US20100001700A1 - System for voltage regulation, control protection and monitoring of state of changers under power transformer load, voltage regulators, capacitor banks and similar - Google Patents

System for voltage regulation, control protection and monitoring of state of changers under power transformer load, voltage regulators, capacitor banks and similar Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100001700A1
US20100001700A1 US12/279,597 US27959709A US2010001700A1 US 20100001700 A1 US20100001700 A1 US 20100001700A1 US 27959709 A US27959709 A US 27959709A US 2010001700 A1 US2010001700 A1 US 2010001700A1
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Prior art keywords
cdc
voltage
voltage regulation
maintenance
tap
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US12/279,597
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Eduardo Pedrosa Santos
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/147—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices with motor driven tap switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1878—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using tap changing or phase shifting transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • This Invention patent application deals with an unheard of “SYSTEM FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION, CONTROL, PROTECTION AND MONITORING OF STATE OF CHANGERS UNDER POWER TRANSFORMER LOAD, VOLTAGE REGULATORS, CAPACITOR BANKS AND SIMILAR” remarkably with a voltage regulation system, provided with innovating functions and features that enable making up for deficiencies of currently used voltage relays, by preserving unbiased treatment to consumers, residential or business irrespective of demand curve variations.
  • Power transformers and autotransformers and voltage regulators are used in an electric power generation, transmission and distribution system for power transfer, normally changing the output voltage value in relation to input.
  • its windings are equipped with taps which are connected to a CDC or OLTC (On-Load Tap Changer), which makes TAP change used with the energized transformer and with connected load, changing the coil ratio and consequently transformer output voltage.
  • the CDC In order to make the change and tap change the CDC has a motorized drive mechanism and regulated by signals received in its inputs, to raise or lower the tap.
  • transformers are equipped with a device called automatic voltage regulator relay, or voltage relay or simply relay 90, which send to the changer under load signals to lower or raise the tap position, so as to keep voltage in the load within programmed limits in relay parameterization.
  • automatic voltage regulator relay or voltage relay or simply relay 90
  • the voltage relays perform the transformer output voltage measuring through a power transformer (PT) and, the load current through a current transformer (CT). With these measurements, the voltage relay makes calculation of the voltage that actually reaches the load, by taking into consideration voltage drop in the transmission line, proportionate to the load current. Calculated voltage in load is then compared to a set of regulation parameters programmed in the voltage relay in order to determinate when there is need for change in CDC tap. Said parameters include:
  • Tolerance margin which is the allowed voltage percentage over and under rated voltage
  • Timing for CDC actuating in order to correct voltage, so as to avoid unnecessary tap change as a result of temporary voltage deviations in which actuating time can be constant—regardless of the voltage deviation magnitude in relation to programmed tolerance margin (linear timing); or inversely proportional to voltage deviation magnitude in relation to tolerance margin (inverted timing);
  • CDC tap position measurement Generally current voltage relays also have an input for making CDC tap position measurement, through a position sensor existing in it. Measured tap position is then indicated to operator who may also perform CDC command in manual manner, by blocking automatic voltage regulation commands. Based on this CDC tap position measurements, some existing voltage relays also perform CDC control in transformers electrically connected in parallel, therefore using the concept called Master-Command or Master-Follower. In this concept, one of the transformers in parallel is selected in master mode and the other in commanded mode. Every tap change performed by the master must be repeated by followers that lose their command independence to simply obey master transformer tap changes.
  • the proposed system allows selection of the voltage regulation parameter set made by dry contacts where a combination of open and closed contacts is used indicative of the parameter set that must be used in voltage regulation.
  • the claimed system allows voltage regulation parameter set selection to be made by daily and hourly programming, in addition to other temporary parameters.
  • Another innovation of the proposed system is the possibility of independent value adjustment of CDC actuation timing for conditions in which voltage is over or below allowed tolerance margins.
  • Proposed system also allows adjustment of several voltage deviation ranges, different CDC actuation times being associated with each deviation range.
  • the system also has a mass memory function (non-volatile), where measurement values made by the system are recorded obeying the interval programmed by the operator, having several innovating features.
  • the system has the function of detecting the inoperative CDC, before voltage reaches extreme values also meeting several features.
  • the system proposed herein has the innovating function of CDC maintenance assistant, with several features oriented toward statistical maintenance control of changers under load.
  • Another new system function is the “Master-Commanded-Individual” smart selection programming, when there is an operation in parallel of several transformers, and “Bank-Individual Phase” smart programming, when using banks consisting of three independent single-phase transformers, preventing several inconveniences of existing systems.
  • the proposed system has the synchronism signaling function and correct programming, which automates the tap synchronism checking process when electrically connecting transformers in parallel, which prevents human failures in this checking.
  • timing setting programming for independent CDC actuation in the event that voltage is over or below allowed tolerance margins, giving conditions for meeting the regulatory agency requirements in relation to allowed times for voltage off tolerance, at the same time as reducing to the maximum possible the number of CDC operations, reducing maintenance costs.
  • mass memory function allows the operator to choose for recording in the memory only variables he considers important, avoiding spending memory space with unnecessary variables for their application.
  • the operator may choose to record not only the variable instantaneous value, but also minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean or square variable mean values during the time interval since the last made recording. With that it becomes possible to retrieve, from data in memory, the electric system behavior (for example, maximum, minimum, average voltages, etc.) and analyze tension regulation efficiency.
  • the electric system behavior for example, maximum, minimum, average voltages, etc.
  • Voltage regulation allows parameter selection to be made by means of daily and hourly programming through an internal clock ( 8 ).
  • Said system (S) also has the non-volatile memory function ( 9 ); CDC blocking function ( 10 ) that directly acts on the motorized drive ( 11 ) of the CDC; tap position measurement ( 12 ) with inoperative CDC detection or release, CDC maintenance assistant; smart programming and correct synchronism and correct programming function ( 7 ).
  • transformers ( 1 ) are used in electric power generation, transmission and distribution, usually changing the output voltage value for load ( 13 ) in relation to input voltage ( 14 ). This is done with windings equipped with taps connected to an Onload Tap Changer (CDC) ( 15 ) that makes tap change with the energized transformer ( 1 ) and connected load.
  • CDC Onload Tap Changer
  • proposed regulation system (S) consists of a microprocessor ( 2 ) that with said voltage and current measurements ( 17 and 17 ′) provides new functions and features, making up for deficiencies of currently existing relays that make voltage regulation base on a single parameter set; unlike the applied for system (S) that allows them to be pre-programmed by a man-machine interface such as, for example a keyboard and display ( 3 ), or a serial communication ( 4 ) several settings for voltage regulation parameters, each setting being adequate for a given prevailing load condition that may be identified by the time informed by the internal clock ( 8 ).
  • the system (S) proposed herein has six or more regulation parameter sets adjustable in independent manner, each set having the
  • the voltage regulation system allows selection of the voltage regulation parameter set used in the system operation to be made by means of daily and hourly programming, consisting of the weekdays and time ranges for activating parameter set. For each parameters weekdays (Sunday through Saturday) are selected, in addition to the time range defined by start hour, minute and second, range end hour, minute and second. Within the days and time range selected for a given set it will be used for voltage regulation. In other words, based on its real-time internal clock ( 8 ) that keeps day, month, year, weekday, hour, minute and second information and based on performed daily and hourly programming the voltage regulation system makes the choice of the regulation set to be used at current time.
  • this selection can be made by dry contact input ( 5 ).
  • the combination of open and closed contacts in these inputs indicates to the voltage regulation system which parameter set must be used.
  • the combination of open and closed contacts in these inputs can be encoded in decimal manner, that is, each parameter set directly corresponds to an input contact, or can be encoded in binary manner, with the combination of input contact states forming a number corresponding to the respective parameter set.
  • the proposed voltage regulation system allows independent CDC timing and performance values to be adjusted for conditions in which voltage is over or below allowed tolerance margins, providing conditions for meeting the sector regulatory agency requirements in relation to allowed times for voltage off tolerance, at the same time as CDC operation time is reduced to the maximum possible, reducing maintenance costs.
  • Another proposed system innovation is the adjustment, in addition to the tolerance margin, of several voltage deviation ranges, it being that each deviation range is associated with different CDC operation times (for each deviation range one time setting for increasing voltage and one setting for reducing voltage).
  • Such a fact allows the operator to create a customized timing mode, in which operation time diminishes exactly as desired as voltage deviation increases, so as to exactly meet the regulatory agency requirements in relation to allowed times for voltage off tolerance, at the same time as CDC operation time is reduced to the maximum possible, reducing maintenance costs.
  • the regulation system proposed herein The system also has the mass memory function, where they are recorded in a non-volatile memory ( 9 ), obeying the interval programmed by the operator, measurement values made by the system, it being that this function has the following features:
  • Variables to be recorded can be freely chosen by the operator among all measures or calculated values by the system, such as, measured voltage in transformer, voltage in load, load current, powers, frequency, power factor, CDC tap position, etc.
  • the recording mode can be chosen among the options: instant value (measured value at recording time), arithmetic mean of measurements made since the last recording in memory, square mean of measurements made since the last recording in memory or minimum value of measurements made since the last recording in memory.
  • One and the same measurement can be selected for recording in memory in several different modes.
  • “voltage in load” variable can be selected for recording with instant value, mean value, maximum value and also minimum value.
  • the proposed voltage regulation system has the “tripped CDC blocking” function, with the following features:
  • the CDC is tripped if a change in measured CDC tap ( 12 ) occurs without the voltage regulation system having previously sent a signal ( 10 ) requesting this change, or further if the voltage regulation system issues a signal for tap change ( 10 ) and the CDC makes a change in the opposite direction to issued signal.
  • an output contact ( 6 ) can be programmed by the operator for remote signaling ( 7 ) of the occurrence;
  • a tripped CDC situation is detected, as described above, an output contact ( 10 ) is activated in the voltage regulation system.
  • This contact can be connected by the operator in order to switch off the CDC drive motor supply ( 11 ), forcing him in this manner to stop tap changes and avoid the consequences such as forced transformer switching off or damage to the load.
  • the voltage regulation system proposed herein has the “Inoperative CDC detection” function with the following features:
  • the CDC is found in normal condition if the voltage regulation system issues a signal ( 10 ) to the CDC to raise or lower tap position and after that the CDC tap position undergoes a change in the same direction of sent signal (raise or lower the tap, detected by the CDC position measurement) within the time period programmed by the operator;
  • the CDC is inoperative if the voltage regulation system issues a signal ( 10 ) to the CDC to raise or lower tap position and, after that the CDC tap position does not undergo a change within the time period programmed by the operator (the change is detected by measuring the CDC position);
  • the operator may enable or disable this function in the voltage regulation system;
  • the condition is signaled through an alarm indication in the voltage regulation system that, may also activate an output contact ( 6 ) for remote alarm indication ( 7 );
  • the alarm indication will remain active in the voltage regulation system and the alarm contact will remain activated until the operator makes a manual alarm reset informing to the system voltage regulation system that he is already aware of the problem.
  • the operator may also enable the voltage regulation system to make an automatic inoperative CDC alarm reset, the automatic reset being made as soon as new CDC tap change attempt is successively made.
  • a new function of the proposed voltage regulation system is of CDC Maintenance Assistant, with the following features:
  • Total CDC operation number count since the beginning of its operation, by measuring the CDC position ( 12 ). Every time the measured tap position changes the CDC operation counter increases the number of required operations for making referred tap change (one operation in most cases, there may also be several operations in case of CDCs with intermediate positions);
  • CDC average daily operation count made by dividing the sum of total operation number in the last X days by the number of X days, X being a time window programmable by the operator between one and three hundred and sixty five days;
  • the maintenance warning indication will remain active in the voltage regulation system and the alarm contact(s) will remain activated until the operator makes a manual warning reset, informing the voltage regulation system that maintenance has already been performed. Once the reset is made, partial operation count since the last maintenance is zeroed and warnings are switched off for maintenance.
  • the voltage regulation system takes the load current measurement ( 17 ′) at the time of the change and raises it to square. Obtained value is also added to the already existing value in another recorder, this one dedicated to the sum of partial change current since the last CDC maintenance, which is kept in the voltage regulation system non-volatile memory;
  • the maintenance warning indication remains active in the voltage regulation system and alarm contact(s) will remain activated until user makes manual warning reset, informing the voltage regulation system that maintenance has already been performed, Once this reset is made, the partial sum recorder of changed currents since the last maintenance is zeroed and maintenance warnings are switched off.
  • Proposed system also performs the “smart master-commanded-individual programming” function, with the following features:
  • Proposed system also performs the “smart bank-individual phase programming” function, with the following features:
  • Proposed system also performs the “correct synchronism and programming signaling” function, with the following features:
  • selected transformer In selected transformer is master mode it is always signaled that synchronism and programming are correct, because tap position of this transformer as taken as a reference for selected transformers as commanded and is considered correct by default.
  • the main usefulness of the above-mentioned function, with above-described features is to serve as a permission signal for closing the circuit breaker that connects the winding of each transformer in parallel with the other, allowing automating the synchronism check function before connection in parallel, which is currently done in manual manner.
  • correct synchronism and programming signaling can be made by means of a serial communication network ( 4 ) or further by activating an output contact ( 6 ) for each transformer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
US12/279,597 2006-02-02 2006-12-07 System for voltage regulation, control protection and monitoring of state of changers under power transformer load, voltage regulators, capacitor banks and similar Abandoned US20100001700A1 (en)

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US15/004,890 US10739799B2 (en) 2006-02-02 2016-01-22 Method and system for voltage regulation, control, protection and monitoring of state of on-load tap changers of power transformers, voltage regulators, and capacitor banks

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BRPI0601093-8 2006-02-17
BRPI0601093-8A BRPI0601093A (pt) 2006-02-17 2006-02-17 sistema para regulação de tensão, controle, proteção e monitoração de estado de comutadores sob carga de transformadores de potência, reguladores de tensão, bancos de capacitores e congêneres
PCT/BR2006/000265 WO2007093025A1 (fr) 2006-02-17 2006-12-07 Systeme de regulation de tension, de commande, de protection et de controle de l'etat de commutateurs sous la charge de transformateurs d'alimentation, de regulateurs de tension, de batteries de condensateurs et autres

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/BR2006/000265 A-371-Of-International WO2007093025A1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2006-12-07 Systeme de regulation de tension, de commande, de protection et de controle de l'etat de commutateurs sous la charge de transformateurs d'alimentation, de regulateurs de tension, de batteries de condensateurs et autres

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US15/004,890 Active US10739799B2 (en) 2006-02-02 2016-01-22 Method and system for voltage regulation, control, protection and monitoring of state of on-load tap changers of power transformers, voltage regulators, and capacitor banks

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CN105186535A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-23 国网吉林省电力有限公司长春供电公司 基于无功电压控制电网设备状态和无功电压的诊断平台
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US10048709B2 (en) 2016-09-19 2018-08-14 General Electric Company System and method for regulation of voltage on an electric power system
US20190369583A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2019-12-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Centralized voltage controller and centralized voltage control system
CN110929972A (zh) * 2018-09-20 2020-03-27 西门子股份公司 评估配电变压器状态的方法、装置、设备、介质和程序

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US8692537B2 (en) * 2009-07-17 2014-04-08 The Invention Science Fund I, Llc Use pairs of transformers to increase transmission line voltage
CN106550050B (zh) * 2016-12-02 2019-10-08 国网山东省电力公司武城县供电公司 一种变压器档位调节在线显示方法及系统
PL237342B1 (pl) * 2018-08-07 2021-04-06 Instytut Napedow I Masz Elektrycznych Komel Układ regulacji napięcia transformatora
PL237341B1 (pl) * 2018-08-07 2021-04-06 Instytut Napedow I Masz Elektrycznych Komel Układ regulacji napięcia transformatora

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US10739799B2 (en) 2020-08-11
US20160147237A1 (en) 2016-05-26
EP1989604A4 (fr) 2012-03-07
BRPI0601093A (pt) 2007-11-06
EP1989604A1 (fr) 2008-11-12

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