US20100005688A1 - Method for cleaning, clearing, and/or treating an elongate path - Google Patents

Method for cleaning, clearing, and/or treating an elongate path Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100005688A1
US20100005688A1 US12/523,892 US52389208A US2010005688A1 US 20100005688 A1 US20100005688 A1 US 20100005688A1 US 52389208 A US52389208 A US 52389208A US 2010005688 A1 US2010005688 A1 US 2010005688A1
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Prior art keywords
runway
clearing
cleaning
longitudinal direction
snow
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US12/523,892
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English (en)
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Thomas Lins
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Lima & Co Betriebs KG GmbH
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Lima & Co Betriebs KG GmbH
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Assigned to LIMA GMBH & CO. BETRIEBS KG reassignment LIMA GMBH & CO. BETRIEBS KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LINS, THOMAS
Publication of US20100005688A1 publication Critical patent/US20100005688A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H1/00—Removing undesirable matter from roads or like surfaces, with or without moistening of the surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
    • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a procedure or method for cleaning, clearing and/or treating an elongate path, especially a straightly paved runway, especially the runway and/or the airstrip of an airfield with the features of the independent claim 1 .
  • FIG. 1 Schematic representation of FIG. 1 shows a conventional clearing procedure of a so called runway 10 of an airport.
  • the clear-up runs of a snow plough convoy 12 will exclusively be done in direction of travel 14 to right the hand-side. Waiting aircrafts have to circle during the relatively long period of clearing. Not until the completion of the clearing has been finished, they can begin the final descent 20 .
  • the runway 10 is closed for landing and taking-off aircrafts. Circling aircrafts 16 have to bridge the period with additional fuel reserves.
  • the effective clearing period results from as follows: the time the snow-clearing vehicles which are mostly ordered in series need to drive onto the runway. The time the snow-clearing vehicles need to order themselves in series or next to each other.
  • the time needed for clearing a runway 10 which has a length of several kilometres.
  • a procedure for removing ice and/or pressed snow layers covering circulation areas is known from AT 413564 B. In so doing, ice and snow layers will be cut by means of circular saw blades. Furthermore, water will be injected in order to simplify the ice layer being removed from the ground.
  • One objection of the present invention lies in the fact that the circulation areas and straightly paved runways will be cleared within shortest time. Simultaneously, the main purpose of the runway will be affected as few as possible.
  • the clearing of the runway is made by carrying out the clearing movement of at least one sector of the runway with a defined working width in an oblique or vertical angle to the longitudinal direction of the runway and in cycles of two or more equal, successive clearing and cleaning routes of at least one clearing device.
  • This concerns a runway which is frequented by vehicles, taking-off or landing aircrafts in longitudinal direction in successive, irregular periods.
  • a clearing movement can be a clearing route, whereas the whole device is moving correspondingly.
  • This inventive procedure preferentially enables the clearing process to be done by several and parallel clearing movements which are laterally displaced by the working width to the longitudinal direction of the runway.
  • a clearing movement may be followed by a return in opposite direction without clearing or cleaning and thereto a laterally displaced clearing and/or cleaning movement in the same direction to the previous clearing movement.
  • a clearing movement in one direction may be followed by a laterally displaced clearing movement in opposite direction and thereto a laterally displaced clearing movement in the same direction to the previous clearing movement. According to conditions or requirements, these alternatives may be combined or varied in any way.
  • the advantages of the inventive procedure will especially take effect if two or more clearing movements are done simultaneously or time-displaced in different areas along the longitudinal direction of the runway. Hence, several vehicles or clearing devices will be able to clear the runway simultaneously in different areas. This leads to the fact that the required time will be reduced considerably. The more areas of the runway will be cleared simultaneously, the shorter is the overall time required for the clearing of the whole runway or parts of it.
  • the conventional procedure describes a clearing in longitudinal direction with one, two or more vehicles taking less than 10 minutes for clearing in case of a typical airstrip of 2 km or more and a limited speed. If required, the inventive procedure enables the airstrip to be cleared much faster.
  • a further alternative is to clear the runway by means of at least one snow-clearing vehicle, especially by means of two, three or more snow-clearing vehicles running simultaneously and/or time-displaced.
  • Considerable advantages may occur when clearing the runway with one vehicle compared to the clearing of the runway in longitudinal direction. That is because mostly required areas can be cleared preferentially.
  • an especially favourable option of the inventive procedure is to drive along the runway with at least one clearing and/or cleaning vehicle while the runway is used in longitudinal direction by other vehicles or aircrafts.
  • the runway is used in longitudinal direction as it is its principal purpose—e.g. usage by starting and taking-off aircrafts—it is sensible for safety reasons to put the at least one snow-clearing vehicle laterally on the roadside or spaced to the roadside.
  • the snow-clearing vehicle can in longitudinal direction remain in standby position.
  • the snow-clearing vehicles can go on clearing and cleaning immediately after the vehicles or aircrafts passing by and after leaving the runway.
  • the runway can be cleared and cleaned until shortly before being used in longitudinal direction and/or directly after being used in longitudinal direction or in vertical angle to the longitudinal direction. Consequently, cleaning and clearing only has to be interrupted for a short time and after the passing of the aircrafts or vehicles the clearing process may be continued again.
  • An especially time-serving option of the inventive procedure is that sections of the runway, having been passed already, can be cleared and/or cleaned by one or several snow-clearing vehicles while further sections are being used in longitudinal direction by aircrafts and vehicles.
  • a larger safety clearance should be included in movement direction in order to prevent every potential collision.
  • This invention concerns a procedure favouring the removal of snow, slush, ice, dirt, alien elements, rubber, water or as the case may be.
  • contamination on straightly paved runways especially on airstrips.
  • the airstrip is also the landing strip used by aircrafts for landing and breaking.
  • Pilots and flight controllers simply call it runway which is common in English language.
  • the direction of the runway is the direction in which the aircrafts are landing and taking-off.
  • the runway will not be cleared, cleaned or treated with certain agents (de-icing fluids, salts, thawing salts, sands etc.) analogically in longitudinal direction to the runway direction while the air traffic is closed. It will be cleared in an angle deviating from the conventional clearing direction.
  • agents de-icing fluids, salts, thawing salts, sands etc.
  • a staggering distance of two minutes for example is used parallel during air traffic between two successive aircrafts which use the runway for taking-off or landing.
  • the runway can at least be cleared and treated sequentially.
  • the proof of operationality offers vehicles e.g. waiting in front of runways which are in operation on airports with several maybe parallel running runways in order to cross the runway after the passing of a taking-off or landing aircraft. This may involve a just landed aircrafts crossing a further runway with a normal speed of 5 to 15 nodes in order to reach the passenger terminal. Coordination will be made by flight controllers. Air traffic will not be impaired by crossing an active runway in such a way.
  • the present invention may simplified be referred to as so called crosswise movement.
  • Especially agricultural vehicles are suitable for the realisation of this procedure.
  • vehicles similar to trucks and equipped with tools have been used for clearing the snow.
  • These vehicles are basically used for cleaning streets and runways.
  • Special-purpose machines are more suitable for the present purpose. These vehicles will particularly advantageously be used for the special purpose of clearing the airstrip.
  • Such a vehicle may advantageously have a driving motor as being used for traction engines and tractors in agriculture.
  • a so called power shift gearbox without interrupting the traction when changing the gear should be used in stead of a conventional manual transmission interrupting the flux from the motor to the transmission.
  • a so called power shift gearbox should be used for gear shifting instead of a conventional manual transmission interrupting the flux from motor to transmission during the switching operation.
  • an infinitely variable transmission is used.
  • the tyres of the currently used vehicle should provide a well cross country mobility. This vehicle can be carried, transported and powered by low pressure tyres causing a much lower ground pressure over the prior art (for runway equipment). The ground pressure may be reduced by increasing the width and contact area (of belt drive systems etc.) and by twin tyres, increasing the number of axes. This has been developed in countless versions for the agricultural sector. If applicable, the diameter of the tyres may be so large that it is possible to cross larger snow piles at any time.
  • treads may be developed in such a way that the traction on snow, grasslands and paved grounds is ensured at any time.
  • the steering or remote steering of vehicles may be carried out or supported by means of GPS or GPRS.
  • working widths of more than 3 or 6 metres may be available. In contrast to state of the art road sweepers and snow-clearing vehicles, the available working width will be considerably increased.
  • the movements of the machines may optionally be executed by means of self propelling, tow ropes, chain tracks, poles (push and pull) or traction machines or pushers.
  • chains e.g. electronically controlled or (visual) barriers can prevent uncoordinated movements.
  • the measured frictional coefficient or the calculated breaking coefficient will be made by means of force measurement, bolt measuring and/or saving resistance of a vehicle unit, absorption of energy of tools, braking action. Furthermore, these data will be transferred if applicable in real time to the operational command.
  • this includes winter road clearance (clearing, spreading of de-icing agents, adhesive agents etc.), removal of sudden ice, clearing of transverse grooves, removal of rain water, general clearing of S/L runways, dust, dirt, foreign objects, animals, etc, measurement of braking coefficient (partly or all over) driving or keeping away animals in the area surrounding S/L runways or air traffic etc. a removal of rubber abrasion (of aircraft tyres).
  • contamination will laterally be moved to the clearing direction and if applicable, directly loaded or spread on unpaved areas by means of nearly flat lying conveyors (or the like) on which contamination of any kind is moved on.
  • Contamination may be moved and/or gathered in containers, conveyors and if applicable, loaded or unloaded on impassable areas or in containers.
  • measures can be met to reduce fog or to improve runway visual rage values at least for a short time during emergencies.
  • inspection and/or control passes can be made with an anti-snow drift mode.
  • the power unit (motor drive) may be separated from the tool unit in short order. Hence, depending on the fault, the tool or the engine may be exchanged fast and easily. Moreover, during the summer months, the tools showing wear parts can be overhauled and the power unit can be used for different application fields and the profitability can be improved considerably throughout the year. In addition to that, by means of light coupling of tools for the winter S/L treatment with a power unit, the power units can be linked, leased or rent.
  • inventive procedure refers to all possible crossings on elongated runways e.g. for driving away birds and different applications as described above.
  • the power distribution of the used devices which is necessary for the treatment of the runway, is done mechanically (e.g. waves, chains, ropes, belts, straps, frames etc.), hydrostatically or electrically over the whole working width. Entire working width can be carried out by means of several parallel or side by side placed and linked modules. In addition to that, the modules can be swivel-mounted.
  • a remote control of all devices can be carried out by means of different procedures as e.g. Bluetooth, GPRS; radio, GMS, satellite communication, isobus, infrared, radar and so on.
  • procedures in longitudinal direction e.g. Bluetooth, GPRS; radio, GMS, satellite communication, isobus, infrared, radar and so on.
  • a crossing in transverse direction would be similar to an evacuation.
  • a procedure in transverse direction can be interrupted in few seconds.
  • a procedure in longitudinal direction can lead to considerable delay due to longer distances.
  • An especially advantageous alternative is the simultaneous measurement of the braking coefficients during clearing in order to be able to vary the speed in dependence upon the braking process by means of the feedback so that a clean runway is possible after the treatment.
  • a lower braking coefficient will be ascertained by which the speed will be reduced. In so doing, a better clearing quality and a higher security will be guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional clearing procedure according to state of the art.
  • FIGS. 2 to 10 show variants of an inventive clearing procedure.
  • FIGS. 11 to 17 the conventional procedure in longitudinal direction is compared with the inventive procedure in lateral direction and the integratability in the running air traffic.
  • the parallel runway in B has been closed since this morning, because of an aircraft which slided-off the runway as a result of the snow. Recovery operations may last some more days. On the one hand, there were no landing opportunity in B and on the other hand we were out of fuel. The landing at an alternate airport C with the same weather conditions was initiated. Fortunately, the approach was without delay. Contrary to expectations, the runway was completely free of ice and snow. The braking coefficient was excellent as to be expected on a merely wet runway. This solely resulted from the fact that air traffic was low and due to the accompanied use of the considerably shorter runway as a result of snowplough. The snow fall was nearly the same. It was out of question for almost all guests having connecting flights in the same evening to reach their final destination.
  • a further item on the priority list was to organize 20 tons of jet fuel/kerosene, to de-ice the long-haul jet completely my means of a basically small de-icing vehicle for short-haul jets.
  • the hold-over time timeframe after de-icing in which a secure take-off is possible
  • the present invention is solving the described problems and improving the actual state regarding contaminated runways etc. in this way, that difficulties and disturbances will be a thing of the past for pilots, airlines and airport operators.
  • the currently weakest link in the chain e.g. the insecure runway conditions in winter
  • FIG. 2 example shows how to realize the inventive procedure.
  • an aircraft 26 is waiting on the ground to cross the active runway 10 .
  • the snow-clearing vehicle(s) 22 waiting to go into action receive—alike the waiting aircraft 26 on the ground—the opening for crossing the runway 10 directly or indirectly from the tower (air controllers) after a landing aircraft 28 passed by.
  • An upper safety line 24 which is parallel to the lower safety line 30 preferentially has the same distance to runway 10 and is like the upper safety line 24 parallel to runway 10 .
  • the safety lines 24 and 30 define the distance between the snow-clearing vehicles 22 and the runway 10 as well as the distance between waiting aircrafts 26 and the runway as long as active i.e. landing or taking-off aircrafts 28 are able to pass the runway 10 .
  • the following announcement may occur via radio: “aircraft 26 and snow removal group, after landing traffic on short final cross runway 10 .” Similar to the rolling aircraft 26 , the snow removal group SRG will be confirming and responding as follows: “snow removal group, after landing traffic on short final, cross runway 10 .” Hence, all users listening to the same frequency will be informed. Suitable announcements may secure that snow-clearing vehicles will not cross the runway until the runway has been opened by means of explicit announcements.
  • FIG. 3 shows the following situation: aircraft 28 has been landed and passed the snow-clearing vehicles 22 and the waiting aircraft 26 .
  • vehicles 22 and aircraft 26 get in motion and cross runway 10 .
  • the snow-clearing vehicles 22 use their tools like snow clearing blades, ice scrapers, road sweepers, devices for shredding ice, dew or de-icing fluid spraying devices and/or dispersion devices for sand or salt.
  • FIG. 4 A further schematic representation of FIG. 4 shows a situation after snow-clearing vehicles 22 crossing runway 10 .
  • the vehicles move away from the runway to behind the safety line 30 (right) similar to the rolling aircraft or the landed aircraft, this happens during the tools being in use.
  • the entire runway could have been cleared already.
  • this example shows how to proceed with only few snow-clearing vehicles 22 .
  • the first section of the runway 10 is cleared and possibly treated with de-icing agent.
  • a further aircraft is approaching the runway 10 , further landing aircrafts (not shown) are following in short distance.
  • a further schematic representation shows the snow-clearing vehicle 22 or the snow removal group(s) 22 positioning themselves again behind the right safety line 30 in order to cross the runway 10 once again.
  • the aircrafts 22 are waiting for the landing aircraft 32 passing by.
  • the only result of this may be that the vehicles have to execute a transposition manoeuvre or a transposition manoeuvre with a displacement of distance corresponding to the length of a runway section being cleared in one operation process (refer to FIG. 7 ) depending on the angle removing from ( FIG. 6 , angle ⁇ ) or approaching ( FIG. 6 angle ⁇ ) the runway 10 .
  • the necessary parallel space behind the safety line 30 may vary.
  • the schematic representation in FIG. 7 a shows a variant with 3 snow removal groups 22 in total so that the runway can be cleared and treated completely after two aircrafts having been landed in a normal separation. This means that a complete clearing of the runway 10 could take place in less than three minutes without impeding the running air traffic.
  • the first route 34 of the first snow-clearing vehicle (not shown; description see FIG. 7 b ) runs with an additional route parallel in longitudinal direction to the runway 10 .
  • the second route 36 of a second snow-clearing vehicle (not shown; description 7 b ) runs with an additional route parallel in longitudinal direction to the runway 10 .
  • the third route 38 of a third snow-clearing vehicle (not shown; description see FIG. 7 b ) runs with an additional route parallel in longitudinal direction to runway 10 so that three snow-clearing vehicles are able to move synchronically on parallel lanes.
  • FIG. 8 describes the routes of four snow-removal groups in total, whereas groups 1 and 2 are clearing and treating one half of the runway 10 in two cycles and groups 3 and 4 are clearing and treating the other haft of the runway 10 in two cycles.
  • the rhythm is dedicated by the landing and taking-off aircrafts.
  • the snow-clearing vehicles are repeatedly able to cross the runway 10 for clearing and cleaning.
  • the more air traffic and the more snowfall and rain the more devices and groups are able to operate on more sections of the runway 10 in order to clear it within shortest time and by impeding the air traffic on the runway as low as possible.
  • FIG. 9 shows a clearing strategy.
  • Snow-clearing vehicles do not clear or treat the runway 10 in a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the runway. However, in case of sufficient working width or low snow masses, low rain etc. the snow-clearing vehicles can cover a longer distance during crossing runway 10 . In so doing, the crossing of the runway 10 is done in an acute angle to the longitudinal direction of the runway 10 . Thereby, taxiways are marked with reference number 40 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a further alternative variant of the snow-clearing procedure.
  • a single snow-clearing vehicle or a single snow-removal group may be sufficient to clear or treat a runway 10 completely during air traffic by crossing the runway a defined number of times. Afterwards, the snow-clearing vehicle can return to the beginning of the runway.
  • the average utilisation of the snow-clearing vehicles will be steered by means of a specific variation of the number of vehicles and the working width of the snow-clearing vehicles.
  • the runway can once be cleared or treated completely within 60 minutes corresponding to the number of vehicles in time to the air traffic.
  • gradually more and more vehicles or snow-removal groups will be able to “merge”. Consequently, the runway can be cleared or treated continuously and with a higher frequency without impeding the air traffic.
  • the single figures show the routes of single or several snow removal vehicles or snow removal groups being employed at the same time.
  • the characteristic feature is that the runway is not cleared or treated parallel to the runway direction but it is cleared and treated in a deviating angle.
  • FIGS. 11 to 17 show different graphic representations of clearing strategies and comparisons of an actual state (conventional clearing procedure) to measured timing when executing the inventive procedure (so called transverse procedure).
  • inventive procedure may lay in the fact that machine noises, movements of devices or special noises and measures favouring the deterrence (optically), all installed on the devices, are used to keep away animals of any kind from taking-off and landing aircrafts. Thus, the risk of bird strike will be minimized for aircrafts, their engines and measuring instruments.
  • the operating personnel of the snow-clearing vehicles is able to identify and report possible causes of risk as a result of the permanent, narrow distanced crossings, parallel during hie clearing activity and during the whole stay on the runway.
  • the invention concerns in the essentials a procedure for cleaning or treating of Runways with the following steps:
  • a cleaning unit is ready for crossing a active Runway, similar to waiting airplanes on the ground for crossing the active runway, e.g., behind a perhaps prescribed or defined security line.
  • the cleaning unit crosses the perhaps, prescribed (perhaps only virtual) security line and the Runway.
  • the cleaning unit uses tools as for example snowplow, icescratch, icecrusher, broom, brush and or de- and/or antiicing fluids, binding agent or similar, and cleans the Runway.
  • Crossing the Runway takes place with the special sign or mark, that the real movement or treating the Runway take place, not in parallel with the runway direction, but in an deviant angle of it
  • the cleaning unit moves, with dug up tools, away from the Runway behind a perhaps prescribed defined security line, mainly behind the opposite side of the runway (e.g., on the right). According to working width and number of the cleaning teams, the whole Runway could be cleaned now.
  • the cleaning unit or the team of vehicles brings itself in position once more, behind the perhaps necessary security line, for another crossing of the Runway. This can mean only one turn manoeuvre or a turn manoeuvre in combination with a distance pawning according to the length of the treated runway segment. Depending on, in which angle the units removed itself from the runway and approaches it.
  • the steps 1 to 4 are repeated so long, until the desired runwayarea have been treated completely one time and/or the desired cleaning degree on the desired runwayarea was reached. This can lead, e.g., with constant snowfalls to an endless loop or permanent repetition of the above steps.
  • a preferential variation of the procedure can intend in parallel, that the working noises, the movements of the working machines or special deterrence noises or deterrence actions, e.g., on optical way which are installed on the machines, for the fact that animals of every kind keep away from starting or landing airplanes.
  • a procedure can intend that the angle for crossing of the runway is adapted by the cleaning vehicles or cleaning units, to the relative angle of perhaps available Runway-Groofings (grooves) to the Runway and a thorough cleaning is also allowed for across grooves (Across to the land direction or start direction of airplanes).
  • the cleaning vehicles or cleaning units to the relative angle of perhaps available Runway-Groofings (grooves) to the Runway and a thorough cleaning is also allowed for across grooves (Across to the land direction or start direction of airplanes).
  • one or several leadership vehicle(s) can be followed by one or several working widths, or bring them along, and that the pawning with of a turn, conditional by the respective working width or sum of the working widths by several vehicles, which are led by a leadership vehicle with it whole (sum of) working width(s) after the turn manoeuvre for the defined or treated segment of the Runway takes place, and/or also the whole desired route, takes place in a precise manner, or is automatically followed, which precision is known in farming known as Precision Farming or automatic steering system (e.g.
  • the whole route which is necessary to treat the runway completely one time or several times (overlappings are also exactly determinable), can be driven by means of automatic steering system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
US12/523,892 2007-01-22 2008-01-22 Method for cleaning, clearing, and/or treating an elongate path Abandoned US20100005688A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007004159A DE102007004159A1 (de) 2007-01-22 2007-01-22 Verfahren zum Räumen, Reinigen oder Behandeln von Runways, sowie Verfahren zur Wiederherstellung und Aufrechterhaltung von hohen Bremskoeffizienten auf Start- bzw. Landebahnen für Flugzeuge
DE102007004159.6 2007-01-22
PCT/DE2008/000098 WO2008089732A2 (de) 2007-01-22 2008-01-22 Verfahren zum reinigen, räumen und/oder behandeln einer lang gezogenen bahn

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US (1) US20100005688A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2129835B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2676189A1 (de)
DE (2) DE102007004159A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2008089732A2 (de)

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DE102017011246A1 (de) 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Scania Cv Ab Verfahren und System zum Freiräumen einer schneebedeckten Fläche von Schnee mittels zumindest eines Pflugfahrzeugs
DE102017011247A1 (de) 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Scania Cv Ab Verfahren und System zum Steuern eines Räumvorgangs einer Kolonne von Räumfahrzeugen zum Freilegen eines schneebedeckten Bereichs
US10179982B2 (en) * 2009-04-02 2019-01-15 Hari Prasad Snow removing system
CN112109916A (zh) * 2014-04-09 2020-12-22 兰威创新有限公司 跑道布置
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US11753187B2 (en) * 2020-09-01 2023-09-12 Ge Aviation Systems Llc System and method for performing enhanced maintenance of aircraft
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WO2008089732A3 (de) 2008-10-16
DE112008000880A5 (de) 2010-01-21
EP2129835B1 (de) 2013-03-20

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