US20080203179A1 - Hot water and heating system operating on the basis of renewable energy carriers - Google Patents

Hot water and heating system operating on the basis of renewable energy carriers Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080203179A1
US20080203179A1 US12/032,803 US3280308A US2008203179A1 US 20080203179 A1 US20080203179 A1 US 20080203179A1 US 3280308 A US3280308 A US 3280308A US 2008203179 A1 US2008203179 A1 US 2008203179A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
water
hot water
heating system
energy heat
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Abandoned
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US12/032,803
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English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Berger
Ingram Eusch
Thomas Kreiner
Erwin Stricker
Reinhard Pavicsics
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Kioto Clear Energy AG
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Kioto Clear Energy AG
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Application filed by Kioto Clear Energy AG filed Critical Kioto Clear Energy AG
Assigned to KIOTO CLEAR ENERGY AG reassignment KIOTO CLEAR ENERGY AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STRICKER, ERWIN, PAVICSICS, REINHARD, BERGER, ERWIN, EUSCH, INGRAM, KREINER, THOMAS
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Publication of US20080203179A1 publication Critical patent/US20080203179A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1078—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump and solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
    • F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot water and heating system, which operates on the basis of renewable energy carriers.
  • the system can be subdivided into various system circuits.
  • a so-called brine circuit takes care, for example, of the heating of a carrier medium such as glycol by a solar collector. If sufficient primary energy (sun) is available, the brine can be heated to temperatures of 60°, 100° or more degrees Celsius and transferred directly to water via a heat exchanger.
  • the brine circuit can be routed via the evaporator part of a heat pump, where the brine can be cooled down for example by 5°-10° C.
  • a refrigerant, which circulates in the heat pump, is used furthermore to heat water, which can be stored in an insulated vessel.
  • the brine circuit, refrigerant circuit and water circuit are thus linked according to the invention.
  • the system comprises so-called primary energy heat exchangers (PHEs). These include said solar collectors, air heat exchangers or geothermal heat probes in any number and combination. Using these PHEs, primary energy such as solar energy is transferred to a heat carrier medium, termed brine below (for example glycol).
  • brine for example glycol
  • the system comprises a heat pump, which consists at least of an evaporator part, a compressor, a condenser part and an expansion device, wherein the heat pump has a refrigerant, such as CO 2 or ammonia, flowing through it.
  • a heat pump which consists at least of an evaporator part, a compressor, a condenser part and an expansion device, wherein the heat pump has a refrigerant, such as CO 2 or ammonia, flowing through it.
  • the evaporator part of the heat pump can be formed by a heat exchanger. This is described as a secondary energy heat exchanger (SHE), because in the SHE the heat is transferred from the brine already heated in the PHE to the refrigerant or vice-versa.
  • SHE secondary energy heat exchanger
  • a SHE can also be a heat exchanger that facilitates a heat transfer from the brine to water.
  • the condenser part of the heat pump forms a tertiary energy heat exchanger (THE) in this terminology, as in a third stage heat is transferred from the refrigerant to water.
  • TEE tertiary energy heat exchanger
  • the system also includes a so-called buffer tank, which is used for layered storage of water for at least one closed water circuit. Since hot water is lighter than cold water, a temperature gradient from top to bottom results in the buffer tank. Due to intermediate floors, so-called layer or layers plates, different sections (temperature zones) can be delimited from one another, wherein fluidic connections between the sections are permitted.
  • the system is connectable to at least one high-temperature heating circuit (in particular for radiators).
  • water with a flow temperature of 50°-90° C. for example, can be taken from the buffer tank.
  • a heating circuit for low temperatures can likewise be connected, for example for floor heating systems, which operate at flow temperatures of 20°-60° C., for example.
  • the hot water of the buffer tank can likewise be used for heating fresh water, for example via an interconnected heat exchanger.
  • the buffer tank has corresponding supply and removal lines for the circulation water for this purpose.
  • the water supplied to the buffer tank can be routed into the appropriate temperature zone according to its temperature.
  • At least one section (one temperature zone) of the buffer tank can have a supplementary heating system, in order if necessary to be able to heat water in the buffer tank independently of the PHEs.
  • the supplementary heating can be realized for example by way of a conventional heating system using fossil fuels. An electric supplementary heating system is likewise possible.
  • heat exchangers especially plate heat exchangers, are suitable as SHEs or THEs.
  • the individual system components in particular inside the functional system circuits (brine circuit, refrigerant circuit, water circuit), can be connected via suitable multiway valves, which can also be mixing valves, individually or in groups, if applicable also all at the same time.
  • the invention relates in its most general embodiment to a hot water and heating system, which operates on the basis of renewable energy carriers and has the following features:
  • At least one primary energy heat exchanger from the group:
  • each primary energy heat exchanger has at least one supply line used to transport a cooled brine and at least one return line used to transport the heated brine,
  • the return lines of the primary energy heat exchangers are directly or indirectly connectable fluidically to following heat exchangers:
  • an evaporator of a heat pump which evaporator is formed as a secondary energy heat exchanger, for transferring heat from the brine to a refrigerant
  • condenser of the heat pump which condenser is formed as a tertiary energy heat exchanger, for transferring heat from the refrigerant to water
  • the water flowing through at least one secondary or tertiary energy heat exchanger is transportable from a buffer tank into the respective heat exchanger and from there directly or indirectly back into the buffer tank,
  • At least one heat exchanger for transfer to a fresh water circuit.
  • the term “autarkic secondary energy heat exchanger” describes a heat exchanger that is not part of the heat pump and thus not part of the refrigerant circuit.
  • the design of all heat exchangers is optional as far as possible according to the invention.
  • the heat exchangers can operate in co-current flow or in counter current flow.
  • the heat exchangers can be tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, spiral heat exchangers and/or rotary heat exchangers, for example.
  • the buffer tank is used to store the heated water, but also to return cooled water, for example from the heating circuit. Different temperature zones are formed in the buffer tank. The inflow of cold water will accordingly take place at the bottom and the extraction of hot water for radiators at the top in the buffer tank vessel.
  • an embodiment of the invention provides for all return lines of the primary energy heat exchangers to be routed via a multiway valve. It is then possible to set via this valve, for example, whether the brine flow coming from the air heat exchanger is routed exclusively to the evaporator of the heat pump or whether this brine flow is conducted via the solar collector beforehand, for example.
  • the return line of a primary energy heat exchanger is connected fluidically to a supply line of another primary heat exchanger.
  • This connection can take place in said multiway valve.
  • the invention For charging the system in particular, for example for filling the brine circuit with glycol, the invention provides for all primary energy heat exchangers and secondary heat exchangers located in the system and through which the brine can flow, including supply and return lines, to be connected simultaneously fluidically, for example via said multiway valve.
  • all secondary energy heat exchangers and tertiary energy heat exchangers located in the system and through which the refrigerant can flow can be connected together fluidically.
  • the buffer tank is part of a closed water circuit, from which at least one water line can run to at least one high-temperature heating circuit (for example to heat radiators) and/or from a section lying below this at least one water line can run to at least one low-temperature heating circuit (for example to a floor heating system).
  • at least one water line can run to at least one high-temperature heating circuit (for example to heat radiators) and/or from a section lying below this at least one water line can run to at least one low-temperature heating circuit (for example to a floor heating system).
  • the temperature of the return water from the high-temperature heating circuit is greater than the return temperature of the water used to heat a floor heating system, the latter is returned to the buffer tank at a point which lies below the area into which the return line from the high-temperature heating circuit discharges.
  • FIG. 1 a flow chart of a hot water and heating system according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 a )- f ) various system states.
  • the reference sign 10 characterizes a group of solar collectors, and the reference sign 12 a group of air heat exchangers. Glycol flows through both as a heat carrier medium, wherein supply and removal lines 10 a , 10 b for the solar collectors 10 and 12 a , 12 b for the air heat exchangers 12 are connected to a multiway valve 14 .
  • a line 16 a runs to a plate heat exchanger 18 ; the corresponding return line is identified as 16 b .
  • a line 20 a runs from the multiway valve 14 to a plate heat exchanger 22 .
  • the corresponding return line 20 b discharges into the valve 14 .
  • the plate heat exchanger 22 is part of a heat pump, the related compressor of which is designated 26 , the two-stage condenser of which is designated 28 and the expansion valve of which is designated 30 .
  • the flow paths inside the heat pump are indicated by arrows.
  • the first stage 28 a of the condenser 28 is formed by a plate heat exchanger, like the second stage 28 b . Both have water flowing through them in a counter current flow, the water being pumped (pump 36 ) from a buffer tank 34 via a line 32 . Inside the condenser part 28 a , partial flows of the heated water can be led away, which is symbolized by the reference signs 32 a , 32 b , wherein these lines discharge into a mixing valve 38 . In the mixing valve 38 , the water flows entering via the lines 32 a , 32 b at differing temperature are fed directly or following mixing via outlet lines 40 a , 40 b , 40 c , depending on temperature, into different zones of the buffer tank 34 .
  • the volume of the buffer tank 34 is divided by intermediate floors 42 , 44 into zones, which are connected fluidically (at the edge). Accordingly the water with the highest temperature, for example 60°-90°, is at the top, in chamber 46 , below this (between 42 and 44 ) is a storage chamber for water of medium temperature of 30°-60° for example (chamber 48 ) and finally below the intermediate floor 44 is a cold water chamber 50 .
  • a hot water line 52 a runs to a spiral heat exchanger 54 working in counter current flow.
  • the return line into the chamber 50 of the plate storage device 34 bears the FIG. 52 b .
  • the fresh water flows carried through in the heat exchanger 54 are identified by 56 a , 56 b.
  • a line 58 a runs to a first heating circuit 60 , to which radiators (not shown) are connected.
  • the return line has the reference sign 58 b.
  • a second heating circuit 62 for a low-temperature floor heating system is coupled to a supply line 64 a and a return line 64 b .
  • the supply line runs from the middle part of the chamber 48 in the buffer tank 34 , the return line 46 b discharges into the lower section of chamber 48 .
  • FIG. 2 a shows a possible set-up of the system according to FIG. 1 in winter, when outside temperatures are low and there is no sunshine.
  • the flow path of the heat carrier medium is indicated by arrows. At the inlets and outlets of the related system components, temperatures are indicated by way of example for the glycol. In this mode of operation, the solar collectors 10 remain unused, as does the autarkic heat exchanger 18 . The glycol flow is routed with the aid of the pump 24 exclusively between air heat exchanger 12 and evaporator 22 .
  • the refrigerant evaporates; vapour is then routed through the compressor 26 and heated in the process. It then passes into the condenser 28 , is cooled there still at high pressure and finally condensed before being routed through the expansion valve 30 .
  • water is heated in the condenser 28 (the plate heat exchangers 28 a , 28 b ) in counter current flow and routed via the lines 32 a and/or 32 b and 40 a, b, c respectively into the buffer tank 34 .
  • FIG. 2 b shows a possible system setting in winter when there is solar radiation.
  • the terminology for FIG. 2 a applies.
  • the solar collector 10 takes the place of the air heat exchanger 12 , which now remains unused.
  • FIG. 2 d shows the system management in summer at high temperatures and with direct solar radiation.
  • the heat pump which requires external energy, now remains unused, as does the air heat exchanger 12 .
  • the solar collectors 10 are connected directly to the autarkic heat exchanger 18 , so that a direct heat transfer takes place from the brine (glycol) to the water.
  • the connection of the collectors to the heat exchanger 18 is again controlled/adjusted via the multiway valve 14 .
  • FIG. 2 e shows an alternative mode of operation in winter.
  • the brine flow taken from the air heat exchanger 12 is conducted via the valve 14 into the solar collector 10 , before the brine, by analogy with FIG. 2 b , is routed via the valve 14 and then the evaporator 22 of the heat pump.
  • This circuit can be used similarly in summer to avoid overheating of the solar collector 10 if no further energy supply to the water storage device is required, for example.
  • the brine flow is cooled by means of the air heat exchanger 12 .
  • the brine flow can also be circulated past the evaporator 22 directly from the solar collector 10 to the air heat exchanger 12 and back to this end. To do this, a separate pump is activated.
  • FIG. 2 f the entire glycol circuit is shown, wherein all supply and removal lines are connected to one another with the aid of the multiway valve 14 .
  • This connection state is used for example to fill the glycol circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
US12/032,803 2007-02-26 2008-02-18 Hot water and heating system operating on the basis of renewable energy carriers Abandoned US20080203179A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007009196A DE102007009196B4 (de) 2007-02-26 2007-02-26 Auf Basis erneuerbarer Energieträger arbeitendes Warmwasser- und Heizungssystem
DE102007009196.8 2007-02-26

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US20080203179A1 true US20080203179A1 (en) 2008-08-28

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US12/032,803 Abandoned US20080203179A1 (en) 2007-02-26 2008-02-18 Hot water and heating system operating on the basis of renewable energy carriers

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US20080203179A1 (de)
EP (2) EP1962024B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE492776T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2008200743B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2621084C (de)
DE (2) DE102007009196B4 (de)
DK (1) DK1962024T3 (de)

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CN105180246A (zh) * 2015-10-21 2015-12-23 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种余热源热泵供暖控制系统及控制方法
CN105674371A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-06-15 中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司 太阳能采暖系统、多热源采暖系统及多热源供暖方法
US20160305694A1 (en) * 2012-11-13 2016-10-20 Bs2 Ag Valve for changing over the heat flows of a heat pump, taking into account the flow direction reversal in a heat exchanger connected during heating operation to the source side of the heat pump
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US20170131005A1 (en) * 2014-07-01 2017-05-11 Sinjin Enertec Co., Ltd. Heat pump heating-cooling system using hybrid heat source and control method thereof
US9733005B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-08-15 Johnson Controls Technology Company Subcooling system with thermal storage
US10047985B2 (en) 2014-03-10 2018-08-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Subcooling system with thermal energy storage
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CN107576076A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-12 真木农业设备（安徽）有限公司 一种太阳能温控系统及其使用方法
CN107642910A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-30 真木农业设备（安徽）有限公司 一种室内太阳能取热结构及其使用方法
CN114909703A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-08-16 大连理工大学 一种太阳能pvt热泵跨季冷热双储能源系统
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US10371428B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-08-06 Johnson Controls Technology Company Subcooling system with thermal storage
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CN105180246A (zh) * 2015-10-21 2015-12-23 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种余热源热泵供暖控制系统及控制方法
CN105674371A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-06-15 中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司 太阳能采暖系统、多热源采暖系统及多热源供暖方法
CN106402981A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2017-02-15 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 电驱热泵大温差余热回收供热机组
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CA2621084A1 (en) 2008-08-26
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AU2008200743B2 (en) 2010-07-08
DE102007009196A1 (de) 2008-08-28
EP1962024B1 (de) 2010-12-22
EP1962024A3 (de) 2009-06-17
DE102007009196B4 (de) 2010-07-01
DE502008002038D1 (de) 2011-02-03
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CA2621084C (en) 2012-12-18
AU2008200743A1 (en) 2008-09-11

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