US20080264979A1 - Dispensing valve and a container for holding fluid provided with such a dispensing valve - Google Patents

Dispensing valve and a container for holding fluid provided with such a dispensing valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080264979A1
US20080264979A1 US12/031,064 US3106408A US2008264979A1 US 20080264979 A1 US20080264979 A1 US 20080264979A1 US 3106408 A US3106408 A US 3106408A US 2008264979 A1 US2008264979 A1 US 2008264979A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dispensing valve
central member
container
dispensing
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/031,064
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Lodewijk Johannes Nijland
Niels SCHOLTEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVESTO Tech BV
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AVESTO Tech BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVESTO Tech BV filed Critical AVESTO Tech BV
Assigned to AVESTO TECH B.V. reassignment AVESTO TECH B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NIJLAND, PETER LODEWIJK JOHANNES, SCHOLTEN, NIELS
Publication of US20080264979A1 publication Critical patent/US20080264979A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/20—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge
    • B65D47/2018—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure
    • B65D47/2031—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure the element being formed by a slit, narrow opening or constrictable spout, the size of the outlet passage being able to be varied by increasing or decreasing the pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/14—Check valves with flexible valve members
    • F16K15/144—Check valves with flexible valve members the closure elements being fixed along all or a part of their periphery
    • F16K15/147—Check valves with flexible valve members the closure elements being fixed along all or a part of their periphery the closure elements having specially formed slits or being of an elongated easily collapsible form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dispensing valve.
  • Dispensing valves are commonly used for dispensing fluid from a container. Upon application of pressure to the fluid in the container the valve deforms such that it assumes its open or dispensing position and allows fluid to be dispensed from the container. Once the pressure is lifted, the valve automatically retracts to its closed position sealing the container off.
  • Dispensing valves improve the ease of use of fluid containers by allowing small quantities of fluid to be dispensed at a time, while leaving the dispensing opening of the container clean of fluid after use. In the closed position dispensing valves provide a reliable seal under all circumstances.
  • fluids are suitable for use in a wide variety of containers or packages for dispensing all sorts of fluids.
  • fluid is used herein to denote any product or medium capable of flowing.
  • a non-limiting list of examples of fluids includes among others: beverages, food condiments, hygienic products.
  • the dispensing valve for dispensing fluid from a container comprises a central member provided with a flexible membrane having at least one slit; a flange surrounding the central member for attaching the valve to the container, and connecting means for connecting the central member to the flange, which connecting means comprise a material hinge, wherein the valve is deformable from a closed position to a dispensing position upon application of pressure to the fluid in the container.
  • Such a dispensing valve is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,577.
  • the known dispensing valve is a self-closing valve wherein the connecting means comprise a connecting wall having a first area forming an annular section extending in the same plane as the flange or parallel to the flange.
  • the connecting wall further has a second area extending upwardly in curved fashion at an obtuse angle, i.e. away from the container interior when the valve is affixed to the container.
  • a transition zone of the connecting wall near the membrane is configured in hinge-like manner.
  • One disadvantage of the known dispensing valve is that it has rather complex connecting means with relatively large dimensions for connecting the central member to the flange.
  • a dispensing valve characterized in that, the central member is further provided with a support for the flexible membrane, which support is more rigid than the flexible membrane and extends towards the container interior in the secured position of the dispensing valve, wherein the material hinge directly couples the support to the flange.
  • the connecting means are simple and reliable as they are formed by the hinge alone.
  • the hinge takes up a minimal amount of space as it directly couples the support to the flange.
  • this leaves more room for the flexible membrane that may have larger radial dimensions.
  • the support is more rigid than the flexible membrane, it cooperates effectively with the hinge to deform the flexible membrane to the desired dispensing position.
  • the membrane is positioned inside the container interior and will remain there even when it deforms to the dispensing position.
  • the material hinge on the one side is located at the upper part of the flange and on the other side at the lower part of the support.
  • the support now forms a pedestal for the flexible membrane.
  • the material hinge on the one side is located at the inner upper edge of the flange and on the other side at the outer lower edge of the support.
  • a second material hinge is arranged on the central member.
  • the second material hinge improves the functioning of the dispensing valve according to the invention. Initially, once the pressure is raised in the container, the second hinge assists in maintaining the shape of the central member, since it forms a weak point that deforms first under stress. Once the pressure is raised to a maximum value and the breaking point of the valve is reached, it will facilitate the sudden opening of the slit.
  • the second material hinge is located adjacent the support.
  • a first groove is arranged on the central member for forming the second material hinge.
  • a third material hinge is arranged on the central member between the second material hinge and the center of the flexible membrane.
  • This third hinge will enhance the effect of the second hinge.
  • the third material hinge is arranged in the vicinity of the slit.
  • a further groove is arranged on the central member for forming the third material hinge.
  • the support is thicker than the flexible membrane.
  • the support is more rigid in order to maintain a rather stable form, whereas the membrane is more flexible.
  • the invention also relates to a container for holding fluid, provided with a dispensing valve according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows a longitudinal cross section container provided with a preferred embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention
  • FIG. 1B shows an enlarged view of part of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention in closed position
  • FIG. 2B shows the dispensing valve of FIG. 2A in open position
  • FIG. 2C shows a top view of the dispensing valve of FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 2D shows a top view of the dispensing valve of FIG. 2B :
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention in closed position
  • FIG. 3B shows the dispensing valve of FIG. 3A in open position
  • FIG. 3C shows a variant of the second embodiment of FIG. 3A ;
  • FIG. 3D shows the variant of FIG. 3C in open position
  • FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention in closed position
  • FIG. 4B shows the dispensing valve of FIG. 4A in open position.
  • FIG. 1A schematically shows a longitudinal cross section of a container 100 provided with a preferred embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1B shows an enlarged view of part of the container 100 of FIG. 1A .
  • the container and the dispensing valve are shown in the dispensing orientation.
  • the direction of fluid flow is indicated by arrow F.
  • the terms “upper” or “lower” are used throughout this description they refer to the dispensing orientation.
  • Container 100 comprises a body 110 onto which a cap 120 is attached.
  • Cap 120 is provided with a preferred embodiment 2 of the dispensing valve.
  • the preferred embodiment shown is the second embodiment 2 which will be described in detail below referring to FIG. 3A .
  • Dispensing valve 2 comprises a central member 20 that is surrounded by a flange 40 for securing the valve in the container cap.
  • the flange 40 is arranged to be assembled in a snap fit manner. Thereto the flange 40 is provided with a raised edge 41 for a snap fit engagement into a space with matching dimensions present in the interior of the cap of the container. Said space is formed between the lower edge of the cap 121 and inner support 122 .
  • FIG. 2A shows cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a dispensing valve 1 according to the invention in closed position.
  • FIG. 2B shows the dispensing valve 1 in open position.
  • Dispensing valve 1 comprises a central member 10 that is provided with a flexible membrane 12 having at least one slit 13 .
  • a flange 40 surrounds the central member 10 for securing the valve 1 to a container (see FIGS. 1A and 1B ) and is connected to the central member 10 by means of a material hinge 15 .
  • a support 16 for the flexible membrane 12 forms part of the central member 10 .
  • the support 16 In the secured position of the dispensing valve the support 16 is arranged such that it extends inwardly into the container. In the first embodiment shown the support 16 in the closed position extends substantially parallel to the inner wall of the container.
  • the material hinge 15 directly couples the support 16 to the flange 40 .
  • the material hinge 15 is located at the upper part of the flange 40 , preferably at the inner edge thereof. On the other side the material hinge 15 is located at the lower part of the support 16 , preferably at the outer edge thereof.
  • the material hinge is formed by a substantially thinner part of the dispensing valve allowing the movement of the central member relative to the flange.
  • the dimensions of the material hinge are preferably relatively small compared to those of the flange and the central member.
  • the central member 10 has a radially outwardly increasing thickness.
  • the support 16 is thicker than the flexible membrane 12 .
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the central member are essentially flat.
  • the corresponding tangent lines are converging under sharp angles.
  • An angle A is defined between the tangent line of the top surface of the flexible membrane 12 and the tangent line of the top surface of the support 16 .
  • An angle B is defined between the tangent line of the top surface of the flexible membrane 12 and the tangent line of the bottom surface of the support 16 . Angle A differs from angle B.
  • An angle C is defined between the tangent line of the top surface of the flexible membrane 12 and the tangent line of the bottom surface of the flexible membrane 12 . Angle C may differ from angle B.
  • the central member 10 deforms to its dispensing position shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the support 16 is pushed outward and the slit 13 opens automatically.
  • FIG. 2C shows a top view of the dispensing valve 1 in closed position
  • FIG. 2D shows a top view of the dispensing valve in open position.
  • the shape of the dispensing valve preferably is generally round.
  • the outer shape of the flange and the central member are generally cylindrical.
  • the shape of the material hinge is in conformity therewith.
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view of a dispensing valve 20 , which is a second embodiment according to the invention, in closed position.
  • FIG. 3B shows the dispensing valve 20 in open position.
  • Dispensing valve 2 is largely similar to dispensing valve 1 described above. All reference numerals in FIGS. 3A and 3B are incremented with 10 when compared to the reference numerals of FIGS. 2A and 2B denoting equal parts.
  • dispensing valve 2 is provided with a second material hinge 21 located on the central member 20 adjacent the support 26 , between the support 26 and the slit 23 .
  • a first groove 24 is arranged for forming the second material hinge 21 .
  • the shape of the groove 24 will be in conformance with the outer circumference of the central member of the valve.
  • the groove 24 is annular shaped.
  • the support 26 is divided into two segments, 26 A and 26 B that are coupled by the material hinge 21 .
  • FIG. 3C shows a variant of the second embodiment of FIG. 3A , wherein the groove 24 is located at the top surface of the central member 20 .
  • the central member 20 deforms to its dispensing position shown in FIG. 3B , respectively 3 D.
  • the support 26 is then pushed outward and in both embodiments the groove 24 narrows. Once the break through point is reached, the slit 23 opens automatically.
  • FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a dispensing valve according to the invention in closed position.
  • FIG. 4B shows the dispensing valve of FIG. 4A in open position.
  • Dispensing valve 3 is largely similar to dispensing valve 2 described above. All reference numerals in FIGS. 4A and 4B are incremented with 10 when compared to the reference numerals of FIGS. 3A and 3B denoting equal parts.
  • dispensing valve 3 is provided with a third material hinge 37 arranged on the central member 30 between the second material hinge 34 and the center of the flexible membrane 32 .
  • the hinge 37 lies on the flexible membrane 32 and runs through the slit 33 .
  • a further groove 38 is arranged for forming the third material hinge 37 .
  • the shape of the groove 38 will be in conformance with the outer circumference of the central member of the valve.
  • the groove 38 is annular shaped.
  • the central member 30 deforms to its dispensing position shown in FIG. 4B .
  • the support 36 is then pushed outward and in both embodiments the grooves 34 and 38 narrow. Once the break through point is reached, the slit 33 opens automatically.
  • the radially outwardly increasing thickness makes the central member less susceptible to inverting. This is a very important characteristic as an inverted shape remaining after pressure relieve renders the dispensing valve useless. As a direct result of the increasing thickness any deformation of the central member will cause stress in the resilient central member which will force the central member to always return to its original shape when the pressure is relieved.
  • the invention is based on the inventive thought of providing a dispensing valve with a hingeable support having a double function: firstly it acts as an arm movable due to the hinge construction and secondly it acts as a pedestal for the membrane.
  • the dispensing valve or at least the central member thereof according to the invention is made of a suitable elastomeric material, such as thermo set or thermoplastic rubber.
  • the thickness of the support is chosen larger than the thickness of the membrane. Consequently the support is more rigid in order to maintain a rather stable form, whereas the membrane is more flexible.
  • the material of the flange may be reinforced to facilitate the assembly of the valve in the cap of the container.
  • the dispensing valve according to the invention is preferably universally suitable and can be manufactured in a range of sizes.
  • the dispensing valve is designed for cost effective production thus facilitating the use as a disposable article.
  • dispensing valve has been described in the context of a fluid dispensing container the invention is not limited thereto.
  • a person skilled in the art will have no difficulty making small changes to the dispensing valve, such as scaling it up, in order to render it suitable for a particular intended use outside this field.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
US12/031,064 2007-02-14 2008-02-14 Dispensing valve and a container for holding fluid provided with such a dispensing valve Abandoned US20080264979A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07102328A EP1958883B8 (de) 2007-02-14 2007-02-14 Abgabeventil und damit ausgestatteter Behälter zum Aufnehmen einer Flüssigkeit
NLEP07102328 2007-02-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080264979A1 true US20080264979A1 (en) 2008-10-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/031,064 Abandoned US20080264979A1 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-02-14 Dispensing valve and a container for holding fluid provided with such a dispensing valve

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20080264979A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1958883B8 (de)
AT (1) ATE456519T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007004566D1 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080237271A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Liquid Molding Systems, Inc. Dispensing valve with improved dispensing
USD720622S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-01-06 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle with cap
WO2015061454A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Ecolab Usa Inc. Single piece three-way elastomeric valve
US9060592B2 (en) 2012-11-28 2015-06-23 Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. Water bottle with poppet valve
USD738732S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-09-15 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle with cap
USD808013S1 (en) 2016-10-27 2018-01-16 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Catheter
JP2018127234A (ja) * 2017-02-07 2018-08-16 シロウマサイエンス株式会社 弁、及びその弁を使用する弁セット
US10442584B2 (en) * 2015-02-03 2019-10-15 Weener Plastics Netherlands B.V. Dispensing closure with self-closing valve
US10472140B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2019-11-12 Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. Water bottle with self-closing valve
US20200095050A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Phoenix Closures, Inc. Dispensing closure system with slitted liner
US10675440B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2020-06-09 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Closed system catheter
US12048541B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2024-07-30 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Blood sequestration device and method

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1392987B1 (it) * 2009-02-12 2012-04-02 Cps Color Equipment Spa Valvola di dosaggio antigocciolamento
EP2405164A1 (de) 2010-07-08 2012-01-11 Anheuser-Bush Inbev NV Elastischer Verschluss für druckbetriebene Ausgabebehälter
DE102013221706A1 (de) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur dosierten Abgabe von flüssigen Inhaltsstoffen aus einem Schlauchbeutel sowie Mittel zur Ausübung des Verfahrens
DE102019110074B4 (de) 2019-04-16 2022-01-13 Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co. KG Dosiereinheit zur Dosierung von Fluiden, Dosierstation, Dosierspitze für eine Dosiereinheit und Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Fluids

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5839614A (en) * 1991-12-06 1998-11-24 Aptar Group, Inc. Dispensing package
US6095381A (en) * 1995-09-05 2000-08-01 Zeller Plastik Gmbh Self-closing seal with a sealing membrane
US6273305B1 (en) * 1997-08-21 2001-08-14 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Valves for packaging containers
US6726063B2 (en) * 2002-04-04 2004-04-27 Stull Technologies Self-cleaning shape memory retaining valve
US6749092B2 (en) * 2001-08-10 2004-06-15 Seaquist Closures Foreign, Inc. Deformable dispensing valve
US20040262338A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Lee Chung Kee Dispensing closure with automatic sealing valve of single body
US6971558B2 (en) * 2000-07-24 2005-12-06 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Energizing ring for a closure membrane
US20060049208A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-09 Daansen Warren S Slit valves and dispensing nozzles employing same
US7699193B2 (en) * 1999-07-29 2010-04-20 Weener Plastik Gmbh & Co., Kg Self-closing valve

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US3736953A (en) * 1971-11-30 1973-06-05 Sarns Inc Low pressure check valve
FR2750676B1 (fr) * 1996-07-03 1998-10-16 Oreal Tete de distribution de produit de consistance liquide a visqueuse comportant un organe elastique de fermeture et ensemble de distribution ainsi equipe

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5839614A (en) * 1991-12-06 1998-11-24 Aptar Group, Inc. Dispensing package
US6427874B2 (en) * 1991-12-06 2002-08-06 Seaquist Closures Foreign, Inc. Dispensing valve
US6095381A (en) * 1995-09-05 2000-08-01 Zeller Plastik Gmbh Self-closing seal with a sealing membrane
US6273305B1 (en) * 1997-08-21 2001-08-14 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Valves for packaging containers
US7699193B2 (en) * 1999-07-29 2010-04-20 Weener Plastik Gmbh & Co., Kg Self-closing valve
US6971558B2 (en) * 2000-07-24 2005-12-06 Crown Cork & Seal Technologies Corporation Energizing ring for a closure membrane
US6749092B2 (en) * 2001-08-10 2004-06-15 Seaquist Closures Foreign, Inc. Deformable dispensing valve
US6726063B2 (en) * 2002-04-04 2004-04-27 Stull Technologies Self-cleaning shape memory retaining valve
US20040262338A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Lee Chung Kee Dispensing closure with automatic sealing valve of single body
US7128245B2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2006-10-31 Chong Woo Co., Ltd Dispensing closure with automatic sealing valve of single body
US20060049208A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-03-09 Daansen Warren S Slit valves and dispensing nozzles employing same

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8397956B2 (en) * 2007-03-27 2013-03-19 Aptargroup, Inc. Dispensing valve with improved dispensing
US20080237271A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Liquid Molding Systems, Inc. Dispensing valve with improved dispensing
USD720622S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-01-06 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle with cap
USD738732S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2015-09-15 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle with cap
USD932902S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2021-10-12 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle with cap
USD817175S1 (en) 2011-11-30 2018-05-08 Tc Heartland Llc Bottle and cap
US9060592B2 (en) 2012-11-28 2015-06-23 Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. Water bottle with poppet valve
WO2015061454A1 (en) * 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Ecolab Usa Inc. Single piece three-way elastomeric valve
US10472140B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2019-11-12 Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. Water bottle with self-closing valve
US10442584B2 (en) * 2015-02-03 2019-10-15 Weener Plastics Netherlands B.V. Dispensing closure with self-closing valve
US10675440B2 (en) 2016-02-18 2020-06-09 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Closed system catheter
USD893711S1 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-08-18 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Catheter assembly
USD808013S1 (en) 2016-10-27 2018-01-16 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Catheter
JP2018127234A (ja) * 2017-02-07 2018-08-16 シロウマサイエンス株式会社 弁、及びその弁を使用する弁セット
US12048541B2 (en) 2018-06-08 2024-07-30 Smiths Medical Asd, Inc. Blood sequestration device and method
US20200095050A1 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-26 Phoenix Closures, Inc. Dispensing closure system with slitted liner
US10676268B2 (en) * 2018-09-26 2020-06-09 Phoenix Closures, Inc. Dispensing closure system with slitted liner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1958883B8 (de) 2010-04-14
ATE456519T1 (de) 2010-02-15
DE602007004566D1 (de) 2010-03-18
EP1958883B1 (de) 2010-01-27
EP1958883A1 (de) 2008-08-20

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AS Assignment

Owner name: AVESTO TECH B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NIJLAND, PETER LODEWIJK JOHANNES;SCHOLTEN, NIELS;REEL/FRAME:021239/0183

Effective date: 20080320

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION