US20080092561A1 - Sequential Cooling Methods and Apparatus - Google Patents

Sequential Cooling Methods and Apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080092561A1
US20080092561A1 US11/631,886 US63188605A US2008092561A1 US 20080092561 A1 US20080092561 A1 US 20080092561A1 US 63188605 A US63188605 A US 63188605A US 2008092561 A1 US2008092561 A1 US 2008092561A1
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Prior art keywords
cooling
product
container
compartment
temperature
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Abandoned
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US11/631,886
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael Panuccio
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Pandura Farms Pty Ltd
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Pandura Farms Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2004903794A external-priority patent/AU2004903794A0/en
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Assigned to PANDURA FARMS PTY LTD reassignment PANDURA FARMS PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PANUCCIO, MICHAEL
Publication of US20080092561A1 publication Critical patent/US20080092561A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/36—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F25D13/02—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with several cooling compartments, e.g. refrigerated locker systems
    • F25D13/04—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with several cooling compartments, e.g. refrigerated locker systems the compartments being at different temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D13/00—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms
    • F25D13/06—Stationary devices, e.g. cold-rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sequential cooling of products, including methods and processes of cooling as well as equipment and installations used to conduct the cooling.
  • the present invention relates to cooling manufactured products, including processed food products or other products.
  • the present invention is not necessarily limited to food or edible products, but can include a wide variety of food and non food products.
  • the present invention relates generally to harvesting of products that can be used as a food, particularly harvesting produce such as fresh fruit, vegetables or the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to the post harvest treatment and processing of produce and to the storing and handling of fresh produce. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to immediate post harvest cooling and handling of fresh produce, such as fruit, vegetables and the like.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a cooling installation, such as for example a cooling tunnel for cooling fruit and vegetables after harvesting so as to minimise or reduce the chances of spoilage or deterioration of the fruit or vegetables during storage.
  • a cooling installation such as for example a cooling tunnel for cooling fruit and vegetables after harvesting so as to minimise or reduce the chances of spoilage or deterioration of the fruit or vegetables during storage.
  • the cooling tunnel is compartmentalized, segregated or sectioned into cells, preferably with adjustable movable barriers between adjacent cells, to provide different areas for cooling the produce to different predetermined temperatures, preferably in sequence or in a prearranged order, in order to prolong the storage of the produce before the onset of spoilage or deterioration of the produce.
  • the present invention finds particular application as a method of cooling fresh produce in such a manner that the cooling is quicker and more effective, obviating the need to store the fruit after packing for relatively long periods in order to cool the packed produce to a suitable temperature for transporting the produce.
  • Fresh fruit and vegetables commonly referred to as fresh produce, need to be harvested as a first step in providing the fresh produce to the ultimate consumers. However, as soon as fresh produce is harvested, ie., picked, it commences to deteriorate or degrade, primarily through loss of moisture, which often results in the produce being unacceptable for sale to the ultimate customers at some later date, particularly after short or long term storage.
  • the rate of spoilage of the fresh produce is temperature dependent; the warmer the temperature, the faster the spoilage rate.
  • Fresh fruit and vegetables are usually harvested during the height of the growing season, which is generally the warmest part of the year. Accordingly, the fresh fruit and vegetables are usually harvested in a hot or at least warm environment. In these conditions, as soon as the fruit is picked, it commences to deteriorate through loss of moisture owing to being exposed to high ambient temperatures. The longer the fresh produce is exposed to high temperature, the greater the extent of deterioration. However, the extent of the deterioration is often not manifest until the produce is in storage or is bought by consumers, much to their disappointment and annoyance.
  • boxes of packed fruit typically at temperatures of between about 25° C. to about 35° C. required about 24 hours of being stored in racks or similar storage assemblies in order for the produce to be chilled to between about 0° C. and 1° C. before the produce could be transported to market since produce is typically transported at this temperature by refrigerated trucks.
  • the cost of providing racking or shelving of the type required is expensive, not only for the capital cost of the shelving, but also the cost of cooling the air required for circulation among the racks and other fittings.
  • Another problem of currently used cooling methods is that forced air is blown over and around the containers of produce so that the cooling air contacts the top and sides of the container only, resulting in uneven cooling of the produce contained within the container.
  • the top layer or layers of produce located in the open top containers is cooled excessively, whilst fruit contained within the interior or in the bulk of the container is cooled inadequately.
  • the heat from the relatively warmer produce located internally within the container is radiated to the relatively cooler produce around the edges which results in the produce being on average at a warmer temperature for a longer time than is desirable thereby further promoting spoilage and a short storage life.
  • a method of cooling a product comprising the steps of:
  • each individual item of product within the container is subjected to a cooling environment so as to more or less substantially uniformly cool the product to reduce or minimise the variability of storage properties or characteristics of the product.
  • a method of minimising and/or reducing the extent or deterioration or degradation of a product, particularly a food material comprising:
  • the container is provided with a means for ventilation, allowing the cooling environment to pass through the container, thereby subjecting substantially all of the product in the container to the same cooling environment, thereby minimising or reducing the variability of storage properties or characteristics of the product in the container.
  • a method of cooling a product using a cooling structure having at least two adjacent sections for providing a cooling environment comprising:
  • the container remains in at least each section of the cooling structure for a time sufficient to cool the product to a temperature less than the initial temperature and/or to less than the temperature at which the container exits from the section located immediately preceding the section to which the container is moved, and
  • the product within the container is subjected to the cooling environment so as to more or less substantially uniformly cool the product by the cooling environment passing through the container so as to enhance storage properties of the product and/or to reduce the time taken to cool the product to a temperature acceptable for storage.
  • the method includes the additional step of precooling the product to a moderate temperature by exposing the product in a transport container to a cooling environment at a temperature lower than ambient temperature at which the product is harvested.
  • the container and the transport container are different containers. Even more typically, the temperature of the cooling environment is lower than a reduced ambient temperature at which the product is precooled.
  • the product is an edible or non edible manufactured or processed product or is a fresh product. More typically, the product is a food product such as a fresh fruit or vegetable, a bakery product or other fresh or manufactured food product, such as a food product that is warm or hot manufactured and requires cooling before further treatment, processing, storage, transporting, distribution or the like.
  • the cooling environment is an environment at a temperature lower than ambient temperature. More typically, the cooling environment has different parts, sections, regions areas or the like containing the produce at different temperatures. More typically, the cooling environment is at a temperature of less than about 15° C., preferably less than about 12° C., more preferably at a temperature of less than about 8° C. More typically, the cooling environment is at a temperature of lower than about 4° C. Most preferably, the temperature is at about 0° C. to 1° C.
  • the produce not be allowed to freeze, particularly that the parts of the product, such as for example, the stalks of the grapes not be allowed to freeze, although temperatures slightly below about 0° C. can be tolerated in some circumstances, provided the stalks of the grapes are not damaged, depending upon other environmental factors, such as humidity, pressure or the like.
  • the cooling environment is an air cooled environment. More typically, the air cooled environment is a forced air flow, preferably a fan forced air flow. Typically, the fans are tube axial fans. Typically, the fans can be of a range of sizes, types, power or the like, preferably from about 50 watts in power to about several kilowatts in power. More typically, the pressure of the air is sufficient to force the air through the produce so that each item or member of the produce is independently cooled, preferably each product is subjected to substantially the same environment. Even more typically, the environment is a moist environment or a moisture free environment or a combination of both environments in different parts of the overall installation.
  • the relative humidity of the cooling environment is determined by the temperature differential across the air cooling coils, the rate of cooling and the amount of moisture condensed onto the cooling coils.
  • the relative humidity and the duration of cooling typically will determine the quantity of moisture evaporated from the fresh produce.
  • the cooling takes up to about 2 hours, preferably up to about 1 hour.
  • the food material is produce. More typically, the produce is fresh produce. Even more typically, the fresh produce is fruit or vegetables. Even more typically, the fresh fruit are grapes, preferably table grapes, more preferably, premium quality table grapes.
  • a cooling installation for cooling a food material in which the installation is provided with two or more discrete, separate or separable compartments or areas.
  • there is at least one cooling tunnel typically one, two, three, four or more cooling tunnels.
  • each cooling tunnel has at least one compartment.
  • each compartment is provided with one or more barriers, typically movable barriers.
  • each compartment forms a cell for receiving relatively warmer produce and discharging relatively cooler produce.
  • the cooling installation of the present invention is a single layer installation having a single layer of product to be cooled or is a multi-layer installation having two or more layers located one on top of the other or in superposed or stacked relationship to each other. More typically, cooled air is forced between the superposed layers from the side as well as from above or below or both. More typically, cooled air is circulated through and around the different layers.
  • the container is provided with one or more a ventilation means. More typically, the ventilation means provides or allows passage of air through the container. Even more typically, the container includes exhaust means. Typically, the ventilation means and/or exhaust means includes one or more slots, apertures, perforations or openings allowing air to pass therethrough for circulation and/or recirculation through the containers. Even more typically, the openings are provided in the side surface of the container, or in the base surface, or in both. Preferably, the openings are provided in the base surface only. More typically, the ventilation means occupies about up to about 20% to 25% of the base surface, preferably up to about 15%, more preferably up to about from 3-13%, and even more preferably about 10%, most preferably about 5% of the base area.
  • the openings may adopt any suitable size, shape, orientation or style. More typically, the openings are slots, preferably from about 6 to 12 mm in width and from about 50 to 200 mm in length, more preferably from about 80 to 120 mm in length. More typically, the openings can be arranged in any arrangement, layout or pattern, such as for example in rows, typically staggered rows, spaced apart from each other so as not to unnecessarily weaken the box. The openings may extend in any direction, such as transversely, longitudinally or be angularly inclined to the sides of the box and to each other. The openings may be continuous or discontinuous, being made up of two or more parts or sections with a divider, spacer or similar therebetween.
  • the edges of the slots are rounded so as to minimise the chances of the box being snagged or similar by the conveyor.
  • the openings allow cooled air to pass through the container.
  • the slots allow cooling air to pass each individual product or produce member or item in the container so that each individual item or member is subjected to substantially the same cooling environment.
  • the container is a box, preferably a box made from plastics material, such as polystyrene, styrofoam or the like, or from cardboard or a recycled material, including synthetic and natural materials.
  • the sides of the box are associated with and/or provided with baffles, deflectors, seals or guides to direct air to flow through the containers.
  • the guide is a flap, plate, wing, vane or similar for directing the air flow or for sealing the container to force the air flow through the container.
  • the flap, etc is mounted for hinged or pivotal movement. More typically, the flap, etc is hingedly mounted to the wall of the tunnel for pivotal movement to and from contact with the boxes as they move along the conveyor, such that when the boxes are being moved, the sealing flap is moved clear of the boxes, whereas when the boxes are being cooled, the sealing flap is in contact with the side of the box. Even more typically, there is a single sealing flap extending through all of the compartments or cells, which when the flap moves, contacts the boxes simultaneously.
  • the conveyor is an open conveyor allowing movement of air through and around the conveyor and the boxes located on the conveyor. More typically, the conveyor is a link chain conveyor or similar. Typically, the conveyor is made from metal or resilient material or is a composite of two or more different materials. More typically, the conveyor is a chain, preferably a bicycle chain or similar. Even more typically, there are two or more separate chains located in spaced apart side by side relationship for supporting the boxes thereon. Typically, the weight of the produce in the container is sufficient to keep the container in contact with the conveyor or to transport the containers when the conveyor moves. Typically, the chain is provided with wear pads, more typically, resilient or flexible wear pads.
  • the conveyor includes an array of rollers, typically the individual rollers are spaced apart, more typically, the rollers are arranged in spaced apart side by side relationship. More typically, the rollers are powered rollers being driven rollers or the like.
  • the conveyor moves intermittently and/or continuously. Typically, the conveyor moves periodically, sequentially, or the like. Typically, the time interval between movements is from 0.1 to about 10 minutes, preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 minutes, more preferably from about 0.5 to about 3 minutes, and most preferably from about 1.0 to about 2.5 minutes.
  • the conveyor moves about the length of the container or the length of a cell each time it moves.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan schematic view of one arrangement on which the handling centre of the present invention is located in the form of a growing property or farm;
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan schematic view of the layout of one form of the arrangement of the handling centre apparatus having the installation of the present invention, in which the cooling method is conducted;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of one form of the flap seal at the side wall of the cooling tunnel.
  • FIG. 4 is one example of the base of one form of the container that can be used to hold the produce during the cooling process conducted in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically one typical layout of a farm property or vineyard for growing table grapes having a handling facility in which the apparatus and method of the present invention are carried out.
  • a property is provided with a vineyard or similar 10 , having rows of vines 12 for producing table grapes and a handling centre 16 in the form of a packing shed, cool store or similar.
  • a vineyard or similar 10 having rows of vines 12 for producing table grapes and a handling centre 16 in the form of a packing shed, cool store or similar.
  • the table grapes are harvested.
  • all of the grapes which are ripe are picked as bunches regardless of their size and condition. Of necessity, there is variation in the size, quality and condition of the grapes within a bunch and between bunches.
  • the grapes are placed in suitable receptacles (not shown) for transport to a fruit handling centre 16 .
  • receptacles are termed “picking containers”.
  • Any convenient, desirable or suitable means of transporting the grapes to the handling centre can be used, such as for example, motorised vehicles and/or crates, bins or the like, including cooled, chilled or refrigerated vehicles containing the bunches of grapes placed in the crates by the people picking the grapes in the field. If necessary, motor vehicles travel along access road 14 to get to the handling centre.
  • the handling centre 16 includes a number of discrete sections, such as a first section which can be termed a temporary storage section 18 or a precooling section.
  • a first section which can be termed a temporary storage section 18 or a precooling section.
  • other pretreatment sections are also provided if required for specific functions, a gassing chamber or room or the like.
  • Grapes are first deposited after being transported from the field at or near to the precooling section 18 on arrival at the handling centre 16 , where the picking containers are subjected to forced air cooling. From there the picking containers are moved to a second section which is known as a packing section 22 where individual bunches of grapes are removed from the picking container and are sorted and graded in accordance with their type, size, quality, condition or other properties or characteristics into containers of grapes having generally the same or similar properties, characteristics or qualities.
  • the handling centre 16 is provided with an overall environment which is below ambient temperature, typically a temperature of from about 25° C. to about 35° C., so that as soon as the grapes arrive and are deposited in the handling centre, the cooling process commences so as to cool the grapes initially, particularly when the grapes are temporarily stored in the precooling section 18 .
  • the pre-cooling section is provided with a cooler, such as for example of the type made by Thermfresh® or the like, for cooling the grapes as soon as the grapes enter the handling centre and whilst awaiting sorting and packing in the packing station.
  • the pre-cooling of the grapes reduces their temperature from ambient temperature of between about 25° C. to 35° C. to about 8° C. to 16° C., typically between about 12° C. to 16° C., whilst in the pre-cooling and/or packing section.
  • the produce is located in the packing section 22 and/or pre-cooling section 18 for a dwell time of up to about 8 hours, typically up to about 4 hours, and more typically from about 2 to 3 hours.
  • the containers are passed to a second section of the handling centre 16 which is a cooling section 30 by means of a generally longitudinally oriented conveyor system 26 or similar, and a generally transversely oriented conveyor system, endless belt or similar 28 .
  • a generally longitudinally oriented conveyor system 26 or similar and a generally transversely oriented conveyor system, endless belt or similar 28 .
  • the individual conveyor systems can take any number of different forms which are suitable for use with the particular product being cooled.
  • the cooling section 30 is provided with a cooling tunnel arrangement 32 having a conveyor system for conveying containers of bunches of grapes from the packing section 22 through to a further section of the handling centre 16 which is the storage section 40 .
  • a conveying system can be used.
  • One particularly advantageous conveying system includes an open system, such as for example, a link chain arrangement, typically a bicycle chain, allowing cooled air to circulate around and through the conveyor and the boxes of grapes located on the conveyor.
  • a particularly preferred form of the conveyor includes at least two spaced apart bicycle chains operating in tandem or unison for supporting the boxes of grapes thereon. It is to be noted that any number of substantially parallel spaced apart conveyor chains can be provided depending upon the number of boxes being transported.
  • the chains are provided with strategically placed wear pads, preferably made from a resilient or shock-absorbing material. Further, it is to be noted that the weight of the full boxes is sufficient to maintain contact between the boxes and the chain, particularly as the boxes are made from relatively soft and/or deformable plastics material, such as styrene or similar, allowing individual links of the chain to bite into and grip the undersurface of the boxes.
  • the conveyor system includes one or more arrays of rollers arranged in side by side spaced apart relationship to one another. A particularly preferred form of the roller is a powered roller.
  • the cooling tunnel 32 further includes one or more tube axial fans for blowing cooled air over the grapes to provide the majority of cooling to the grapes.
  • the cooling tunnel is divided into six separable compartments 34 or cells located sequentially in line to allow boxes of grapes to pass through each compartment in turn as they are transported from the packing station 22 to the storage station 40 .
  • Barriers 36 are located at spaced apart locations to divide the tunnel into the 6 cells.
  • the barriers can be fixed barriers, adjustable barriers or movable barriers, as will be described in more detail later in this specification.
  • each compartment of the cooling tunnel is provided a refrigeration, air conditioning or cooling installation for providing cool air at a predetermined temperature and at a predetermined rate to the compartment, as well as at other predetermined conditions, such as relative humidity, pressure, velocity and the like.
  • Any suitable refrigeration or cooling installation may be used.
  • a particularly preferred installation provides air from above blowing down and through the boxes of grapes and the conveyor system for recirculation back to the refrigeration installation or cooling installation by suitable return systems. In this manner, cooled air is blown onto and through the boxes on the conveyor system to cool the produce individually.
  • Each cell is provided with one or more fans and each fan can be from a few watts up to several kilowatts. Typically, each fan is from about 50 watts to 10 kilowatts, more typically, from about 50 to 100 watts.
  • a typical air flow rate is up to 10 litres of air per kilogram of grapes per second.
  • a preferred air flow rate is from about 0.5 to about 10 l/kg/sec, more preferably from 1 to 5 l/kg/sec, a more preferred rate is from 1 to 3 l/kg/sec whilst a most preferred rate is about 2 l/kg/sec.
  • the temperature of the air can be selected in accordance with requirements which will be discussed later in this specification. Further, it is to be noted that in some embodiments, no added moisture is required in the cooling tunnel. However, if required, moisture can be added if necessary or desirable.
  • the humidity is controlled or increased by having a spray system for spraying water either continuously or intermittently through nozzles or similar located at spaced apart locations throughout one or more sections of the cooling installation.
  • each row has 5 boxes so as to form a cell of 20 boxes.
  • a cell of 20 boxes is located in each compartment and all move simultaneously from one compartment to the next. Therefore, each cell equates to 20 boxes being held in each compartment.
  • all of the 20 boxes are in abutting relationship with adjacent boxes so that there is substantially no gaps between adjacent boxes, such as between adjacent respective side walls and adjacent respective end walls. This has the effect of directing the flow of cool air through the boxes to cool the contents.
  • each conveyor can have 20, 40, 60, 80 boxes or more depending upon whether there are 1, 2, 3, 4 or more conveyors.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown 4 conveyors 38 located in side-by-side relationship in which there are 6 cells for each conveyor.
  • the first 20 boxes are placed in the first cell in an abutting side by side array where they are retained for a predetermined period of time to allow the temperature of the grapes to reduce to about half the initial temperature.
  • grapes arriving from the packing station 20 at a temperature of about 16° C. or so are cooled to about 8° C. in the first compartment.
  • the temperature and flow rate of the air is adjusted accordingly to achieve this temperature drop.
  • not all of the produce may be reduced to the same temperature, but there may be a slight temperature difference between bunches of grapes where there is increased back pressure to air flow as compared to being located where there is less restriction to air flow in the compartment.
  • any variation will be equalised by further movement through the cooling tunnel.
  • the conveyor operates automatically to transfer all of the boxes of grapes to the second compartment, whereupon cooling is applied to reduce the temperature further.
  • the cooling conditions in the second compartment may be the same as or different to the cooling conditions in the first compartment, depending upon the temperature drop required.
  • a further group of 20 boxes is loaded onto the conveyor in the first cell and subjected to cooling air flow in that compartment so that cooling of the grapes in the first compartment can take place, again from the initial temperature of about 16° C. to about 8° C.
  • a typical time for the boxes to be located in an individual cell is from about 0.1 to about 30 minutes, preferably from about 0.5 to 20 minutes, more preferably from about 3 to 15 minutes, even more preferably from about 5 to 12 minutes, and most preferably from about 8 to 10 minutes.
  • the conveyor is operated to transport the boxes of grapes in compartment 2 into compartment 3 and simultaneously transport the boxes in compartment 1 to compartment 2 , leaving compartment 1 free to receive a further cell of 20 boxes.
  • the conveyor again moves the boxes in one cell onto the next cell and so on until each box moves through all of the cells.
  • the conveyor is operated intermittently every 10 minutes or so to move all boxes simultaneously through each of the 6 compartments in turn.
  • each movement of the conveyor is about the length of 4 boxes aligned end to end, which is about 1.5 to 2.0 m.
  • the movement is in accordance with the size of the boxes.
  • the boxes of grapes are removed from the last or sixth compartment into the storage area 40 located at or towards the end of the cooling tunnel 32 by means of a generally transversely oriented conveyor line, endless belt or the like 42 .
  • the boxes are palletised and the pallets 44 are wrapped in plastic film or similar to retain moisture and to maintain the boxes at a temperature of between about 0.0 to 0.5° C.
  • the individual boxes are wrapped to prevent moisture from egressing through the slots in the base of the boxes and to assist in insulating the boxes.
  • the wrapped boxes are directly placed on pallets where they are ready for almost immediate transportation through discharge docks 48 .
  • the boxes do not need to be stored in racks or shelves, and certainly not for periods of time of up to 24 hours to cool down sufficiently for transporting to market, since they are already cooled to as low as 0° C.-0.5° C.
  • Additional refrigerated storage is provided in refrigerated storage area 50 for storing wrapped pellets or other product.
  • the movement of produce through the handling centre is in the direction of the arrows shown in FIG. 1 , starting with arrow A denoting the introduction of picked containers from the vineyard, and ending with arrow B through discharge dock 48 .
  • the barriers forming the cells are movable, such as for example, vertically movable curtains, barriers or partitions which are provided to divide the cooling tunnel into the 6 compartments.
  • movable barriers there are 7 such movable barriers; 2 at the ends of the tunnel and 5 dividing the tunnel into the 6 compartments.
  • the movable barriers can be lowered until the bottom surface or similar of the barrier is resting upon the top surface of the boxes, particularly the edges of the boxes, or between selected rows of boxes.
  • the barriers move up and down only a few centimeters if required.
  • a seal of resilient material is provided along the lower edge of the movable barrier to seal the compartment so that cooled air flowing through the compartment is forced to travel through the boxes around the individual berries or grapes to exit through the slots in the boxes.
  • One embodiment of the seal is a generally D-shaped compressible or resiliently or elastically deformable strip or roll, typically made from a plastics material, rubber material or the like, provided along or attached to the lower edge in use of the movable barriers.
  • the barriers can be raised to allow boxes to pass underneath the barrier when on the conveyor and accordingly, there is a clearance gap between the barrier and the box and then lowered to contact the box when the barrier is in the raised position. The barrier is then lowered to contact the box to seal the cell.
  • a lengthwise extending flap 60 which is hingedly mounted onto the wall 62 for pivotal or hinged movement through about 50-80° of rotation, as shown by arrow Y of FIG.
  • the barriers are adjustable in width to allow for different size boxes to be conveyed through the cooling installation.
  • the gap or space remaining after the barrier has moved is adjustable in size, particularly width to minimize the amount of heat transferred by operation of the barrier.
  • the cooling tunnel includes the following arrangement.
  • the cooling tunnel is divided into individual conveyors, such as 4 conveyors 38 , as shown in FIG. 2 , with each conveyor divided into 6 cells.
  • the conveyor moves about the length of a single box length, ie., about 450 mm every 2.5 minutes or so.
  • the boxes instead of all boxes in a cell moving simultaneously from one cell to the next, the boxes all move in unison from one position to an adjacent position down the line.
  • the conveyor has five short moves rather than a single long move, so that the boxes remain in the cell for the same length of time and are subject to the same cooling environment as in the previously described embodiment.
  • a first transverse line or row of boxes of grapes are loaded onto the conveyor in cell 1 along the first position in the cell. After a predetermined interval, the conveyor moves about 1 box length to move the line of boxes to a second position. A further line of boxes is added to the now vacant first line. After the set time interval has elapsed, the conveyor moves the boxes to the next position and so on until all the boxes are transferred through the tunnel from one end to the other end to cool the produce to the required temperature.
  • each box is moved through each cell in turn and resides in each cell sufficiently long enough to be cooled to the required temperature in each cell and overall as it periodically moves from the beginning of cell 1 to the end of cell 6 .
  • 15 blank empty boxes are added after the last row of five boxes of produce.
  • the container is provided with one form of the vent pattern in the base of the container.
  • Container 70 is in the form of a box provided with an open top, a planar base 72 , and four side walls 74 extending substantially perpendicularly from the planar base 72 .
  • Base 72 is provided with an array of openings in the form of slots 76 allowing cooling air to pass through container 70 .
  • slots 76 are all arranged to extend in a substantially lengthwise direction substantially spaced apart from each other in substantially parallel relationship so that an alternate array of slots 76 is formed.
  • slots 76 are shown as being substantially rectilinear, it is to be noted that the openings may take any suitable size and/or shape and be of any suitable arrangement or pattern in accordance with the purpose of the openings, which is to allow air to circulate and travel through the container whilst the integrity, strength, rigidity or the like of the container is maintained, enabling storage and transport of the containers.
  • An optional feature of the cooling installation is the presence of a pretreatment area or enclosure such as for example a gas treatment room, gas chamber, sealed atmosphere room or the like for subjecting the product to a gaseous atmosphere in accordance with requirements.
  • a gas treatment is to assist ripening of fruit or vegetables.
  • a fumigation treatment required if the produce is to be exported or the like.
  • Advantages of the present invention include that the time taken to cool the fruit or other fresh produce to the required temperatures is considerably reduced, as the cooling is more effective by allowing the cooled air to flow through the boxes and not around the boxes. This in turn allows the fruit to be subjected to more constant conditions so that there are constant storage characteristics for the fruit.
  • the cooling method of the present invention is faster. There is no need to provide large capacity storage shelves or racking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
  • Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
US11/631,886 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 Sequential Cooling Methods and Apparatus Abandoned US20080092561A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004903794 2004-07-09
AU2004903794A AU2004903794A0 (en) 2004-07-09 Post harvest cooling method
PCT/AU2005/001010 WO2006005120A1 (en) 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 Sequential cooling methods and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080092561A1 true US20080092561A1 (en) 2008-04-24

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US (1) US20080092561A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1805465A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008504824A (zh)
TW (1) TW200605824A (zh)
WO (1) WO2006005120A1 (zh)

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US20140034766A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2014-02-06 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
CN112629116A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-09 成都凯创莱科技有限公司 一种可实现自动输送的控温冰柜
US20220061344A1 (en) * 2020-09-02 2022-03-03 Augusto Cesar Fernandini Frias Vegetable conservation process
NO20220878A1 (en) * 2022-08-12 2024-02-13 Autostore Tech As An automated storage and retrieval system having a container transfer apparatus, and a method thereof

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US20090211274A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-27 Meng James C Process and apparatus for pretreatment of fresh food products
AU2019219837A1 (en) * 2019-08-23 2021-03-11 Golden Produce I.P. Pty Ltd Sequential cooling tunnel and method of use

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US20140034766A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2014-02-06 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
US9088183B2 (en) * 2012-08-03 2015-07-21 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
US10814332B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2020-10-27 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
US20210031207A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2021-02-04 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
US20210031208A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2021-02-04 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
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US11752504B2 (en) * 2012-08-03 2023-09-12 Aurora Office Equipment Co., Ltd. Shanghai Cooled motor for a paper shredder
US20220061344A1 (en) * 2020-09-02 2022-03-03 Augusto Cesar Fernandini Frias Vegetable conservation process
CN112629116A (zh) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-09 成都凯创莱科技有限公司 一种可实现自动输送的控温冰柜
NO20220878A1 (en) * 2022-08-12 2024-02-13 Autostore Tech As An automated storage and retrieval system having a container transfer apparatus, and a method thereof

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TW200605824A (en) 2006-02-16
WO2006005120A1 (en) 2006-01-19
JP2008504824A (ja) 2008-02-21
EP1805465A1 (en) 2007-07-11

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