US20100130221A1 - Terminal apparatus, base station apparatus, and communication system - Google Patents

Terminal apparatus, base station apparatus, and communication system Download PDF

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US20100130221A1
US20100130221A1 US12/089,361 US8936106A US2010130221A1 US 20100130221 A1 US20100130221 A1 US 20100130221A1 US 8936106 A US8936106 A US 8936106A US 2010130221 A1 US2010130221 A1 US 2010130221A1
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base station
unit
phase
antenna
phase rotation
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Kimihiko Imamura
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SnapTrack Inc
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Individual
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Publication of US20100130221A1 publication Critical patent/US20100130221A1/en
Assigned to HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. reassignment HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHARP CORPORATION
Assigned to HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. reassignment HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE CONVEYING PARTY DATA NAME PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 030635 FRAME: 0188. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0671—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using different delays between antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0682—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using phase diversity (e.g. phase sweeping)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/20—Selecting an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0667—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0673—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of delayed versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/12—Frequency diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/16—Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a terminal apparatus, a base station apparatus, and a communication system.
  • FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 show the relationship between time (vertical axis) and frequency (horizontal axis) in signals transmitted from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver.
  • the vertical axis represents time
  • the horizontal axis represents frequency.
  • five transmission times t 1 to t 5 are established. Each transmission time t 1 to t 5 has the same time width.
  • the frequency domain four transmission frequencies f 1 to f 4 are established. Each transmission frequency f 1 to f 4 has the same frequency width Fc. In this manner, the transmission times t 1 to t 5 and the transmission frequencies f 1 to f 4 establish 20 chunks K 1 to K 20 as shown in FIG. 31 .
  • allocated slots S 1 to S 3 each having a time width of t 1 /3 and a frequency width of 4f 1 .
  • Allocated slot S 1 is allocated to a first user
  • allocated slot S 2 is allocated to a second user
  • allocated slot S 3 is allocated to a third user. Accordingly, the first to third users are able to obtain a frequency diversity effect.
  • chunk K 5 is allocated to a fourth user as allocated slot S 4 .
  • Chunks K 6 and K 7 are combined and allocated to a fifth user as allocated slot S 5 .
  • Chunk K 8 is allocated to a sixth user as allocated slot S 6 . Accordingly, the fourth to sixth users are able to obtain a multi-user diversity effect.
  • chunks K 9 and K 11 are allocated to a seventh user as allocated slot S 7 .
  • Chunks K 10 and K 12 are combined, and divided into three in the time domain direction, to establish communication slots S 8 to S 10 each having a time width of t 3 / 3 and a frequency width of 2f 2 .
  • Allocated slot S 8 is allocated to an eighth user
  • allocated slot S 9 is allocated to a ninth user
  • allocated slot 510 is allocated to a tenth user. Accordingly, the seventh to tenth users are able to obtain a frequency diversity effect.
  • chunk K 13 is allocated to an eleventh user as allocated slot S 11 .
  • Chunk K 14 is allocated to a twelfth user as allocated slot 512 .
  • Chunks K 15 and K 16 are combined and allocated to a thirteenth user as allocated slot S 13 . Accordingly, the eleventh to thirteenth users are able to obtain a multi-user diversity effect.
  • chunks K 17 and K 19 are allocated to a fourteenth user as allocated slot S 14 .
  • Chunks K 18 and K 20 are combined, and divided into three in the time domain direction, to establish allocated slots S 15 to S 17 each having a time width of t 5 /3 and a frequency width of 2f 2 .
  • Allocated slot S 15 is allocated to a fifteenth user
  • allocated slot S 16 is allocated to a sixteenth user
  • allocated slot S 17 is allocated to a seventeenth user. Accordingly, the fourteenth to seventeenth users are able to obtain a frequency diversity effect.
  • Non-patent document 1 “Downlink Multiple Access Scheme for Evolved UTRA”, [online], Apr. 4, 2005, R1-050249, 3GPP, [search conducted on Aug. 17, 2005], Internet ⁇ URL: ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/TSG_RAN/WG1_RL1/TS GR1 — 40bis/Docs/R1-050249.zip>
  • Non-patent document 2 “Physical Channel and Multiplexing in Evolved UTRA Downlink”, [online], Jun. 20, 2005, R1-050590, 3GPP, [search conducted on Aug. 17, 2005], Internet ⁇ URL: ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/TSG_RAN/WG1_RL1/R1_Ad_Hocs/LTE_AH_JUNE-05/Docs/R1-05 0590.zip>
  • the problem to be solved is that in conventional proposed communication systems, it is not possible to obtain an adequate multi-user diversity effect depending on the allocated slot and the location of the wireless receiver.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention includes: a channel estimating unit that receives signals of pilot channels allocated to respective base station antennas and orthogonal to each other, and estimates channels with the respective base station antennas based on the signals of the pilot channels; an antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit that performs selection of a base station antenna or calculation of phase rotation amounts of the base station antennas, based on a result of channel estimation by the channel estimating unit; and a transmission unit that transmits an identification of the base station antenna selected by the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit or the phase rotation amounts calculated by the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, a phase rotating unit is further provided that rotates the phase of the result of channel estimation by the channel estimating unit by a predetermined amount for the respective base station antennas, wherein the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit selects the base station antenna or calculates the phase rotation amounts of the base station antennas based on an output of the phase rotating unit.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, the channel estimating unit receives the pilot channels which are orthogonal to each other due to orthogonal codes allocated to the respective base station antennas, and performs channel estimation with the base station antennas based on the signals of the pilot channels.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit selects a base station antenna to be subjected to phase rotation by a predetermined phase amount ⁇ (0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) based on an output of the phase rotating unit, and the transmission unit transmits the identification of the base station antenna selected by the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, the predetermined phase amount ⁇ is ⁇ .
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit selects a base station antenna and calculates a phase rotation amount of the selected base station antenna, and the transmission unit transmits the identification of the base station antenna selected by the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit and the phase rotation amount calculated by the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned terminal apparatus, the antenna selecting/phase amount calculating unit calculates the phase rotation amount or selects the antenna, based on an average value of outputs from the phase rotating unit for multiple subcaniers.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention includes: a transmission unit that transmits signals of pilot channels allocated to respective base station antennas and orthogonal to each other; a transmission circuit controlling unit that directs a phase control for the respective base station antennas based on an identification of a base station antenna or a phase rotation amount included in a received signal; and a phase rotating unit that applies phase rotation to respective subcarriers based on a direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, a transmission unit that transmits signals of pilot channels allocated to respective base station antennas and orthogonal to each other; a transmission circuit controlling unit that directs a phase control for the respective base station antennas based on an identification of a base station antenna or a phase rotation amount included in a received signal; and a phase rotating unit that applies phase rotation to respective subcarriers based on a direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit, are provided.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the transmission unit transmits the signals of the pilot channels orthogonal to each other due to orthogonal codes allocated to the respective base station antennas.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the phase rotating unit does not add phase rotation to subcarriers corresponding to the pilot channels, and adds to a subcarrier corresponding to a data signal both phase rotation in accordance with delay times added to the respective antennas and phase rotation based on the direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the phase rotating unit adds phase rotation to subcarriers corresponding to the pilot channels based on the direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit, and adds to a subcarrier corresponding to a data signal both phase rotation in accordance with delay times added to the respective antennas, and phase rotation based on the direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the phase rotating unit adds phase rotation to subcarriers corresponding to the pilot channels in accordance with delay times added to the respective antennas, and adds to a subcarrier corresponding to a data signal both phase rotation in accordance with a delay time added to the respective antennas, and phase rotation based on the direction from the transmission circuit controlling unit.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the received signal does not contain a phase rotation amount, and the transmission circuit controlling unit directs the phase rotation for the respective base station antennas based on the identification of the base station antenna included in the received signal, and a predetermined phase amount ⁇ (0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ) which is a value common to the respective subcarriers.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, the predetermined phase amount ⁇ is ⁇ .
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention is in the aforementioned base station apparatus, delay times added to the respective base station antennas can be set to different values for terminal apparatuses communicating with the base station apparatus.
  • the terminal apparatus of the present invention estimates channels with the base station antennas corresponding to respective pilot channels, and based on the result of applying a predetermined amount of phase rotation to the result of the channel estimation, selects a base station antenna where applying phase rotation improves the communication state, and calculates the phase rotation amount. Consequently, there is the advantage that a favorable multi-user diversity effect can be obtained.
  • the base station apparatus of the present invention applies phase rotation to respective subcarriers, based on an identification of a base station antenna selected so as to improve the communication state, or a phase rotation amount calculated so as to improve the communication state, which are included in the received signal. Consequently, there is the advantage that a favorable multi-user diversity effect can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of a communication system in accordance with a first embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a delay profile of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a transfer function of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a delay profile of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a transfer function of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram showing a transfer function of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a delay profile of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4B is a diagram showing the frequency variation corresponding to the maximum delay time of FIG. 4A in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a delay profile of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the frequency variation corresponding to the maximum delay time of FIG. 5A in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is an explanatory drawing of a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment without adding delay.
  • FIG. 6B is an explanatory drawing of a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment without adding delay.
  • FIG. 6C is an explanatory drawing of a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment without adding delay.
  • FIG. 7A is an explanatory drawing showing a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment with different delays added at respective antennas.
  • FIG. 7B is an explanatory drawing showing a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment with different delays added at each antenna.
  • FIG. 7C is an explanatory drawing showing a situation where the same signal is transmitted from multiple antennas in the first embodiment with different delays added at respective antennas.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the signal structure within a chunk in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing how orthogonal codes are allocated to pilot channels in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing showing how signals reach a wireless receiver from wireless transmitters in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the transfer function between respective transmission antennas and a reception antenna, and the transfer function of the combined wave thereof in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the transfer function between respective transmission antennas and a reception antenna, and the transfer function of the combined wave thereof in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the antenna number notification signal that is notified from the terminal apparatus to the base station apparatus in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a terminal apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a receiver circuit unit included in the terminal apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the receiver circuit unit included in the terminal apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a channel estimating unit included in the terminal apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a base station apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a transmission circuit unit included in the base station apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a phase control signal used in the base station apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a phase control signal used in the base station apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the transfer function between respective transmission antennas and a reception antenna, and the transfer function of the combined wave thereof in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the transfer function between respective transmission antennas and a reception antenna, and the transfer function of the combined wave thereof in a second embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the transfer function between respective transmission antennas and a reception antenna, and the transfer function of the combined wave thereof in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the antenna number/phase rotation amount notification signal that is notified from the terminal apparatus to the base station apparatus in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a terminal apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a receiver circuit unit included in the terminal apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a base station apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a phase control signal used in the base station apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a phase control signal used in the base station apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram showing chunks in a signal transmitted from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver recited in the background art.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the allocated slots in a signal transmitted from a wireless transmitter to a wireless receiver in the background art.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a communication system in accordance with the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows that signals transmitted by a wireless transmitter 1 travel through a plurality of channels and arrive at a wireless receiver 7 .
  • the wireless transmitter 1 has a plurality of transmission antennas 2 to 4 , and signals are sent from the respective transmission antennas 2 to 4 with different delay times, 0, T, and 2T applied to the respective transmission antennas.
  • the wireless receiver 7 receives the signals transmitted from the wireless transmitter 1 .
  • FIG. 1 a case is described by way of example, in which the wireless transmitter 1 includes three transmission antennas 2 to 4 .
  • the plurality of transmission antennas mentioned here are, by way of example, the antennas installed in a wireless transmitter serving as a base station facility for cellular phones or the like, and can be any of three kinds of antenna namely; within the same sector, within the same base station but in different sectors, or in different base stations.
  • the delay time T is applied by delay devices 5 and 6 in the figure, that apply a delay time of T at transmission antenna 3 , and a delay time of 2T at transmission antenna 4 , as mentioned above.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are diagrams showing the delay profile and transfer function of signal that reach the wireless receiver through a plurality of (three) channels with different delay times.
  • FIG. 2A shows a delay profile in terms of time (horizontal axis) and power (vertical axis) of transmission signals that reach a wireless receiver through a plurality of channels with different delay times.
  • the instantaneous delay profile has a maximum delayed wave of 2T+dmax, which is a greater maximum delayed wave than if the same signal were transmitted from the respective transmission antennas.
  • dmax indicates the difference between the arrival times of the radio waves that traveled from the transmission antennas to the reception antenna over the fastest channel and those that traveled over slower channels.
  • FIG. 2B shows a transfer function in terms of frequency (horizontal axis) and power (vertical axis) obtained by frequency-converting the delay profile in FIG. 2A .
  • an increase in the maximum delay time 2T+dmax in the delay profile means more rapid variation in the transfer function due to frequency.
  • data D 1 and D 2 are each spread at a spreading factor of four and subcarriers are allocated.
  • the spreading factor or the coding rate of an error-correcting code is controlled on the wireless transmitter 1 side in accordance with the variation in the transfer function due to frequency.
  • the delay time 2T is already known at the wireless transmitter 1 side, the spreading factor or code rate of the error-correcting code can be determined without regard to the variation of the channel due to frequency.
  • FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B , and FIG. 3C are diagrams showing the delay profile and transfer function of signals that reach a wireless receiver through a plurality of channels with different delay times.
  • FIG. 3A shows a delay profile in terms of time (horizontal axis) and power (vertical axis) which represents the arrival of transmission signals at a wireless receiver through a plurality of (three) channels with different delay times.
  • FIG. 3B shows the transfer function at the wireless receiver used by user u 1 .
  • FIG. 3C shows the transfer function at the wireless receiver used by user u 2 .
  • the wireless receivers of user u 1 and user u 2 are at different locations, the instantaneous transfer functions are different. In other words, deeming the regions on the left side of FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C frequency channel b 1 , and the regions on the right side frequency channel b 2 , user u 1 obtains better quality in frequency channel b 2 , and user u 2 obtains better quality in frequency channel b 1 . Accordingly, the data D 1 to D 4 are transmitted to user u 1 over frequency channel b 2 . The data D 1 to D 4 are transmitted to user u 2 over frequency channel b 1 .
  • FIG. 4A , FIG. 4B , FIG. 5A , and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing the relationship between the maximum delay time (n ⁇ 1) T and frequency variation.
  • the transfer function of this channel is as shown in FIG. 4B .
  • the interval between falls in the amplitude of the power can be expressed as F 1/(n ⁇ 1)T.
  • a frequency diversity effect or a multi-user diversity effect can be obtained without being affected by the state of the channel.
  • Transmission using frequency diversity and transmission using multi-user diversity can be switched in accordance with such factors as the type of signal being transmitted (pilot signal, control signal, broadcast/multicast signal or the like) or the speed at which the wireless receiver is moving (frequency diversity when the receiver is traveling quickly and multi-user diversity when the receiver is traveling slowly).
  • FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C are explanatory drawings showing the transmission of the same signal from multiple antennas of a wireless transmitter 8 without the application of delay time.
  • the wireless transmitter 8 includes a plurality of (three) horizontally omnidirectional transmission antennas arranged in parallel
  • the elliptical lobes e 11 and e 12 shown in FIG. 6A are produced, receivers in certain directions such as wireless receiver 9 are able to receive the reception signal across the entire frequency band with a high reception level (refer to FIG. 6B ), but receivers in other directions such as wireless receiver 10 receive the reception signal at a low reception level across the entire band (refer to FIG. 6C ).
  • FIG. 7A through FIG. 7C are explanatory drawings showing the transmission of the same signal from multiple antennas of the wireless transmitter 8 , with different delay times applied.
  • the wireless transmitter 8 includes a plurality of (three) horizontally omnidirectional transmission antennas arranged in parallel, and assuming a narrow band
  • the elliptical lobes e 21 to e 26 shown in FIG. 7A are produced, certain frequency bands in the received signal have high reception levels and other frequency bands have low reception levels, but the average level of the received signal is fairly constant regardless of direction. Consequently, in terms of the reception level of the signals at the wireless receiver 9 (refer to FIG. 7B ) and at the wireless receiver 10 (refer to FIG.
  • the method of transmitting signals by applying different delay times at respective antennas of the wireless transmitter 8 can overcome the deficiencies associated with transmitting the same signal from each of multiple antennas as explained with reference to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C .
  • FIG. 8 shows the signal structure within a chunk in the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 shows the signal structure within the chunk K 1 in FIG. 31 in detail.
  • chunk K 1 includes 19 subcarriers arranged in the frequency direction (horizontal axis direction) and four OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols arranged in the time direction (vertical axis).
  • the shaded portions p 1 to p 10 in the figure constitute the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH), used to estimate the channel during demodulation and to measure aspects such as the quality of the received signal.
  • CPICH Common Pilot Channel
  • the foregoing structure is the same for chunks K 1 to K 20 .
  • the common pilot channel and dedicated pilot channel are referred to collectively as the pilot channels (the pilot channels in the claims). Delay time is added to the data signal portion only, not to the pilot channels.
  • the dedicated pilot channel is added for the purpose of complementing the common pilot channel, and is used for such purposes as estimating channels during demodulation.
  • non-shaded portions in FIG. 8 are subcarriers which are allocated to the data signals used to carry data channels and control channels.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example where orthogonal codes A, B, and C are allocated to the common pilot channel shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the common pilot channel is a pilot channel that is received at all terminals.
  • the horizontal axis represents frequency
  • the curved shapes at the top of the figure indicate subcarriers.
  • the shaded subcarriers at the top of the figure correspond to the common pilot channel described in FIG. 8 , and orthogonal codes A, B, and C are allocated to this common pilot channel.
  • the orthogonal codes are also allocated to every second subcarrier.
  • the orthogonal codes (here orthogonal codes A, B, and C) are allocated, respectively, to the common pilot channel transmitted from each of the transmission antennas 2 , 3 , and 4 shown in FIG. 1 (hereinafter it is assumed that these antennas are allocated antenna number 1 , 2 , and 3 respectively).
  • a transfer function that depicts the channel response in the frequency domain between the transmission antenna 2 and the reception antenna 11 can be determined even when the common pilot channels are transmitted concurrently from the other transmission antennas 3 and 4 .
  • the transfer function between the transmission antenna 2 (, the transmission antenna 3 , or the transmission antenna 4 ) and the reception antenna 11 can be determined in the same manner.
  • FIG. 10 shows a simplified version of FIG. 1 .
  • the two are the same in that signals are transmitted from a transmitter 1 through three transmission antennas 2 , 3 , and 4 and received at a receiver 7 , but differ in that the transfer function of the channel between the transmission antenna 2 and the reception antenna 11 is labeled H 1 , the transfer function between the transmission antenna 3 and the reception antenna 11 is labeled H 2 , and the transfer function between the transmission antenna 4 and the reception antenna 7 is labeled H 3 .
  • delay devices 5 and 6 add a delay of time T.
  • the transfer function of the combined waves of the transmission antennas 2 to 4 for the received signals that reach the receiver 7 from the transmitter 1 can be expressed as in FIG. 11 , by taking into consideration the delay added by the delay devices 5 and 6 as well as the transfer functions H 1 to H 3 .
  • the horizontal axis is the real axis
  • the vertical axis is the imaginary axis.
  • m′ is the subcarrier number of the middle subcarrier of the chunk used for communication between the transmitter 1 and the receiver 7 (for example chunk K 1 ).
  • Ts indicates the useful symbol duration of the OFDM symbol.
  • the value of ⁇ can be calculated once the chunk used for communication and the delay time T for each transmission antenna are determined, by utilizing the properties of the orthogonal codes to calculate the transfer functions H 1 to H 3 between the transmission antennas 2 to 4 and the reception antenna 8 , H 1 , H 2 e j ⁇ , and H 3 e j2 ⁇ , which are the transfer functions after delay is added at each transmission antenna, and H 1 +H 2 e j ⁇ +H 3 e j2 ⁇ , which is the transfer function after combining, can be calculated.
  • the transfer functions H 1 , H 2 e j ⁇ , and H 3 e j2 ⁇ after delay is added at each transmission antenna can be calculated, then if, using for example H 1 as a references, a vector of the transfer function after delay is added at each transmission antenna (here H 3 e j2 ⁇ ) appears in a position opposite H 1 over a dashed straight line which passes through the origin and is perpendicular to H 1 , then it can be understood that the transmission antenna 4 is working so as to weaken the received signals. Accordingly, by transmitting a signal from the base station with the phase inverted at the transmission antenna 4 , the signal from the transmission antenna 4 can be utilized so as to enhance the received signals as shown in FIG.
  • the transfer functions H 1 , H 2 e j ⁇ , and H 3 e j2 ⁇ after delay is added at each transmission antenna can be measured only at the terminal apparatus, and phase control such as “inverting the phase of the transmission antenna 4 ” can be performed only at the base station, information about whether or not phase inversion is required for each antenna number is provided from the terminal apparatus to the base station in the form of a binary signal as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the terminal apparatus includes: a MAC (Media Access Control) unit 17 that performs ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) processing, scheduling processing, and data assembly and disassembly, as well as controlling a physical layer unit 18 , including transferring data received from a higher layer (not shown) to the physical layer unit 18 and transferring data transferred from the physical layer unit 18 to the higher layer (not shown); the physical layer unit 18 that, under the control of the MAC unit 17 , converts the transmission data transferred from the MAC unit 17 into a wireless transmission signal, and passes received wireless signals to the MAC unit 17 .
  • a MAC Media Access Control
  • ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest
  • the MAC unit 17 notifies a reception circuit unit 22 of the phase rotation amount ⁇ shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , and the reception circuit 22 notifies the MAC unit 17 of obtained information about whether or not phase inversion is required for each antenna number ( FIG. 13 ) as an antenna number notification signal.
  • the physical layer unit 18 includes: a transmission circuit unit 21 that modulates the transmission data notified from the MAC unit 17 and transfers to a wireless frequency converting unit 23 ; the reception circuit unit 22 that demodulates the output from the wireless frequency converting unit 23 and passes to the MAC unit 17 ; the wireless frequency converting unit 23 that converts transmission signals passed from the transmission circuit unit 21 into a wireless frequency, and converts reception signals received by an antenna unit 24 into a frequency band able to be processed by the reception circuit unit 22 ; and the antenna unit 24 that transmits transmission signals passed from the frequency converting unit 23 , and receives signals.
  • the fundamental roles of these constituent elements, with the exception of the reception circuit unit 22 are described in the following reference documents (1) and (2).
  • the reception circuit 22 includes: an A/D converting unit 33 that performs analog/digital conversion of the output of the wireless frequency converting unit 23 ( FIG. 14 ); a GI removing unit 34 that removes a guard interval (GI) from the output of the A/D converting unit 33 ; an S/P converting unit 35 that performs serial/parallel conversion of the output of the GI removing unit 34 ; an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) unit 36 that performs time/frequency conversion of the output of the SIP converting unit 35 ; a pilot channel extracting unit 37 that separates pilot channels from a data signal in the output of the FFT unit 36 ; antenna-specific channel estimating units 41 - 1 to 41 - 3 that use the pilot channels to derive the “transfer functions after delay is added at each transmission antenna” for the antennas numbered 1 to 3 ; an adding unit 44 that adds the outputs of the antenna-specific channel estimating units 41 - 1 to
  • the antenna-specific channel estimating unit 41 - 1 includes: the channel estimating unit 42 that calculates a channel estimation value for each transmission antenna based on the pilot channel signal extracted from the received signal by the pilot channel extracting unit 37 ; and a phase rotating unit 43 that multiplies the output of the channel estimating unit 42 by an amount of phase rotation ⁇ m corresponding to the delay for each transmission antenna.
  • An inversion antenna selecting unit 47 uses the outputs of the phase rotating unit 43 to determine which transmission antennas are to be subjected to phase rotation by a predetermined phase amount as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 (here, the predetermined phase amount is ⁇ , which inverts the phase), and notifies the MAC unit 17 of the result as the antenna number notification signal.
  • the MAC unit 17 outputs this antenna number notification signal to the transmission circuit unit 21 ( FIG. 14 ) as transmission data, and the data is then transmitted via the wireless frequency converting unit 23 and the antenna unit 24 .
  • the antenna-specific channel estimating units 41 - 2 and 41 - 3 have the same construction as the antenna-specific channel estimating unit 41 - 1 . Furthermore, a situation in which the switch unit 45 uses the output of the channel estimating unit 42 as the channel estimation value corresponds to (for example) when a data signal is only transmitted from the transmission antenna allocated antenna number 1 (no transmission diversity is performed), and a situation in which the switch unit 45 uses the output of the adding unit 44 as the channel estimation value corresponds to (for example) when CDTD (Cyclic Delay Transmit Diversity) is performed.
  • CDTD Cyclic Delay Transmit Diversity
  • delay is added only to the data signal portion, not to the pilot channel.
  • the reception circuit unit 22 shown in FIG. 16 has substantially the same construction as that shown in FIG. 15 , with the exception that the antenna-specific channel estimating unit 48 - 1 has an averaging unit 49 .
  • the inversion antenna selecting unit 47 uses the middle subcarrier of the chunk used for communication by the transmitter 1 and receiver 7 (for example chunk K 1 ) as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , but in FIG. 16 , the averaging unit 49 is provided that averages the outputs for multiple subcarriers from the phase rotating unit 43 calculated from the pilot channels in the chunk, and the inversion antenna selecting unit 47 uses the output of the averaging unit 49 , and thus antennas can be selected using the average transfer function within the chunk.
  • FIG. 17 shows the channel estimating unit 42 of FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 in detail.
  • the input to the channel estimating unit 42 enters a code multiplying unit 50 .
  • the input signal is multiplied by a complex conjugate of code A (refer to FIG. 9 ) in the code multiplying unit 50 , and then added in a despreading unit 51 over the period of the orthogonal code (in the case of code A in FIG. 9 , adding for 4 pilot channels).
  • the channel estimating unit 42 output can determine the transfer function of the channel from the desired antenna.
  • Information about the orthogonal code and period thereof is notified from the control unit 46 .
  • FIG. 18 shows the construction of the base station apparatus.
  • the base station apparatus includes: a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) unit 65 that receives IP packets, performs such processing as compressing headers thereof, transfers to an RLC (Radio Link Control) unit 66 , and decompresses the headers so as to convert data received from the RLC unit 66 into IP packets; the RLC (Radio Link Control) unit 66 that transfers data received from the PDCP unit 65 to a MAC (Media Access Control) unit 67 and also transfers data transferred from the MAC unit 67 to the PDCP unit 65 ; the MAC (Media Access Control) unit 67 that performs ARQ processing, scheduling processing, and data assembly and disassembly, as well as controlling a physical layer unit 68 , transferring data transferred from the RLC unit 66 to the physical layer unit 68 and transferring data transferred from the physical layer unit 68 to the RLC unit 66 ; and the physical layer unit 68 that, under the control of the MAC
  • the MAC unit 67 includes: a scheduling unit 69 that determines the allocated slots to use to communicate with each terminal communicating with the base station apparatus; and a transmission circuit controlling unit 70 that controls the transmission circuit unit 71 using “subcarrier allocation information” based on “chunk allocation information” received from the scheduling unit 69 , and uses a phase control signal to control the delay time between the antennas depending on a frequency diversity region or multi-user diversity region, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 .
  • the transmission circuit controlling unit 70 uses the antenna number notification signal, which is notified from the reception circuit 72 based on the received signal, to control the transmission circuit 71 through the phase control signal.
  • the physical layer unit 68 includes: the transmission circuit unit 71 that performs modulation of data notified from the MAC unit 67 under the control of the transmission circuit controlling unit 70 and notifies the wireless frequency converting unit 73 ; the reception circuit unit 72 that demodulates the output of the wireless frequency converting unit 73 and passes to the MAC unit 67 ; the frequency converting unit 73 that converts transmission signals passed from the transmission circuit unit 71 into a wireless frequency, and converts reception signals received by antenna units 74 to 76 into a frequency band able to be processed by the reception circuit unit 72 ; and the antenna units 74 to 76 that transmit transmission signals passed from the frequency converting unit 73 into wireless space and receive signals from the wireless space.
  • the transmission circuit unit 71 which is a feature of the present invention, the details of the roles of these constituent elements are described in reference documents (1) and (2) mentioned above, and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • FIG. 19 shows the construction of the transmission circuit unit 71 in the present embodiment.
  • the transmission circuit unit 71 includes: user-specific signal processing units 81 a and 81 b that process signals destined for respective users; a pilot signal generating unit 102 that generates pilot channel signals which are used, for example, for channel estimation in the terminals, orthogonal codes which are orthogonal with each other being allocated to the respective antennas, and inputs them into a pilot channel inserting unit 85 ; a subcarrier allocating unit 84 that allocates the outputs of the user-specific signal processing units 81 a and 81 b to respective subcarriers; and antenna-specific signal processing units 101 - 1 , 101 - 2 , and 101 - 3 that process the signals for the respective antennas.
  • the user-specific signal processing unit 81 a includes an error correction encoding unit 82 that performs error-correction encoding of transmission data, and a modulating unit 83 that performs modulation processing such as QPSK or 16 QAM on the output of the error correction encoding unit.
  • the outputs from the user-specific signal processing units 81 a and 81 b are allocated to suitable subcarriers in the subcarrier allocating unit 84 which allocates to suitable subcarriers based on the “subcarrier allocation information” notified from the transmission circuit controlling unit 70 (refer to FIG. 18 ), and are then output to the antenna-specific signal processing units 101 - 1 to 101 - 3 .
  • the pilot channel inserting unit 85 allocates the output of the pilot channel generating unit 102 to the positions (subcarriers) for the common pilot channels as shown in FIG. 8 , based on the outputs of the subcarrier allocating unit 84 and the output of the pilot channel generating unit 102 .
  • the outputs of the pilot channel inserting unit 85 are input into a phase rotating/weight multiplying unit 86 , in which a phase rotation ⁇ m or weight win is multiplied for respective subcarriers, and the result is output to an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transport: inverse fast Fourier converting unit) unit 87 .
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transport: inverse fast Fourier converting unit
  • the output of the IFFT unit 87 is subjected to parallel-to-serial conversion in a parallel/serial converting unit 88 , and a guard interval is added to the output of the parallel/serial converting unit 88 by a GI adding unit 89 .
  • a filter unit 90 extracts only a signal of a desired bandwidth in the output of the GI adding unit 89 , and a D/A converting unit 91 performs digital/analog conversion of the output of the filter unit 90 and outputs. This output serves as the output of the antenna-specific signal processing unit 101 - 1 .
  • the antenna-specific signal processing units 101 - 2 and 101 - 3 have a similar construction.
  • the outputs of the antenna-specific signal processing units 101 - 1 , 101 - 2 , and 101 - 3 each pass through the wireless frequency converting unit 73 (refer to FIG. 18 ) which performs frequency-conversion into a wireless frequency and then output to the antennas 74 , 75 , and 76 (refer to FIG. 18 ) for transmission as a wireless signal.
  • the phase rotation is ⁇ m, which is notified from the transmission circuit controlling unit 70 as the phase control signal based on the antenna number notification signal included in the reception signal received by the base station apparatus. The details thereof will be described below.
  • directivity control can be performed by setting the weight in the manner shown below.
  • wm is the weight used by the weight multiplying circuit expressed as a vector, where the first element corresponds to the weight used for antenna number 1 , the second element corresponds to the weight used for antenna number 2 , and the nth element corresponds to the weight used for antenna number n, and so on.
  • ⁇ ′ is the direction of the main beam
  • k is the ratio between the frequency at which the signal is to be transmitted and the frequency at which ⁇ ′ was measured.
  • a value by a receiver or the terminal of the other party of communication is notified to a weight calculating unit 310 and used when deriving the weight wm.
  • the wm given above is only one example, and a method of deriving ⁇ ′ and win is proposed in detail in the following reference document:
  • FIG. 19 a situation involving two users and three antennas was described, but naturally a similar construction can be employed for other situations.
  • FIG. 20 relates to the phase control signal.
  • different phase rotation is applied for respective antennas (antenna numbers 1 , 2 , and 3 ), respective subcarriers (subcarrier m), against the pilot channel and the data signal, and for respective chunks (or allocated slots) used for communication (the delay amount T differs as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 ).
  • no delay amount is added to the pilot channel at any antenna, and no delay amount is added to the antenna designated antenna number 1 .
  • a delay time of T is added at antenna number 2 to the data signal portion only, and a delay time of 2T is added at antenna number 3 .
  • antenna number 3 is notified as shown in FIG. 13 , and the phase inversion is performed for the antenna designated antenna number 3 .
  • the phase rotation amount ⁇ m of the phase control signal is always 0 for the pilot channel regardless of the antennas, and for the data signal portion, it is 0 for antenna number 1 , 2 ⁇ mT/Ts for antenna number 2 , and 2 ⁇ m2T/Ts+ ⁇ for antenna number 3 .
  • phase rotation is implemented based on the phase control signal. If the antenna number notification signal notified from the terminal indicates an antenna other than antenna number 3 , the phase of that antenna is controlled by adding ⁇ .
  • T is the delay time between antenna number 1 and antenna number 2 , and can be a different value for respective chunks (or allocated slots) used for communication.
  • m is the subcarrier number
  • Ts is the useful symbol duration of the OFDM symbol.
  • phase control information shown in FIG. 21 is used in the same manner.
  • the phase control information in FIG. 21 is substantially the same as that in FIG. 20 , with the exception of the phase control information related to the pilot channel of antenna number 3 .
  • the phase inversion operation is performed in the phase rotating/weight multiplying unit 86 on not only the data signal but also the pilot channel of the antenna whose antenna number is included in the antenna number notification signal notified from the terminal, and the use of such phase control information distinguishes FIG. 21 from FIG. 20 .
  • the phase rotation amount added in the phase rotating unit included in the antenna-specific channel estimating unit 41 - 3 on the terminal apparatus side in FIG. 15 also differs from FIG.
  • FIG. 23 is substantially the same as FIG. 10 , except that by adding the phase rotation amount required to align the phases at H 1 , that is, adding phase rotation amount of ⁇ 2 to the signal H 2 e j ⁇ from the antenna designated antenna number 2 (in this case transmission antenna 3 ) and phase rotation amount of ⁇ 3 to the signal H 3 e j2 ⁇ from the antenna designated antenna number 3 (in this case transmission antenna 4 ), the received signals from the three transmission antennas can be added in an in-phase and received at the terminal.
  • the transfer functions of respective antennas after delay is added are H 1 , H 2 e j ⁇ , and H 3 e j2 ⁇ .
  • the combined transfer function thereof is H 1 +H 2 e j ⁇ +H 3 e j2 ⁇
  • the resulting transfer functions after phase rotation is performed and delay is added at respective antennas are H 1 , H 2 ej( ⁇ + ⁇ 2) , and H 3 e j(2 ⁇ + ⁇ 3)
  • the amplitude of the combined transfer function H 1 +H 2 e j( ⁇ + ⁇ 2) +H 3 e j(2 ⁇ + ⁇ 3) thereof is larger than that of FIG.
  • the terminal apparatus must notify the base station apparatus of the phase rotation amounts for respective antenna numbers as shown in FIG. 25 .
  • FIG. 26 the apparatus configuration of the terminal apparatus of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 26 .
  • the terminal apparatus recited in FIG. 26 is substantially the same as that described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. 14 , but differs in that the reception circuit unit 122 is different and an antenna number/phase rotation amount notification signal shown in FIG. 25 is notified from the reception circuit unit 122 to the MAC unit 17 .
  • the MAC unit 17 uses the antenna number/phase rotation amount notification signal as transmission data, the transmission circuit unit 21 performs modulation processing and performs communication with the base station.
  • FIG. 27 is substantially the same as FIG.
  • phase rotation amount calculating unit 147 calculates the phase rotation amount required to align the phases at respective antennas with the transfer function H 1 as shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 using the output of the phase rotating unit 43 , and notifies the MAC unit 17 as the antenna number/phase rotation amount notification signal.
  • the output of the averaging unit 49 can be input into the phase rotation amount calculating unit 147 in the same manner as in FIG. 16 of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 28 is substantially the same as that of FIG. 18 of the first embodiment, but differs in that a transmission circuit controlling unit 170 controls the transmission circuit unit 71 using the antenna number/phase rotation amount notification signal notified from the reception circuit unit 72 .
  • the transmission circuit unit 71 is the same as that described in FIG. 19 , and will not be described in the present embodiment.
  • the phase control information with which the transmission circuit controlling unit 170 controls the transmission circuit unit 71 can be expressed in the manner shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 29 is substantially the same as FIG.
  • phase control information shown in FIG. 30 could also be used.
  • the phase control information in FIG. 30 is substantially the same as that in FIG. 29 , with the exception of the phase control information related to the pilot channels at antenna numbers 2 and 3 .
  • phase control is performed not only by phase control information related to the data signal included in the antenna number notification signal notified from the terminal, but also by phase control information related to the pilot channel of ⁇ 2 for antenna number 2 and ⁇ 3 for antenna number 3 , the use of phase control information such as in FIG. 30 provides the distinction from FIG. 29 .
  • the present invention is well suited to use in a communication system that performs multi-carrier transmission between a terminal apparatus and a base station apparatus and performs scheduling by dividing into multiple blocks in frequency and time domains, but is not limited to this.

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