highest usage frequency.
  • the style sheets are displayed in order from the style sheet with the highest priority level.
  • the user is able to directly press the print button 36 and print the print preview image 33 if he or she likes that print layout, and is also able to select a different candidate if he or she does not like that print layout.
  • a blank thumbnail may be added to the thumbnails displayed as candidates, or a button or the like for deleting all of the parts of the preview image 33 may be provided.
  • the work involved in rearranging the layout of a Web page is more or less predicable, such as deleting advertisements and navigation bars, and adjusting the width of the body, and the user's workload can be reduced by automatically saving and reusing such work content as style sheets.
  • the flow of the abovementioned reuse of style sheets will be described using FIGS. 11A and 11B .
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B Flow of Layout Candidate Application and Selection Process
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B are flowcharts showing a flow of applying and printing a previous print layout using the style sheet DB 26 .
  • the flow from display of the preview window 31 to display of the default print preview image 32 on the left side performed by the preview window controller 21 from steps S 201 to S 204 is similar to steps S 101 to S 104 .
  • step S 205 the style sheet search unit 24 acquires the URL of the Web page that the user is trying to print.
  • step S 206 the style sheet search unit 24 extracts the domain name portion from the URL acquired in step S 205 . For example, if the URL that the user is trying to print is “http://------.com/article/20081019aaa”, the extracted domain name will be “------.com”.
  • the style sheet search unit 24 extracts the entries from the style sheet DB 26 one by one, and perform processing on each entry.
  • step S 207 the style sheet search unit 24 judges whether the URL of the entry extracted from the style sheet DB 26 includes the domain name portion extracted at step S 206 .
  • the URL that the user is trying to print is “http://------.com/article/20081020bbb”
  • the URL of an entry saved in the style sheet DB 26 is “http://------.com/article/20081019aaa”
  • the URLs will be different on comparison, but because the domain name portions are the same on comparison, the URL will be judged to include the same domain name portion. If the URL does include the same domain name, the processing proceeds to step S 208 , and if the URL does not include the same domain name, no further processing is performed on that entry, and the next entry is extracted, before the processing again proceeds to step S 207 .
  • step S 208 the preview window controller 21 applies the style sheet of the entry to the print target Web site to create a thumbnail image to serve as a candidate.
  • a candidate thumbnail image is small at around one third the size of the preview image 32 or the preview image 33 , but enables the approximate arrangement of the Web parts to be distinguished despite being small.
  • step S 209 the preview window display unit 23 determines whether there are one or more candidate thumbnail images created in step S 208 , and if there are, the processing proceeds to step S 210 . On the other hand, if there are not one or more candidates, the processing proceeds to step S 105 illustrated in FIG. 6A , and subsequently becomes the flow in which the user himself or herself selects and rearranges the print target Web parts.
  • the preview window display unit 23 displays the thumbnail images in a position at the top part 49 of the window, arranged from the left in descending order of the “usage frequency” recorded in the style sheet DB 26 . If usage frequencies are the same, the thumbnail image with the most recent “creation date/time” may be displayed first, for instance. Also, all candidate thumbnail images, that is, the full number of style sheets found to correspond to URLs that have the same domain name may be displayed, or a limited number may be displayed, such as the top three. These candidate thumbnails not only represent an overview of the layouts, but also serve as input means that can be selected by a mouse or a keyboard.
  • step S 211 the preview window display unit 23 sets the thumbnail furthest to the left side (thumbnail created from the style sheet used the most number of times) to a state of being selected as the default candidate.
  • step S 212 the preview window display unit 23 generates a print preview image by applying the style sheet selected at step S 211 to the Web page, and displays the print preview image as the print preview image 33 on the right side of the window.
  • the user himself or herself is able to switch to a desired layout by confirming and selecting a candidate thumbnail.
  • the user's workload can be reduced as a result of the preview window display unit 23 performing the selection in advance, because of it being highly likely that the most used style sheet will be favored by the user.
  • step S 213 the preview window controller 21 waits for input of an operation by the user from the input controller 104 , and, if input is received, determines the operation content thereof. If input of a selection of a different candidate thumbnail from the user is detected, the processing branches to step S 214 .
  • step S 214 the preview window display unit 23 generates a print preview image by applying the style sheet corresponding to the selected candidate thumbnail to the Web page, and displays the print preview image as the print preview image 33 on the right side of the window. The user is able to repeat step S 214 until a favorable layout is found.
  • step S 215 the preview window controller 21 determines whether the operation received at step S 213 is input to the print button.
  • the preview window controller 21 in the case of detecting input with respect to the print button 36 , branches to step S 216 .
  • step S 216 the printing unit 25 performs printing after applying the style sheet last selected at step S 214 to the Web page.
  • step S 217 the style sheet search unit 24 increases by one and saves a “usage frequency” counter of the entry that includes the style sheet used in printing, and updates the style sheet DB 26 . If the operation received in step S 215 is not input to the print button, the processing branches to step S 106 in FIG. 6A . At step S 106 , the user is further able to edit the laid out preview image 33 .
  • step S 215 the other operations are all determined to be the shifting of parts, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the other operations can be determined with respect also to selection of a blank style sheet, cancellation of an operation, or the like, for example. Of course, if those operations are performed, processing tailored to those operations is executed.
  • FIG. 12 Processing Flow of Candidate Search by URL Comparison
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart representing the processing from steps S 301 to S 307 .
  • the processing of the present embodiment replaces steps S 206 in FIG. 11A to S 211 in FIG. 11B with these steps S 301 to S 307 .
  • the style sheet search unit 24 extracts a pathname portion together with the domain name portion of the URL of the Web page that the user is trying to print, and further extracts one or more phrases, using slash symbols included in the pathname as delimiters. For example, in the case where the URL of the Web page is “http://.com/article/20081020bbb”, the domain name portion is “------.com” and the pathname portion is “article/20081020bbb”. Further, when the pathname is broken down using the slash symbols as delimiters, the two phrases “article” and “20081020bbb” are extracted.
  • pathname portion when viewed in terms of the whole URL, can also be taken as a single phrase partitioned by slash symbols, the phrases constituting the pathname and the domain name portion will both be treated as “phrases” without distinguishing between them.
  • the style sheet search unit 24 extracts the entries from the style sheet DB 26 one by one, and performs processing on each entry.
  • the style sheet search unit 24 with reference to the URL of the entry extracted from the style sheet DB 26 , counts how many of the phrases extracted at step S 301 are included, taking the word order into consideration, and stores the number of matching phrases in association with the entry. The counting method of this step S 302 will be described using an example.
  • step S 303 the style sheet search unit 24 judges whether the number of the phrases counted at step S 302 is one or more. If one or more, the processing proceeds to step S 304 , and if not one or more, no further processing is performed on that entry, and the next entry is extracted, before the processing again proceeds to step S 302 .
  • step S 304 the preview window controller 21 creates a thumbnail image to serve as a candidate by applying the style sheet of the entry to the Web page.
  • step S 305 the preview window display unit 23 determines whether there are one or more candidate thumbnail images created in step S 304 , and if there are, the processing proceeds to step S 306 . On the other hand, if there are not one or more candidate thumbnail images, the processing proceeds to step S 105 illustrated in FIG. 6A , and subsequently becomes the flow in which the user himself or herself selects and rearranges the print target Web parts, similarly to the first embodiment.
  • the preview window display unit 23 in step S 306 , reorders the thumbnail images, with the number of matching phrases counted at step S 303 as a first basis and the usage frequency of entries as a second basis, and displays the thumbnail images in a position at the top 49 of the window.
  • candidates were reordered on the basis of only the usage frequency of entries, but in embodiment 3, candidates are reordered with preference given more to the number of matching phrases at step S 303 .
  • entries # 1 , # 2 and # 4 are chosen as candidates with one or more matching phrases, from among the entries in the style sheet DB 26 of FIG. 9 .
  • the order will be entries # 1 , # 4 and # 2 in descending order of usage frequency, but when the entries are reordered in accordance with the basis of the present embodiment, the order will be entries # 2 , # 1 , and # 4 .
  • step S 307 the preview window controller 21 sets the thumbnail on the left side that was reordered after being judged to have the highest priority to a state of being selected as the default candidate. Since the URL of entry # 2 furthest to the left is similar to the URL of the Web page that the user is trying to print, it is all the more likely that the configuration of the Web page and, further, the naming rules with respect to the Web parts will be similar compared with when only the domain name matches. Thus, it can be said that it is also more highly likely that the Web page that the user is trying to print will be converted to a print layout desired by the user, when the style sheet of entry # 2 is applied.
  • the style sheet DB 26 that is local to the computer 1 was used as a destination for recording style sheets including rearranged layout information and searching for previously registered style sheets.
  • the problem remains of the user not being presented with candidates and having to perform rearrangement, in relation to a Web page that is being visited for the first time or a Web page that is being printed for the first time.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view representing the user forum style sheet DB 27 being used by a plurality of users. Note that while reference numerals such as S 401 , S 402 and S 40 X will appear in the following description, these are merely to facilitate the description and are not intended to refer to the drawings.
  • Computers 51 , 52 , 53 and 54 are computers that are each equipped with the Web page printing apparatus of the present invention, and a user of each computer prints Web pages using the present printing apparatus. These computers are all in a state of being communicable with the user forum style sheet DB 27 via the Internet 2 .
  • the user forum style sheet DB 27 is in actual fact a database server, and may have a single server configuration or a configuration extended by a plurality of servers. Also, the format of database records held by the user forum style sheet DB 27 is the same format as the local style sheet DB 26 .
  • step S 121 of embodiments 1 and 2 the style sheet generating unit 22 registers the style sheet that was used in the style sheet DB 26 in association with the URL of the page that was printed, after printing the Web page.
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 further saves the style sheet in the user forum style sheet DB 27 in association with the URL via the network controller 101 (step S 401 ).
  • style sheets to serve as candidates were retrieved from only the local style sheet DB 26 , but in the present embodiment, style sheets to serve as candidates are also retrieved from the user forum style sheet DB 27 .
  • the style sheet search unit 24 also performs the processing from step S 205 to S 211 for searching the local style sheet DB 26 and displaying candidates with regard to the user forum style sheet DB 27 , via the network controller 101 (S 402 ).
  • S 402 the processing of S 402 , the possibility exists of being able to borrow and use style sheets created by other users by searching the user forum style sheet DB 27 , even if style sheets to serve as candidates are not found in the local style sheet DB 26 .
  • step S 402 The possibility of finding a style sheet that corresponds to the Web page that the user is trying to print with the processing of step S 402 is small when there are few computers that perform the registration process of S 401 , but increases as the number of computers increase to a few dozen, or a few hundreds, or an unspecified number.
  • the style sheet search unit 24 increases by 1 and saves the usage frequency of the corresponding style sheet via the network controller 101 (step S 403 ). Because a style sheet whose usage frequency is increased by this step S 403 is preferentially displayed on the left side when displayed as a candidate at step S 402 , the possibility of this style sheet being further used numerous times as a “popular” style sheet increases. Note that in the case where style sheets to serve as candidates are found in both the local style sheet DB 26 and the user forum style sheet DB 27 in step S 402 , various bases are conceivable as a way of reordering these candidates.
  • the candidates may simply be reordered on the basis of usage frequency, or candidates found in the local style sheet DB 26 may be preferentially displayed to the left side of candidates found in the user forum style sheet DB 27 , even if the usage frequency is less.
  • a layout suitable for printing can be borrowed and the Web page printed, by utilizing the possibility of there being someone who has performed printing even if the user himself or herself has not performed printing, enabling the user's workload to be reduced.
  • Embodiment 4 means for an unspecified number of users being able to retrieve an optimum style sheet from the user forum style sheet DB 27 , even if there is not a suitable style sheet in the local style sheet DB 26 , was discussed.
  • a suitable URL is also not registered in the user forum style sheet DB 27 , that is, in the case where the user is trying to print a page that nobody has ever printed, the user will have to rearrange the print layout manually.
  • FIG. 14 is a conceptual view representing an overview of the present embodiment 5.
  • a title 61 is an example title of a Web page that the user is trying to print.
  • An element ⁇ Title/> for deciding the page title is defined in HTML language.
  • the page title is, as the name suggests, a title succinctly representing a given Web page, and is normally displayed on a title bar or tab sheet of a Web browser, and used as a default title of a bookmark. Since it is extremely highly likely that a keyword included in this title will have an association with the content written in the body of the Web page, it can be said that there is a possibility of being able to judge a Web part to be printed from the keyword in the title, and conversely to eliminate unnecessary parts with loose associations.
  • the Web page is searched in relation to terms constituting the title such as shown in the title 61 , and the places where terms appears are counted for each Web part.
  • terms constituting the title such as shown in the title 61
  • the places where terms appears are counted for each Web part.
  • layout is performed by combining the parts so as to include either or both of the parts 63 and 64 , and thumbnails thereof are presented to the user as candidate layouts 66 , 67 and 68 .
  • FIG. 15 Flow of Auto-Layout Function
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing processing by the Web page printing apparatus according to embodiment 5.
  • the processing of the present embodiment is intended to replace steps S 205 to S 211 of embodiment 2.
  • steps S 401 and S 402 are replaced by FIG. 15 .
  • step S 501 the preview window controller 21 acquires the title from the Web page data.
  • the title is contained in the ⁇ Title/> element, as discussed previously.
  • step S 502 the preview window controller 21 extracts keywords from the title acquired at step S 501 .
  • natural language processing is performed to divide the title into units of terms, in the case where, unlike English, breaks in the terms cannot be mechanically judged, such as when the language of the title is Japanese or Chinese.
  • various methods are conceivable such as choosing only proper nouns, or also including common nouns while excluding only particles, prepositions and the like. In the present example, “weather”, “forecast” and “Tohoku” are treated as keywords, excluding only the preposition “for” from the title 61 shown in FIG. 14 .
  • step S 503 the preview window controller 21 counts the number of times each of the extracted keywords appears in the Web page, and derives a total. In the case where a given keyword appears a plurality of times, the full number of appearances may be counted, or the plurality of appearances may only be counted as one appearance. Also, in the case where proper nouns appear, a single appearance may be weighted to count for a plurality of appearances. Note that when searching the HTML data of a Web page, only the actual text characters appearing in the window may be set as the search target, or text and the like contained in ALT attribute data representing notes on the image data may also be included as the search target.
  • step S 504 the preview window controller 21 judges whether the total counted is one or more, and if one or more, proceeds to S 505 , and if not one or more, performs no further processing on that part, and again performs the processing of S 503 with regard to the next part.
  • step S 505 the preview window controller 21 adds the ID of the Web part to the display target ID list. The total number of times each keyword appears in each part is derived by repeating the above steps S 503 to S 505 in relation to all Web parts, and one or more parts are stored as display targets.
  • step S 506 the style sheet generating unit 22 extracts arbitrary combinations from the stored one or more display target IDs.
  • Arbitrary combinations indicates three combinations (AB), (A) and (B) when two parts A and B are display targets, and seven combinations (ABC), (AB), (BC), (CA), (A), (B), and (C) when three parts A, B and C are display targets, for example.
  • the number of combinations when n parts are display targets will be 2 N ⁇ 1.
  • step S 507 the style sheet generating unit 22 chooses a maximum of M candidates that can be displayed in the window in descending order of the number of parts included therein, from all of the combinations derived at step S 506 , and generates corresponding style sheets.
  • the style sheet generating unit 22 chooses M combinations in descending order of the number of parts included therein, from the combinations of parts.
  • Descending order of the number of parts included therein means in descending order of the combinations having a large number of parts, such as (ABC), (AB) and (BC) in the case of there being three parts A, B and C, for example. The reason for doing this is to ensure that as many Web parts in which keywords are located are printed as possible.
  • combinations may be chosen or reordered in accordance with another basis as necessary, such as in ascending order of the number of parts.
  • step S 508 the preview window controller 21 applies the M style sheets generated in step S 507 individually to the Web page that the user is trying to print, and obtains thumbnail images.
  • step S 509 the preview window display unit 23 displays the candidate thumbnail images from the left in the print preview window 31 in descending order of the number of parts included therein, selects the candidate furthest to the left, and displays the selected candidate in the corresponding print preview image 33 .
  • the print controller 105 which undertook the core processing of the Web page printing apparatus of the present invention was a component incorporated in advance in the Web browser 10 or a plug-in added later.
  • the case is shown where a similar effect is obtained even if this print controller is constituted as part of the functions of the printer driver 12 .
  • FIG. 16 is an example in which a print controller is also added as part of the printer driver 12 , in addition to the print controller 105 of the Web browser 10 .
  • a private spooler 13 is a component that temporarily saves rendering commands input to the printer driver 12 in an intermediate format before being converted to PDL.
  • Reference numeral 14 is the print controller.
  • the print controller 105 receives input of Web page data to be printed from the page display unit 103 of the Web browser 10
  • the print controller 14 of the present embodiment receives input of data to be printed from the private spooler 13 .
  • the fact that the print controller 14 communicates via the network controller 101 , and performs print output to the graphics engine 11 is unchanged from embodiment 1 to embodiment 5.
  • the graphics engine 11 , the printer driver 12 , the private spooler 13 and the print controller 14 form a loop configuration. This is to enable the print layout and print settings to be changed by temporarily holding data to be printed in the computer, rather than it being output for printing to the printer 3 immediately after the user has given the instruction for printing. That is, the intermediate format saved in the private spooler 13 via the printer driver 12 is read by the print controller 14 , and the user is able to input an instruction to change the print layout via a user interface displayed by the print controller 14 .
  • the print controller 14 performs layout of the intermediate format based on an input change instruction, and re-outputs a rendering command to the graphics engine 11 again.
  • a rendering command When re-outputting a rendering command from the print controller 14 , information instructing that this is the “second round of printing” is included in the rendering command, so that the processing does not loop endlessly.
  • the intermediate format saved in the private spooler 13 needs to be converted to HTML format, which is an actual Web page, or a format approaching HTML format.
  • EMF Enhanced Meta File
  • XPS XML Paper Specification
  • a Web page printing apparatus of the present invention can be configured by selecting HTML format or a format equivalent thereto as an intermediate format to be temporality saved.
  • aspects of the present invention can also be realized by a computer of a system or apparatus (or devices such as a CPU or MPU) that reads out and executes a program recorded on a memory apparatus to perform the functions of the above-described embodiments, and by a method, the steps of which are performed by a computer of a system or apparatus by, for example, reading out and executing a program recorded on a memory apparatus to perform the functions of the above-described embodiments.
  • the program is provided to the computer for example via a network or from a recording medium of various types serving as the memory apparatus (e.g., computer-readable medium).

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