Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
  • C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
  • C12Q2600/106—Pharmacogenomics, i.e. genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
  • C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to soy protein-based adhesive compositions and a process for making such compositions that may be used in making particleboard and similar wood composite systems.
• the invention is further directed to particleboard and similar composite systems made with such adhesive composites.
• the present invention utilizes enzymatically-modified soy proteins.
• Soy and other protein-based adhesives have been used in composite wood systems prior to the advent of synthetic resins such as urea formaldehyde-based resins.
• the synthetic resins became popular as they offered better moisture resistance and lower press times.
• the demand for natural, environmentally-friendly wood composite adhesive compositions has been ever-increasing, due also in part to the known hazards of formaldehyde-based adhesives.
• the use of natural soy protein-based adhesives in wood composites that also resist water intrusion must result in composites that at a minimum meet or exceed the composites that utilize urea formaldehyde.
• the present invention that uses an enzymatically-modified soy protein satisfies these requirements.
• Wood composite panels are typically formed by combining appropriate wood furnish with suitable polymeric adhesives, forming them into a mat, and finally thermally curing them under pressure.
• suitable polymeric adhesives employ formaldehyde-based resins.
• a wood adhesive must wet wood substrates efficiently, adhere or glue particles together and, in the process, establish inter-particle bonds that create strong, water-resistant wood composites.
• particleboard manufacture employs urea formaldehyde (UF) resins that are typically supplied at 65 weight % solids and used at levels of 6-10 weight % of dry resin on wood furnish.
• UF formaldehyde
• formaldehyde-based resins may be efficient and cost effective as adhesives, the toxicity and carcinogenicity of formaldehyde to humans is a serious health concern, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
• IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
• Formaldehyde has a pungent, irritating odor even at very low concentrations ( ⁇ 1 ppm).
• Individuals sensitized to formaldehyde may experience headaches and minor eye and airway irritation at levels below the odor threshold.
• Low-dose acute exposure can result in headache, rhinitis, and dyspnea, while higher doses may cause severe mucous membrane irritation, burning, lachrymation, and lower respiratory effects such as bronchitis, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia.
• the present invention provides such an adhesive composition which utilizes an aqueous mixture with a soy protein modified by an enzyme, specifically urease, and provides a process to make such composition and novel wood composite systems produced by such process and using the novel adhesive composition.
• the present invention is directed to a soy protein-based adhesive composition, process for making the composition and a process for making the composition.
• the composition of the present invention comprises an aqueous mixture of calcium oxide, pine oil, soy protein, lignin, and acid, where the soy protein is modified by an enzyme, specifically urease.
• the acid can be an organic or inorganic acid.
• the adhesive composition can be mixed with a source of lignocellulose to make particleboard or other wood composite systems.
• the adhesive composition of the present invention is an aqueous mixture of calcium oxide, pine oil, protein, lignin, and acid.
• the composition can be mixed with wood furnish or other source of lignocellulose to produce improved particleboard or other similar wood composite systems that are formaldehyde-free.
• the composition comprises a mixture of water, calcium oxide, pine oil, soy protein, lignin, and acid, where the soy protein is modified by an enzyme, specifically urease.
• the soy protein can be soybean or similar protein.
• the acid can be an organic or inorganic acid.
• the mixture comprises inorganic nitric acid as the preferred acid.
• the urease enzyme-modified soy protein of the mixture enables much higher solids content for the mixture and provides much improved particleboard and particleboard performance by reducing water quantity in the process of manufacture, which in turn reduces processing time and increases particleboard strength.
• the pine oil of the mixture of the present invention acts as a natural product defoamer (for improved foam reduction) and prevents microbial degradation (for improved storage stability) of the novel adhesive composition.
• U.S. Pat. No. 7,081,159 urea-formaldehyde
• the present invention is a vast improvement over the formaldehyde-based adhesives and over the soybean protein-based adhesive described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,081,159, which is limited to 30% solids with a paste-like consistency.
• an aqueous dispersion of soybean protein is a poor adhesive as the majority of polar and non-polar groups are rendered unavailable for wood particle wetting and adhesion.
• Enzymatic modification of proteins can be tailored to minimize undesired side reactions and improve access to protein functional groups. For instance, trypsin is known to hydrolyze peptide bonds containing basic amino acids such as lysine or arginine. Chymotrypsin, pepsin, and papain each selectively catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in different regions of the protein. There are currently no known reports of enzymatically modifying soybean protein to achieve improved adhesive properties for use in particleboards.
• the present invention has proven significant success in enzymatically modifying commercially available soybean protein grades as the sole binder for use in adhesive formulations through selective chain scission where the adhesive processing characteristics and bond strengths are improved as molecular weight is reduced, which is an unexpected but highly desirable consequence.
• an aqueous dispersion of soybean protein was blended with the enzyme urease at various weight ratios for 2.5 hours at 1200 rpm (pH 8, 37° C.).
• the enzyme was deactivated by raising the system pH to 11, and the hydrolyzed blend was processed to an adhesive using a standard formulation.
• the modification enabled the synthesis of adhesives with 45% solids while achieving lower viscosity than previously achieved.
• Adhesive compositions prepared from the urease-modified soy protein were processed into particleboards using a 24-inch by 24-inch press with an initial pressure of 2500-3000 psi maintained for 300-360 seconds at 193° C. The particleboards were then evaluated for density, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength (IB) (Table 1).
• Time Step Detail 0:00 1 Charge reactor (reaction kettle) with water and adjust to pH 8 using ammonia. 0:05 2 Place in a water bath at 37 ⁇ 2° C., initiate agitation at 100 RPM, and allow the temperature to stabilize for 15 minutes. 0:20 3 Add the enzyme and increase agitation to 300 RPM. 0:35 4 Allow mixture to stir for 25 minutes. 1:00 5 Add 50% of the protein over 15 minutes. 1:15 6 Add the remaining protein slowly, taking care to ensure that it is blended completely. Gradually increase stirring speed to 1200 RPM. 2:00 7 Allow the mixture to stir for an additional 90 minutes. 3:30 8 Raise the temperature to 68 ⁇ 2° C., and charge reactor with calcium oxide and pine oil.
• particleboards During particleboard manufacture, the core tightens less than either surface that is in contact with the press platens; therefore, its strength is also lower than that of the surface.
• the IB value of particleboards is often therefore a better indicator of particleboard performance than MOR and MOE. It has been shown that particleboards with similar MOR and MOE values displayed varying LB values that were related to differences in the manufacturing process.
• the data disclosed reveal that the urease soybean protein modification of the present invention at weight ratio of 250:1 resulted in particleboards that were totally free of synthetic formaldehyde precursors and met and/or exceeded ANSI specifications for MOR and MOE, as well as outperformed commercial particleboards. More importantly, the IB values of particleboards formulated with the urease modified soybean protein adhesive of the present invention far exceeded the IB values of either commercial particleboards or ANSI specifications.
• the particleboards having high IB values imparted by the urease-modified soybean protein adhesive composition of the present invention are a significant improvement over current particleboards and represent a step change in particleboard technology.
• the present invention has for the first time described and fully characterized an improved soy protein-based adhesive composition, process for making the composition, and wood composite system made with the adhesive composition.
• the above detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Specific details have been disclosed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present invention and are used for explanation of the information provided. Descriptions of specific applications are meant to serve only as representative examples. Various suitable changes, modifications, combinations, and equivalents to the preferred embodiments may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art and the general principles defined herein may be applicable to other embodiments and applications while still remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention. The claims and specification should not be construed to unduly narrow the complete scope of protection to which the present invention is entitled.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-09-25 EP EP20140192641 patent/EP2868753A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-25 WO PCT/US2009/058483 patent/WO2010036965A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-25 US US12/586,739 patent/US20100089287A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-09-25 WO PCT/US2009/005318 patent/WO2010036353A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-25 EP EP09816583.0A patent/EP2344672B8/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-09-25 EP EP13168332.8A patent/EP2631303A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-25 EP EP09816956.8A patent/EP2331709B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-09-25 WO PCT/US2009/058487 patent/WO2010036969A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-09-25 EP EP09816937A patent/EP2342361A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-09-25 WO PCT/US2009/058459 patent/WO2010036943A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-11-04 US US12/612,584 patent/US8114600B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-11-04 US US12/612,582 patent/US20100105062A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-11-04 US US12/612,521 patent/US8129117B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-11-04 US US12/612,585 patent/US20100119626A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2012
  • 2012-01-05 US US13/344,123 patent/US20120100637A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-01-27 US US13/360,037 patent/US20120129171A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2014
  • 2014-08-13 US US14/458,854 patent/US20140350000A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (2)

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