Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• Schizophrenia is characterized by complex symptomatology including positive symptoms, (i.e. delusions and hallucinations), and negative symptoms, (i.e. anhedonia, restricted fluency and productivity of thought and speech).
• cognitive impairment is the third major diagnostic category of schizophrenia, characterized by loss in working memory as well as other deficits.
• Other symptoms include aggressiveness, depression and anxiety (Stahl, S. M. (2000) Essential Psychopharmacology. Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. Cambridge University Press, second edition, Cambridge, UK).
• the different categories and the clinical features of the disorder are defined in diagnostic schemes such as DSM-IV (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4 th edition) or ICD-10 (International classification of diseases, 10 th edition).
• Dopamine a major catecholamine neurotransmitter, is involved in the regulation of a variety of functions which include emotion, cognition, motor functions, and positive reinforcement, (Purves, D. et al. (2004) Neuroscience. Sinauer, third edition, Sunderland, Mass.).
• GPCRs G protein-coupled receptors
• D 1 -D 5 five different dopamine receptors D 1 -D 5 have been identified, where the D 2 -like receptors (D 2 , D 3 and D 4 ) couple to the G-protein G ⁇ I (Missale, C. et al., (1998) Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol. Rev. 78, 189-225).
• the D 3 dopamine receptor is most highly expressed in the nucleus accumbens (Gurevich, E. V., Joyce, J. N. (1999) Distribution of dopamine D3 receptor expressing neurons in the human forebrain: comparison with D2 receptor expressing neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 20, 60-80), and is proposed to modulate the mesolimbic pathway consisting of neuronal projections from the ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and amygdala to the nucleus accumbens, which projects to the prefrontal and cingulate cortices as well as various thalamic nuclei.
• D 3 receptor antagonists are proposed to modulate psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder (Joyce, J. N. and Millan, M. J., (2005) Dopamine D3 receptor antagonists as therapeutic agents. Drug Discovery Today, 1 July, Vol. 10, No. 13, 917-25), while these antagonists spare the D 2 modulated striatal extrapyramidal system (associated with EPS induction).
• D 3 receptor antagonists spare the D 2 modulated striatal extrapyramidal system (associated with EPS induction).
• drug naive schizophrenic patients show altered levels of D 3 receptor expression (Gurevich, E. V. et al. (1997) Mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors and use of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. A postmortem study.
• the neurotransmitter serotonin is implicated in several psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia (Kandel, E. R. et al. (eds.; 2000) Principles of Neural Science, 3 rd edition Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn.).
• the involvement of serotonin in psychotic disorders is suggested by multiple studies, which include treatment in humans with the psychotropic drug Lysergic acid (LSD; a serotonin agonist) that can induce schizophrenia-like symptoms such as hallucinations (Leikin, J. B. et al. (1989) Clinical features and management of intoxication due to hallucinogenic drugs. Med. Toxicol. Adverse Drug Exp. 4, 324-350).
• Serotonin receptors in the human brain IV. Autoradiographic mapping of serotonin-2 receptors. Neuroscience 21, 123-139), and is coupled predominantly to the G-protein G ⁇ q (Roth, B. L. et al. (1998) 5-Hydroxytryptamine2-family receptors (5-hydroxytryptamine2A, 5-hydroxytryptamine2B, 5-hydroxytryptamine2C): where structure meets function. Pharmacol. Ther. 79, 231-257). Genetic linkage studies of a 5-HT 2A polymorphism to schizophrenia (Spurlock, G. et al.
• 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C/2B receptor subtypes modulate dopamine release induced in vivo by amphetamine and morphine in both the rat nucleus accumbens and striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 26, 311-324 -2002).
• 5-HT 2A receptor antagonists are proposed to be suitable for the treatment of disorders associated with dysfunctional dopaminergic systems.
• 5-HT 2A receptor antagonism has been recognized as beneficial for the treatment of psychosis (reviewed in de Angelis, L. (2002) 5-HT2A antagonists in psychiatric disorders. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 3, 106-112) and indeed is one of the defining features of so-called atypical antipsychotic drugs which are characterized by a relatively high affinity for the 5-HT 2A —relative to the D 2 receptor (Meltzer, H. Y. et al. (1989) Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin2 pKi values. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 251, 238-246).
• the present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I)
• Compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are dual modulators of the serotonin 5-HT 2a and dopamine D 3 receptors.
• the compounds of the invention have high affinity for the dopamine D 3 and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT 2A receptors and are effective in the treatment of psychotic disorders, as well as other diseases such as depression and anxiety, drug dependence, dementias and memory impairment.
• Psychotic disorders encompass a variety of diseases, which include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disease, mania, psychotic depression, and other psychoses involving paranoia and delusions.
• Aryl represents an aromatic carbocyclic group consisting of one individual ring, or one or more fused rings in which at least one ring is aromatic in nature.
• Preferred aryl groups are those having from 6 to 10 ring atoms.
• Preferred aryl group s include phenyl and naphthyl, as well as those specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• Aryloxy denotes an aryl group as defined hereinabove that is connected via an oxygen atom.
• An example of aryloxy is phenoxy.
• C 1-6 -alkyl denotes a straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl as well as those specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• Di(C 1-6 -alkyl)amino denotes a nitrogen atom substituted by two C 1-6 -alkyl groups as defined hereinabove.
• Examples of di(C 1-6 -alkyl)amino are dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, methylethylamino as well as those groups which are specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• Halo or “Halogen” denotes chlorine, iodine, fluorine and bromine.
• C 1-6 -haloalkyl denotes a C 1-6 -alkyl group as defined above which is substituted by one or more halogen atom.
• Examples of C 1-6 -haloalkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl or n-hexyl substituted by one or more Cl, F, Br or I atom(s) as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• Preferred C 1 -C 7 -haloalkyl are difluoro- or trifluoro-methyl or ethyl.
• C 1-6 -alkylsulfonyl denotes a sulfonyl group (SO 2 ) which is substituted by a C 1-6 -alkyl group as defined above.
• C 1-6 -alkoxy denotes an alkyl group as defined above that is connected via an oxygen atom.
• C 1-6 -haloalkoxy denotes a C 1-6 -alkoxy group as defined above which is substituted by one or more halogen atom.
• Examples of C 1-6 -haloalkoxy include but are not limited to methoxy or ethoxy, substituted by one or more Cl, F, Br or I atom(s) as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• Preferred C 1 -C 7 haloalkoxy are difluoro- or trifluoromethoxy or ethoxy.
• lower alkenyl denotes a straight- or branched-chain carbon group containing from 2-7, preferably from 2 -4, carbon atoms, wherein at least one bond is a double bond.
• thioalkyl denotes the group—SR wherein R is an alkyl group as defined above.
• C 3-10 -cycloalkyl denotes a monovalent saturated cyclic moiety, consisting of one, two or three carbon rings having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring members and includes but is not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and polyspiro groups such as bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl or adamantanyl as well as those groups specifically illustrated by the examples herein below.
• thiophenyl as used herein is synonymous with “thienyl” and denotes a thiophene substituent, i.e., C 4 H 4 S.
• “5 to 10 membered heteroaryl” means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic radical of 5 to 10 ring atoms having at least one aromatic ring and furthermore containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, the remaining ring atoms being C.
• Heteroaryl can optionally be substituted with one, two, three or four substituents, wherein each substituent is independently hydroxy, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, acetyl, —NHCOOC(CH 3 ) 3 or halogen substituted benzyl, or for the non aromatic part of cyclic ring also by oxo, unless otherwise specifically indicated.
• heteroaryl moieties include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted thiophenyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, optionally substituted isoxazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted pyrazinyl, optionally substituted pyrrolyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl, optionally substituted pyrimidinyl, optionally substituted pyridazinyl, optionally substituted indolyl, optionally substituted isoindolyl, optionally substituted 2,3-dihydroinidolyl, optionally substituted indazolyl, optionally substituted naphthyridinyl, optionally substituted isoquinolinyl, optionally substituted carbazol-9-yl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted benzofuranyl, optionally substituted quinolinyl, optionally substituted benzo[1,3]dioxo
• Preferred 5 to 10 membered heteroaryls are 5 or 6 membered heteroaryls.
• “4 to 10 heterocycloalkyl” means a monovalent saturated moiety, consisting of one, two or three rings, incorporating one, two, or three heteroatoms (chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur). Heterocycloalkyl can optionally be substituted with one, two, three or four substituents, wherein each substituent is independently hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminocarbonyl, or carbonylamino, unless otherwise specifically indicated.
• heterocyclic moieties include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, chromanyl, thiadiazolylidinyl, benzothiazolidinyl, benzoazolylidinyl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, dioxothiomorpholinyl thiomorpholinylsulfoxide, thiomorpholinylsulfone, dihydro
• “One or more” denotes herein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 and preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and still more preferably 1, 2 or 3.
• Oxo denotes a group ⁇ O.
• R 3 is the group
• R 8 and R 9 can form a 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-membered saturated ring, optionally comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen and nitrogen and R 10 can be a substituent on the ring formed by R 8 and R 9 .
• R 10 can be, for example, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, and C 1-6 alkoxy.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable” such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, salts, etc., means pharmacologically acceptable, generally safe, substantially non-toxic to the subject to which the particular compound is administered, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” of a compound means salts that are pharmaceutically acceptable, as defined herein, and that possess the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
• Such salts include acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxynaphtoic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, muconic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid
• “Therapeutically effective amount” means an amount that is effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.
• the present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I)
• Compounds of formula (I) can form acid addition salts with acids, such as conventional pharmaceutically acceptable acids, for example hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, salicylate, sulphate, pyruvate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, tartarate, and methanesulphonate.
• acids such as conventional pharmaceutically acceptable acids, for example hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, salicylate, sulphate, pyruvate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, tartarate, and methanesulphonate.
• acids such as conventional pharmaceutically acceptable acids, for example hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, salicylate, sulphate, pyruvate, citrate, lactate, mandelate, tartarate, and methanesulphonate.
• hydrochloride salts solvates and
• Compounds of formula (I) can have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and can exist in the form of optically pure enantiomers, mixtures of enantiomers such as, for example, racemates, optically pure diastereoisomers, mixtures of diastereoisomers, diastereoisomeric racemates or mixtures of diastereoisomeric racemates.
• the optically active forms can be obtained for example by resolution of the racemates, by asymmetric synthesis or asymmetric chromatography (chromatography with a chiral adsorbens or eluant). The invention embraces all of these forms.
• the compounds of general formula (I) in this invention can be derivatized at functional groups to provide derivatives which are capable of conversion back to the parent compound in vivo.
• Physiologically acceptable and metabolically labile derivatives, which are capable of producing the parent compounds of general formula I in vivo are also within the scope of this invention.
• Preferred compounds of formula (Ia) are the compounds wherein each X is independently fluorine or chlorine;
• Especially preferred compounds of formula (Ia) are for example the following compounds:
• Preferred compounds of formula (Ib) are the compounds wherein
• Especially preferred compounds of formula (Ib) are for example the following compounds:
• Especially preferred compounds of formula (Id′) are for example the following compounds:
• Especially preferred compounds of formula (Ie′) are for example the following compounds:
• Especially preferred compounds of formula (Ig) are for example the following compounds:
• a further aspect of the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id) (Id′), (Ie), (Ie′) and (Ig) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention provides processes for the manufacture of compounds of formula (I) as defined above.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be manufactured by the methods given below, by the methods given in the examples or by analogous methods. Appropriate reaction conditions for the individual reaction steps are known to a person skilled in the art. Starting materials are either commercially available or can be prepared by methods analogous to the methods given below, by methods described in references cited in the description or in the examples, or by methods known in the art.
• 4-(benzo-isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl trans -ethyl-cyclohexyl-amides or trans-1,4-cyclohexyl ethyl derivates of formula IA can be prepared as depicted in scheme 1 starting from 4-nitro-phenylacetic acid that was hydrogenated using raney nickel as a catalyst. The hydrogenation with nickel leads preferentially to the desired trans-isomer (according to Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1998, 41, 760-771).
• the ethyl ester can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art and described in the mentioned literature (e.g by treatment with ethanol on the presence of an acid such as HCl).
• the HCl salt can be crystallized and then the cis/trans mixture can be resolved into the pure trans amino ester chloride B.
• DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminium hydride
• Reductive amination of aldehyde C with a substituted 4-(benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidine D can be performed using methods described in the literature, by methods described herein or by methods known in the art.
• the reductive amination can take place in the presence of a solvent, like 1,2-Dichloromethane, and/or a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride, to yield intermediate E.
• a solvent like 1,2-Dichloromethane
• a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride
• dimethylformamide (DMF) or dioxane in the presence of a base (e.g. triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) to yield compounds of formula IA.
• a base e.g. triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine
• an acid chloride can also be used in the presence of a base (e.g. triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine) in a solvent, like dichloromethane.
• Some substituted 4-(benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidines of formula D can be obtained by Friedel-Crafts acylation of an adequate benzene derivative using an appropriate Lewis acid, like alumminium chloride, in the presence of 1-acetylisonipecotoyl chloride in a solvent, like dichlorobenzene, by heating to a temperature of about 70° C. as described in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1985, 28, 761-769; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1970, 13, 1-6; or U.S. Pat. No. 4,355,037.
• 4-(benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidines of formula D can be obtained starting from an appropriately substituted benzaldehyde containing a leaving group such as for example F in the ortho position (in analogy to WO02066446).
• the benzaldehyde can be converted to a dimethyl acetal with a reagent, such as trimethyl orthoformiate, in the presence a catalytic amount of an acid, such as pTsOH.
• the intermediate F can also react with a sulfonyl chloride in the present of a base, like triethylamine, to give the corresponding sulfonyl derivative of the formula IA.
• the ability of the compounds to bind to the 5-HT 2A , D 3 and D 2 receptors was determined using radioligand binding to cloned receptors selectively expressed in HEK-293 EBNA cells.
• HEK-293 EBNA cells were transiently transfected with expression plasmids encoding for the human D 2 or D 3 dopamine- or for the human 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor, respectively.
• the cells were harvested 48 h post-transfection, washed three times with cold PBS and stored at ⁇ 80° C. prior to use.
• the pellet was suspended in cold 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 10 mM EDTA (pH 7.4) and homogenized with a Polytron (Kinematica A G, Basel, Switzerland) for 20-30 sec at 12,000 rpm.
• the pellet was resuspended in cold 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4), homogenized, and centrifuged as above. This pellet was further resuspended in a smaller volume of ice cold 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4) and homogenized with a Polytron for 20-30 sec at 12,000 rpm. The protein content of this homogenate was determined with the Bio-Rad (Bradford) Protein Assay (Biorad Laboratories GmbH, Ober, Germany) according to the instructions of the manufacturer using gamma globulin as the standard. This homogenate was stored at ⁇ 80° C. in aliquots and thawed immediately prior to use.
• the binding affinity (Ki) of the compounds was determined using radioligand binding.
• Membranes were incubated in a total volume of 200 ⁇ l with a fixed concentration of radioligand (final concentration approximately 0.7 nM [ 3 H]-spiperone for D 2 , 0.5 nM [ 3 H]-spiperone for D 3 , and 1.1 nM [ 3 H]-ketanserin for 5-HT 2A ) and ten concentrations of test compound in ranging between 10 ⁇ M -0.1 nM for 1 h at RT.
• reaction mixtures were filtered on to unifilter 96-well white microplates with bonded GF/C filters (Packard BioScience, Zürich, Switzerland; preincubated for 1 h in 0.1% polyethylenimine (PEI) in assay buffer) with a Filtermate 196 harvester (Packard BioScience) and washed 3 times with cold assay buffer.
• PEI polyethylenimine
• Filtermate 196 harvester Packard BioScience
• Microscint 40 Perkin Elmer, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
• a Topcount Microplate Scintillation Counter Canberra Packard SA, Switzerland, Switzerland
• the compounds of the present invention are selective dual modulators of the serotonin 5-HT 2a and dopamine D 3 receptors as shown in the activity table hereinafter which gives the Ki values in ⁇ M for the serotonin 5-HT 2a , dopamine D 3 and dopamine D 2 receptors for some examples of the compounds of the present invention:
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of the invention, for example, compounds of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Such pharmaceutical compositions can be in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées, hard and soft gelatin capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions.
• the pharmaceutical compositions also can be in the form of suppositories or injectable solutions.
• compositions of the invention in addition to one or more compounds of the invention, contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include pharmaceutically inert, inorganic or organic carriers. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acid or its salts and the like can be used, for example, as such as carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragées and hard gelatine capsules.
• Suitable carriers for soft gelatine capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like; depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are, however, usually required in the case of soft gelatine capsules.
• Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, sucrose, invert sugar, glucose and the like.
• Adjuvants such as alcohols, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oils and the like, can be used for aqueous injection solutions of water-soluble salts of compounds of formula I, but as a rule are not necessary.
• Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.
• compositions can contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
• the present invention also provides a method for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions. Such process comprises bringing one or more compounds of formula I and/or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof and, if desired, one or more other therapeutically valuable substances into a galenical administration form together with one or more therapeutically inert carriers.
• the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be administered in a conventional manner, for example, orally, rectally, or parenterally.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be administered orally, for example, in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragées, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions, or suspensions.
• the pharmaceutical compositions also can be administered rectally, for example, in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, for example, in the form of injectable solutions.
• the compounds of the invention have high affinity for the dopamine D 3 and serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors and are expected to be effective in the treatment of psychotic disorders which include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disease, mania, psychotic depression, and other psychoses involving paranoia and delusions (Reavill-C, et al. (2000) Pharmacological actions of a novel, high-affinity, and selective human dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, SB-277011-A. JPET 294:1154-1165; Harrison, P. J. (1999) Neurochemical alterations in schizophrenia affecting the putative receptor targets of atypical antipsychotics.
• the dosage at which compounds of the invention can be administered can vary within wide limits and will, of course, be fitted to the individual requirements in each particular case.
• the effective dosage for oral or parenteral administration is between 0.01-20 mg/kg/day, with a dosage of 0.1-10 mg/kg/day being preferred for all of the indications described.
• a solution of the trans-(4-amino-cyclohexyl)-acetic acid obtained (74 g, 476 mmol) is adjusted to pH 5 with 25% HCl. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and dried under vacuum overnight. The residue was suspended in 146 mL of a 6.5N ethanolic HCl solution and 0.6 L of ethanol were added to the mixture. After 4 h refluxing, the mixture is cooled and filtered and the filtrate is concentrated to dryness under vacuum.
• Tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid (0.013 g, 0.096 mmol), 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl uronium tetrafluoroborate (0.026 g, 0.08 mmol) and (0.04 mL, 0.24 mmol) of N-ethyldiisopropylamine were stirred in 0.6 mL of DMF for 0.5 h at room temperature and Trans 4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexlamine (could be obtained as the trifluoroacetic acid salt) (trifluoro acetic acid salt) (0.030 g, 0.08 mmol) was added.
• Aluminium chloride (11, 24 g, 84 mmol) is added portionwise to 23 mL of dichlorobenzene (200 mmol).
• dichlorobenzene 200 mmol
• 8 g of 1-acetylisonipecotoyl chloride 42 mmol was added also portionwise .
• the mixture was stirred 10 minutes at room temperature and then at 90° C. for 4 hours until TLC indicated completion of the reaction that changed from a yellow/orange solution changed into dark orange upon heating. Water was added and the solution was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated.
• (4-cis/trans-Methoxy-4-methyl-cyclohexyl) acetic acid (anhydrous potassium salt) was prepared by conversion of (4-cis/trans-Methoxy-4-methyl-cyclohexyl) acetic acid methyl ester (0.157 g, 1 mmol) to the anhydrous acid salt using potassium trimethylsilanolate KO t SiMe 3 (0.202 g, 2 mmol) and stirring with 2 mL of dichloromethane overnight following Tet. Letters, 25(51), 1984, 5831-5834.
• 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane-8-methanol (2 g, 1 mmol) (commercial available or prepared as in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13(23), 6309-6323; 2005 ) is methylated using MeI (1.81 mL, 29 mmol) and NaH ( 0.813 g, 20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran to obtain after 2 hours of stirring at room temperature 1.4 g ( 7.8 mmol) of the desired compound.
• 4-Methoxymethyl-cyclohexanone was obtained by treatment of 8-Methoxymethyl-1,4-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decane (1.45 g, 8 mmol) with HCl 1N ( 15.6 mL, 16 mmol) in acetone (35 mL). Acetone was removed and the product was extracted with dichloromethane.
• the crude 4-Methoxymethyl-cyclohexanone was solved in 1 mL of dimethoxyethane and added into a mixture previously prepared by adding n-BuLi (3,54 mL, 6 mmol) to methyl diethylphosphonoacetate ((1.03 g, 5 mmol) in DME by stirring for 10 minutes at 0° C. After 2 hours TLC indicated formation of the (4-Methoxymethyl-cyclohexylidene)-acetic acid methyl ester (0.552 g, 2.7 mmol). MS (m/e): 199.1 (M+H
• Propane-1,-3-diol (2.45 ml, 36 mmol) was dissolved in 100 ml THF and cooled to 0-5° C.
• Sodium hydride (1.43 g, 40 mmol, 55%) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 15 minutes at 0-5 ° C.
• Propyonic acid methyl ester (2.97 ml, 36 mmol) dissolved in 10 ml THF was added drop wise and stirred for 3 hours at 0-5° C.
• the reaction mixture was quenched with 2N HCl-solution and extracted two times with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated.
• the crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (dichloromethane). The desired compound was obtained as a colourless liquid (2.96 g, 52%).
• Step 2 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-2-[1,3]dioxan-2-yl-acetamide
• Step 1 [1,3]Dioxan-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester (130 mg, 0.81 mmol) (Step 1) was dissolved in ml THF, 1 ml methanol and 1 ml water. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (102 mg, 2.43 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred for 16 hours at room temperature. The organic solvent was evaporated and the aqueous mixture was acidified with 2N HCl to pH 1.
• the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO 3 -solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extract was washed with brine, dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated.
• the title compound can be prepared in accordance with literature described in the patent WO02066446 (Example 46 and 48) by using 5-chloro-2-fluorobenzaldehyde as starting material.
• Step 2 Trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5-Chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
• Step 3 Trans-4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5-Chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl-cyclohexyamine hydrochloride
• Step 4 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5-Chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-acetamide
• Step 1 Trans-4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5-Fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyamine hydrochloride
• Step 2 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5-Fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-methanesulfonamide
• Step 1 Trans-4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Chloro-5-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexylamine hydrochloride
• Step 2 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Chloro-5-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-3-methoxy-propionamide
• Step 1 Trans-4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5,6-Difluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexylamine hydrochloride
• Step 2 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(5,6-Difluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-2-methoxy-acetamide
• Step 1 Trans-4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Methyl-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexylamine hydrochloride
• Step 2 N-trans-(4- ⁇ 2-[4-(6-Methyl-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl ⁇ -cyclohexyl)-acetamide
• Film coated tablets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a conventional manner:
• Kernel Compound of formula (I) 10.0 mg 200.0 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 23.5 mg 43.5 mg Lactose hydrous 60.0 mg 70.0 mg Povidone K30 12.5 mg 15.0 mg Sodium starch glycolate 12.5 mg 17.0 mg Magnesium stearate 1.5 mg 4.5 mg (Kernel Weight) 120.0 mg 350.0 mg Film Coat: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 3.5 mg 7.0 mg Polyethylene glycol 6000 0.8 mg 1.6 mg Talc 1.3 mg 2.6 mg Iron oxide (yellow) 0.8 mg 1.6 mg Titanium dioxide 0.8 mg 1.6 mg
• the active ingredient can be sieved and mixed with microcrystalline cellulose, and the mixture can be granulated with a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water.
• the granulate can be mixed with sodium starch glycolate and magnesiumstearate and compressed to yield kernels of 120 or 350 mg respectively.
• the kernels then can be lacquered with an aqueous solution/suspension of the above mentioned film coat.
• Capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a conventional manner:
• the components can be sieved and mixed and filled into capsules of size 2.
• Injection solutions can have the following composition:
• Soft gelatin capsules containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a conventional manner:
• Capsule contents Compound of formula (I) 5.0 mg Yellow wax 8.0 mg Hydrogenated Soya bean oil 8.0 mg Partially hydrogenated plant oils 34.0 mg Soya bean oil 110.0 mg Weight of capsule contents 165.0 mg Gelatin capsule Gelatin 75.0 mg Glycerol 85% 32.0 mg Karion 83 8.0 mg (dry matter) Titanium dioxide 0.4 mg Iron oxide yellow 1.1 mg
• the active ingredient can be dissolved in a warm melting of the other ingredients, and the mixture can be filled into soft gelatin capsules of appropriate size.
• the filled soft gelatin capsules then can be treated according to the usual procedures.
• Sachets containing the following ingredients can be manufactured in a conventional manner:
• the active ingredient can be mixed with lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and granulated with a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water.
• the granulate can be mixed with magnesium stearate and the flavoring additives and be filled into sachets.

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• 2008
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