US20070261706A1 - Cigarette with carbon on tow filter - Google Patents

Cigarette with carbon on tow filter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070261706A1
US20070261706A1 US11/299,475 US29947505A US2007261706A1 US 20070261706 A1 US20070261706 A1 US 20070261706A1 US 29947505 A US29947505 A US 29947505A US 2007261706 A1 US2007261706 A1 US 2007261706A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbon
cigarette
filter
tow
tar
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Abandoned
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US11/299,475
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English (en)
Inventor
Ashesh Banerjea
Charles Lambert
Arlington Finley
Richard Jupe
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Application filed by Philip Morris USA Inc filed Critical Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority to US11/299,475 priority Critical patent/US20070261706A1/en
Assigned to PHILIP MORRIS USA INC. reassignment PHILIP MORRIS USA INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANERJEA, ASHESH, JUPE, RICHARD, LAMBERT, CHARLES, FINLEY, ARLINGTON L.
Publication of US20070261706A1 publication Critical patent/US20070261706A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/002—Cigars; Cigarettes with additives, e.g. for flavouring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A24D3/0225—Applying additives to filter materials with solid additives, e.g. incorporation of a granular product
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/061—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters containing additives entrapped within capsules, sponge-like material or the like, for further release upon smoking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular, to cigarettes that include filter segments comprising an adsorbent and fibrous filter materials arranged for advantageous removal of gas phase components from mainstream smoke over extended cigarette shelf life.
  • Smoking articles generally comprise a tobacco rod of shredded tobacco (usually, in cut filler form) surrounded by a paper wrapper, and a cylindrical filter aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod.
  • the filter includes a plug of cellulose acetate tow attached to the tobacco rod by tipping paper. Ventilation of mainstream smoke is achieved with a row or rows of perforations about a location along the filter. Such ventilation provides dilution of drawn mainstream smoke with ambient air to reduce the delivery of tar.
  • a smoker Upon lighting a cigarette, a smoker draws mainstream smoke from the coal at the lit end of the cigarette.
  • the drawn cigarette smoke first enters the upstream end portion of the filter and then passes through the downstream portion adjacent the buccal (mouth) end of the cigarette.
  • Certain cigarettes have filter segments which incorporate adsorbent materials such as activated carbon, and examples of such are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,881,770 to Tovey; U.S. Pat. No. 3,353, 543 to Sproull et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,101,723 to Seligman et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,958 to Ranier et al.
  • adsorbent materials such as activated carbon
  • Certain commercially available filters have particles or granules of carbon (e.g., an activated carbon material) alone or dispersed within a cellulose acetate tow; other commercially available filters have carbon threads dispersed therein; while still other commercially available filters have so-called “plug-space-plug”, “cavity filter” or “triple filter” designs.
  • Examples of commercially available filters are SCS IV Dual Solid Charcoal Filter and Triple Solid Charcoal Filter from Filtrona International, Ltd.; Triple Cavity Filter from Baumgartner; and ACT from Filtrona International, Ltd. See also, Clarke et al., World Tobacco, p.55 (November 1992). Detailed discussion of the properties and composition of cigarettes and filters is found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,404,890 and 5,568,819 to Gentry et al, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Cigarette filter elements which incorporate carbon have the ability to remove constituents of mainstream smoke which passes therethrough.
  • activated carbon has the propensity to reduce the levels of certain gas phase components present in the mainstream smoke, resulting in a change in the organoleptic properties of that smoke.
  • a cigarette having a cigarette filter incorporating carbon and/or other materials capable of absorbing and/or adsorbing gas phase components present in mainstream cigarette smoke, while providing favorable absorption/adsorption, dilution and drawing characteristics.
  • the activated carbon is also flavor-bearing and comprises highly, activated carbon particles on a fibrous tow.
  • mainstream smoke is drawn through the upstream portion of the filter, gas phase smoke constituents are removed and flavor is released from the activated carbon.
  • Ventilation is provided to limit the amount of tobacco being combusted during each puff and such ventilation is arranged at a downstream location of most of the carbon on tow in order to lower mainstream smoke velocity through the adsorbent.
  • the present invention addresses the desirability of achieving optimum residence times for the smoke in the region of the filter bearing the adsorbent material while also achieving favorable dilution of the smoke with ambient air and inducing an acceptable resistance to draw as is expected by most smokers.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter including highly activated carbon particles on a fiber tow, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter including highly activated carbon particles on a fiber tow, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter including highly activated carbon particles on a fiber tow with downstream flavor addition, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details; and
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of still another cigarette comprising a tobacco rod and a multi-component filter including highly activated carbon particles on a fiber tow with downstream flavor addition, according to the present invention, with portions thereof broken away to illustrate interior details.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a cigarette 10 comprising a rod of smokable material 12 such as shredded tobacco and a multi-component filter 14 attached to the rod 12 with a tipping paper 16 .
  • a tipping paper 16 Upon lighting of the cigarette 10 , mainstream smoke is generated by and drawn from the tobacco rod 12 and through the filter 14 .
  • the filter 14 comprises a cellulose acetate tow 18 that includes a suitable plasticizer such as triacetin with highly activated carbon particles on granules 20 distributed throughout the tow.
  • a mouth end (mouthpiece) component 22 is downstream of the tow 18 and carbon 20 .
  • the mouth end (buccal) component 22 is preferably in the form of a cellulose acetate plug or other suitable fibrous or webbed material of moderate to low particulate efficiency.
  • the particulate efficiency is low, with the denier and grand total denier being selected such that the desired total RTD of the multi-component filter 14 is achieved.
  • the carbon 20 on the tow 18 is in the form of granules and the like.
  • the carbon of the preferred embodiment is a high surface area, activated carbon, for example a coconut shell based carbon of typical ASTM mesh size used in the cigarette industry or finer.
  • the activated carbon adsorbs constituents of mainstream smoke, particularly, those of the gas phase including aldehydes, ketones and other volatile organic compounds, and in particular 1, 3 butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, styrene, acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide.
  • the carbon particles 20 it is preferred that they have a mesh size of from 10 to 80, and more preferably a mesh size of 20 to 70.
  • the carbon particles are highly activated having an overall activity in the range of 90 to 110% with a target activity of about 95% as measured by CTC (carbon tetrachloride) methodology.
  • the carbon particles 20 may be flavor-bearing or otherwise impregnated with a flavor so that these adsorbent particles not only remove one or more gas phase smoke constituents from mainstream smoke, but also release flavor into the mainstream smoke stream.
  • flavor is added to the carbon granules by spraying flavorant upon a batch of activated carbon in a mixing (tumbling) drum or alternatively in a fluidized bed with nitrogen as the fluidizing agent, wherein flavorant may then be sprayed onto the carbon in the bed. Flavor addition is done prior to distributing the carbon granules throughout the tow 18 .
  • one or more circumferential rows of perforations 24 are formed through the tipping paper 16 at a location along the downstream end portion of the carbon on tow 18 , 20 .
  • the preferred placement maximizes the distance between the buccal end of the cigarette and the perforations 24 , which preferably is at least 12 mm (millimeters) or more so that a smoker's lips do not occlude the perforations 24 .
  • the level of ventilation is in the range of 40 to 60% and more preferably approximately 45 to 55% in a 6 mg FTC tar delivery cigarette.
  • Ventilation not only provides dilution of the mainstream smoke but also effects a reduction of the amount of tobacco combusted during each puff when coupled with a low particulate efficiency filter 14 . Ventilation reduces drawing action on the coal and thereby reduces the amount of tobacco that is combusted during a puff. As a result, absolute quantities of smoke constituents are reduced.
  • the perforations 24 of the present invention are located at the downstream end portion of the carbon on tow filter so that mainstream smoke velocity through most of the carbon particles 20 is reduced and dwell time of the mainstream smoke amongst the carbon 20 is increased.
  • the extra dwell time increases the effectiveness of the activated carbon in reducing targeted mainstream smoke constituents.
  • the smoke is diluted by ambient air passing through perforations 24 and mixing with the mainstream smoke to achieve air dilution in the approximate range of 45-65%. For example, with 50% air dilution, the flow through the cigarette upstream of the dilution perforations is reduced 50% thereby reducing the smoke velocity by 50%.
  • the range carbon loading 20 on the tow 18 comprises at least 90 to greater than 120 mg (milligrams) with a target loading of approximately 120 mg.
  • Such carbon loading provides a flavorful cigarette that achieves significant reductions in gas phase constituents of the mainstream smoke, including 90% reductions or greater in 1, 3 butadiene, acrolein, isoprene, propionaldehyde, acrylonitrile, benzene, toluene, and 80% reductions or greater in acetaldehyde.
  • the elevated carbon loading also assures an adequate activity level sufficient to achieve such reductions throughout the expected shelf-life of the product (up to six months or more).
  • the length of tobacco rod 12 is preferably 49 mm, and the length of the multi-component filter 14 is preferably 34 mm.
  • the length of the carbon on tow segment is preferably 20-26 mm and the cellulose acetate plug 8 at the end of the filter 14 is preferably 8 mm.
  • Overall the level of tar (FTC) is preferably in the range of 6 mg with a puff count of 6 or greater.
  • Tobacco rod 12 may be wrapped with a convention cigarette wrapper or banded paper may be used for this purpose.
  • Banded cigarette paper has spaced apart integrated cellulose bands 21 that encircle the finished tobacco rod of cigarette 10 to modify the mass burn rate of the cigarette so as to reduce risk of igniting a substrate if the cigarette 10 is left thereon smoldering.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,263,999 and 5,997,691 describe banded cigarette paper, which patents are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • the carbon on tow filter components maintains its efficacy in the removal of gas phase components over extended shelf life of cigarettes 10 .
  • Test Cigarette Carbon on Tow; 120 mg carbon/3% Triacetin/Unflavored Carbon/95% Activity Level Test Cigarette after Test Cigarette simulated 6 Test Cigarette after Initial: Ave. months; Ave. simulated 1 year; Gas Vapor Phase (Per Tar) Control Reduction Reduction Ave.
  • Test Cigarette Carbon on Tow; 120 mg carbon/6% Triacetin/Unflavored Carbon/95% Activity Level Test Cigarette after Test Cigarette simulated 6 Test Cigarette after Initial; Ave. months; Ave. simulated 1 year; Gas Vapor Phase (Per Tar) Control Reduction Reduction Ave.
  • Test Cigarette Carbon on Tow; 120 mg carbon/0% Triacetin/Flavored Carbon/95% Activity Level Test Cigarette after Test Cigarette simulated 6 Test Cigarette after Initial: Ave. months; Ave. simulated 1 year; Gas Vapor Phase (Per Tar) Control Reduction Reduction Ave.
  • Test Cigarette Carbon on Tow; 120 mg carbon/6% Triacetin/Flavored Carbon/95% Activity Level Test Cigarette after Test Cigarette simulated 6 Test Cigarette after Initial: Ave. months; Ave. simulated 1 year; Gas Vapor Phase (Per Tar) Control Reduction Reduction Ave.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cigarette 10 A with a shorter tow 18 A and reduced loading of carbon particles 20 A distributed amongst the tow.
  • the carbon loading is about 75 milligrams and the carbon is unflavored.
  • Activity of the carbon is within the range of 90 to 115% with a target of approximately 95%.
  • alternate preferred embodiments include cigarettes 10 B, 10 C which include a carbon-on-tow filter plug 18 having a carbon loading of approximately 75 to 120 milligrams or greater of elevated activity level (90 to 110% with a target level of approximately 95%), more preferably approximately 120 milligrams of such carbon in cigarette 10 B and approximately 75 milligrams of such carbon in cigarette 10 C, both preferably without flavors. Approximately 90 mg carbon is a preferred amount.
  • the filters further include a flavor release element 32 , 32 A at a location downstream of the carbon-on-tow (in the sense of direction as mainstream smoke is drawn through the cigarette), such as in FIG.
  • a filter plug 32 having a flavor-bearing yarn 33 therein such as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,761,174
  • a bed of flavor-releasing particles 35 as shown in FIG. 4 which particles may be arranged in the space of a plug-space-plug arrangement at element 32 or as a plug of fibrous tow with flavor-releasing particles disposed therein.
  • these cigarettes 10 B, 10 C of FIGS. 3 and 4 offer enhanced capability to remove gas phase smoke constituents, acceptable shelf-life and favorable organoleptic properties.
  • the present invention may be practiced with cigarettes of various circumferences, narrow cigarettes as well as wide. Also, while the present invention is preferably practiced with unflavored tobacco rods, flavored tobacco material is also contemplated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
US11/299,475 2004-12-15 2005-12-12 Cigarette with carbon on tow filter Abandoned US20070261706A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/299,475 US20070261706A1 (en) 2004-12-15 2005-12-12 Cigarette with carbon on tow filter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63626204P 2004-12-15 2004-12-15
US11/299,475 US20070261706A1 (en) 2004-12-15 2005-12-12 Cigarette with carbon on tow filter

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US (1) US20070261706A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1845811B2 (de)
JP (1) JP5398143B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20070089855A (de)
CN (1) CN101094597B (de)
AU (1) AU2005315243B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0519090A2 (de)
DK (1) DK1845811T4 (de)
EA (1) EA009755B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2545455T5 (de)
HK (1) HK1109998A1 (de)
HU (1) HUE025226T2 (de)
MX (1) MX2007007232A (de)
PL (1) PL1845811T5 (de)
PT (1) PT1845811E (de)
RS (1) RS54104B2 (de)
SI (1) SI1845811T2 (de)
UA (1) UA87345C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2006064371A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200704410B (de)

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DK1845811T3 (en) 2015-08-24
PT1845811E (pt) 2015-09-15
JP2008523800A (ja) 2008-07-10
ZA200704410B (en) 2008-09-25
CN101094597B (zh) 2011-11-09
JP5398143B2 (ja) 2014-01-29
RS54104B1 (en) 2015-10-30
BRPI0519090A2 (pt) 2008-12-23
MX2007007232A (es) 2007-08-14
UA87345C2 (ru) 2009-07-10
ES2545455T5 (es) 2018-10-29
EA200701278A1 (ru) 2007-10-26
EP1845811A1 (de) 2007-10-24
SI1845811T2 (sl) 2018-11-30
EP1845811B1 (de) 2015-05-20
EA009755B1 (ru) 2008-04-28
SI1845811T1 (sl) 2015-10-30
RS54104B2 (sr) 2018-11-30
HK1109998A1 (en) 2008-07-04
AU2005315243B2 (en) 2011-09-08
HUE025226T2 (en) 2016-02-29
PL1845811T3 (pl) 2015-11-30
ES2545455T3 (es) 2015-09-11
DK1845811T4 (en) 2018-09-03
WO2006064371A1 (en) 2006-06-22
PL1845811T5 (pl) 2018-11-30
AU2005315243A1 (en) 2006-06-22

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