US20070042660A1 - Controllable surface area fabric - Google Patents

Controllable surface area fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070042660A1
US20070042660A1 US10/572,156 US57215604A US2007042660A1 US 20070042660 A1 US20070042660 A1 US 20070042660A1 US 57215604 A US57215604 A US 57215604A US 2007042660 A1 US2007042660 A1 US 2007042660A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
shape memory
memory alloy
alloy fiber
fabric
garment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/572,156
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English (en)
Inventor
Aaron Waxler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to US10/572,156 priority Critical patent/US20070042660A1/en
Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WAXLER, AARON
Publication of US20070042660A1 publication Critical patent/US20070042660A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D15/00—Convertible garments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0088—Fabrics having an electronic function
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/25—Metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/56—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/567—Shapes or effects upon shrinkage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/12—Shape memory
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/046—Shape recovering or form memory
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/02—Underwear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D10B2501/041—Gloves
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D10B2501/042—Headwear
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D10B2501/043—Footwear
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2203/00—Form of contacts
    • H01H2203/008—Wires
    • H01H2203/0085—Layered switches integrated into garment, clothes or textile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]

Definitions

  • Fabrics are formed of textile fibers. Fabrics can be stretchable and often include elastic components or fibers that allow them to stretch and return to form.
  • the surface area of a fabric is usually fixed. To reduce the surface area of a fabric, it is usually folded, bent, or bundled. To increase the surface area of a fabric, it usually must be stretched over a surface or pulled against some other form of resistance. Often a fabric will not return to its original surface area after a certain number of stretches.
  • Fabrics can also be stretchable and often include elastic components or fibers, such as Spandex, that allow them to stretch and return to form.
  • the surface area of a fabric is usually fixed.
  • fabrics are sewn into a pattern to create garments.
  • Garments are manufactured and/or mass-produced in a variety of sizes or shapes. Often, the same style of garment is produced in multiple sizes to accommodate various sized wearers.
  • the contour of a fabric is usually fixed in either a specific pattern or by embedded contour supports, such as wire frames. To adjust the surface contour of a fabric, it is usually folded, bent, or bundled over a frame. Often a fabric will not return to its original surface area after a certain number of contour alterations. Additionally, it is difficult to adjust the contour of such a fabric in a repeatable way.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a garment 2 that includes conductive fibers.
  • Garment 2 has three current paths 3 , 3 ′, 3 ′′ that are made up of conductive fibers through which current can be passed from power source 4 .
  • Garment 2 also includes a switch 5 that the wearer of the garment can select which current path he or she chooses. For example, a user can attach a portable electronic device, such as a cellular telephone or portable radio, to garment 2 at clip 6 .
  • Muscle Wires are thin, highly processed strands of a shape memory alloy (SMA) that can assume radically different forms or “phases” at distinct temperatures. They are predominantly used in the aerospace industry, in the automation of manufacturing processes, and by hobbyists and robotics experimenters worldwide.
  • SMA shape memory alloy
  • Muscle Wires are easily stretched by a small force at room temperature. However, when conducting an electric current, the wire heats and changes to a much harder form that returns to the “unstretched” shape—the wire shortens in length with a usable amount of force, then when cooled, they relax again, ready for reactivation. Large wires are stronger than small ones, and strength varies with diameter. Some of the smallest wires can lift 20 grams up against gravity and the largest can raise up to 2,000 grams (over 4.4 pounds). The amount needed to stretch a wire when cool is about 1 ⁇ 6 the force exerted by the wire when heated. Muscle Wires can be stretched by up to eight percent of their length and will recover fully, but only for a few cycles. For additional strength, two or more wires can be used in parallel. This gives you as much strength as needed, while maintaining the fast cycle times of smaller wires.
  • Muscle Wires can run for millions of cycles with very consistent and reliable performance. Muscle wire utilizes SMA technologies. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are composites that undergo a shape change when heated or cooled. Nitinol, a SMA combination of nickel and titanium, can be processed into various forms and is an alternative for obtaining motion from electrical current Typically motors or solenoids would be used, but there are many cases when SMAs are advantageous because of their mechanical simplicity, high strength to weight ratio, low sound output, and precise control. The shape memory effect is repeatable and can typically result in up to 8% strain recovery. Muscle wires can be as small as 150 microns in diameter and can be round or square/rectangular.
  • a flexible fabric to include a means for selectively controlling its surface area, adjusting the shape of the garment, and/or selectively controlling the garment's surface contour that does not suffer from the prior art limitations.
  • a fabric with an adjustable surface area includes interwoven textile fibers; at least one shape memory alloy fiber woven among the textile fibers that alters a surface area, a contour, or an adjustable portion of the fabric upon receiving current; and means for passing current though the at least one shape memory alloy fiber.
  • the at least one shape memory alloy fiber is circular, elliptical, or rectangular in cross-section. In another embodiment, the at least one shape memory alloy fiber is woven in a sinusoidal or fishbone pattern in the fabric.
  • the at least one shape memory alloy fiber changes from a straightened position to a bent position upon receiving current
  • the at least one shape memory alloy fiber changes from a straightened position to a bent position in the plane of the fabric upon receiving current.
  • a first portion of the at least one shape memory alloy fiber changes from a straight position to a first bent position upon receiving current and a second portion of the at least one shape memory alloy fiber change from a straight position to a second bent position upon receiving current.
  • the bent position includes bending between three and eight percent of the length of the at least one shape memory alloy fiber.
  • the at least one shape memory alloy has an insulating layer.
  • the interwoven textile fibers include at least one elastic material.
  • the means for passing current through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber includes a current regulator for altering the current passed through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber.
  • the selected maximum is less than eight percent of the entire length of the at least one shape memory alloy fiber.
  • the at least one shape memory alloy fiber is attached to at least one of the interwoven textile fibers.
  • the surface area of the fabric is incrementally adjustable.
  • a method of producing a fabric with an adjustable surface area includes the steps of: weaving textile fibers together with at least one shape memory alloy fiber; connecting the at least one shape memory alloy fiber to a means for passing current through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber; and controlling the current passing through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber such that a surface area, a contour, or an adjustable portion of the fabric is adjusted.
  • the invention provides many advantages, some of which are elucidated with reference to the embodiments below.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a prior art garment that includes conductive fibers
  • FIG. 2A depicts a fabric with an adjustable surface area including at least one shape memory alloy fiber in a bent position according to the invention
  • FIG. 2B depicts a fabric with an adjustable surface area including at least two shape memory alloy fibers in a bent position according to the invention
  • FIG. 2C depicts an alternate embodiment of a fabric with an adjustable surface area including at least one shape memory alloy according to the invention
  • FIG. 3A depicts the fabric of FIG. 1A with the at least one shape memory alloy fiber in an extended position according to the invention
  • FIG. 3B depicts the fabric of FIG. 1B with the at least two shape memory alloy fibers in an extended position according to the invention
  • FIG. 4A depicts an enlarged view of box A of the fabric of FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 4B depicts an enlarged view of box A of the fabric of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 5A depicts a shape memory alloy fiber that is circular in cross-section
  • FIG. 5B depicts a shape memory alloy fiber that is elliptical in cross section
  • FIG. 5C depicts a shape memory alloy fiber that is rectangular in cross section
  • FIG. 6A depicts a garment with a selectively adjustable shape including at least one shape memory alloy fiber in a bent position according to the invention
  • FIG. 6B depicts a section of the garment of FIG. 6A formed of a fabric with an adjustable shape including at least one shape memory alloy fibers in a bent position according to the invention
  • FIG. 6C depicts an alternate embodiment of the garment of FIG. 6A formed of a fabric with an adjustable shape including at least two shape memory alloy fibers according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 depicts the section of the garment of FIG. 6A shown in FIG. 6C with the at least two shape memory alloy fibers in an extended position according to the invention
  • FIG. 8A depicts an enlarged view of box A of the garment of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 8B depicts an enlarged view of box A of the fabric of FIG. 6B ;
  • FIG. 9 depicts a shirt according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a sock according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 depicts a skirt according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 depicts a pair of pants according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 depicts a necktie according to the invention
  • FIG. 14 depicts a dress according to the invention
  • FIG. 15 depicts a brassier according to the invention
  • FIG. 16 depicts an undergarment according to the invention.
  • FIG. 17 depicts a hat according to the invention.
  • FIG. 18A depicts a glove according to the invention
  • FIG. 18B depicts a mitten according to the invention
  • FIG. 19 depicts a shoe according to the invention.
  • FIG. 20 depicts a bag according to the invention
  • FIG. 21 depicts a garment formed from a fabric with an adjustable surface contour including at least one shape memory alloy fiber in a bent position according to the invention
  • FIG. 22 depicts a closer view of area I of FIG. 21 including adjustable contour areas in a spiral pattern
  • FIG. 23 depicts a 90 degree rotated side view of FIG. 22 when the contour is selected to be relatively flat;
  • FIG. 24 depicts a 90 degree rotated side view of FIG. 22 when the contour is selected to include raised portions
  • FIG. 25 depicts the fabric with the at least one shape memory alloy fiber in a bent position according to the invention.
  • FIG. 26 depicts a closer view of area I of FIG. 21 including adjustable contour areas in an arched pattern
  • FIG. 27 depicts a 90 degree rotated side view of FIG. 26 when the contour is selected to include raised portions
  • FIG. 28 depicts a closer view of area I of FIG. 21 including adjustable contour areas in a bulls-eye pattern
  • FIG. 29 depicts a 90 degree rotated side view of FIG. 28 when the contour is selected to include raised portions
  • FIG. 30 depicts a sock with at least one adjustable contour portion
  • FIG. 31 depicts a brassiere with at least one adjustable contour portion
  • FIG. 32 depicts an undergarment with at least one adjustable contour portion
  • FIG. 33 depicts a shoe insole with at least one adjustable contour portion.
  • the proposed fabric and method provide for a fabric with an adjustable surface area
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a preferred embodiment of a fabric 1 with an adjustable surface area
  • Fabric 1 is formed of interwoven textile fibers (not shown) and at least one shape memory alloy fiber 40 .
  • shape memory alloy fibers 40 are incorporated in a sinusoidal pattern in the plane of fabric 1 .
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 40 are connected to a current generator 100 either in series, parallel, or are individually addressable.
  • Current generator 100 passes current to at least one of the shape memory alloy fibers 40 causing it to bend.
  • Current generator 100 can be a battery or any other known means for generating current.
  • current generator 100 can also include a current regulator for altering the current. This may desirable once the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 40 bends to a selected maximum.
  • a current regulator can be used to control the surface area of fabric 1 , e.g., altering the surface area according to pre-selected settings that correspond to different amounts of current. In this configuration, a user can alter the surface area incrementally according to various current settings.
  • FIG. 3A depicts fabric 1 of FIG. 2A when current generator 100 stops passing current to either shape memory alloy fiber 40 .
  • Each bent portion of shape memory alloy fiber 40 straightens out.
  • fabric 1 has a larger surface area than in the bent position depicted in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3A is not drawn precisely to scale and that the straightened position need not be perfectly straight, but can contain a multitude of bends slighter than the bends in the bent position.
  • Fabric 1 is partly formed of interwoven textile fibers 60 , as shown in FIG. 4A which is an expanded view of section A of FIG. 3A .
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 40 is woven amidst fibers 60 to form an additional part of fabric 1 .
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 40 can be coated with an insulating material to provide electrical or heat insulation when it receives current from current generator 100 .
  • no current is passed through shape memory alloy fiber 40 .
  • textile fibers 60 are spaced apart according to their weave or according to the mechanical resistance provided by straightened shape memory alloy fiber 40 .
  • FIG. 4B depicts shape memory alloy fiber 40 in a bent position (e.g., receiving current from current generator 100 ). In this position, the bending of shape memory alloy fiber 40 displaces textile fibers 60 . This reduces the surface area of fabric 1 by some distance d. Textile fibers 60 are selected and/or configured to adapt to the change in shape memory alloy fibers 40 either by flexing, physically shifting, or otherwise changing position. As an example, in FIG. 4B , textile fibers 60 can be loosely woven such that when current generator 100 passes current through shape memory alloy fiber 40 , individual fibers 60 shift their position within the weave thereby making the weave looser or tighter and thus reducing the surface area of fabric 1 . In the straightened position (i.e., FIG. 4A ) textile fibers 6 are forced apart, thereby increasing the surface area of fabric 1 . Textile fibers 60 may also be formed of an elastic material.
  • shape memory alloy fiber 40 may be physically connected to individual textile fibers 60 to enhance the effect of changing from the bent to the straightened position.
  • This physical connection can include, for example, knotting or tying, or an adhesive commonly known in the art If an insulator covers shape memory alloy fiber 40 , textile fibers 60 can be attached to the insulator, as well.
  • the entire length of shape memory alloy fiber 40 may be composed of small sections of shape memory alloy fiber, each with a slightly different bend angle to produce the sinusoidal pattern.
  • each section will bend slightly differently in response to the same current.
  • a first portion a in FIG. 2A may have a first bend angle (e.g., a first bent position) which forms part of the sinusoid
  • a second portion ⁇ may have a second bend angle (e.g., a second bent position) which forms an opposite bend. This provides the sinusoidal pattern of shape memory alloy fiber 40 in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2B depicts a fabric 1 where horizontal shape memory alloy fiber 40 is woven along with vertical shape memory alloy fibers 50 . If current generator 100 individually addresses each shape memory alloy fiber (i.e., 40 and/or 50 ), the surface area of fabric 1 can be selectively increased vertically, horizontally, or both vertically and horizontally as shown in FIG. 3B .
  • FIG. 2C depicts a fabric 1 with a shape memory alloy fiber 40 in a fishbone configuration. Sections of shape memory alloy 40 can be generated to bend toward one another, away from one another, or in any other way to affect the surface area of fabric 1 upon receiving current.
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 40 can be circular, elliptical, or rectangular in cross-section, as depicted in FIGS. 5A, 5B , and 5 C, respectively.
  • FIG. 5A additionally depicts insulating layer 400 circumscribing shape memory alloy fiber 40 .
  • Fabric 1 can be manufactured by any known means of weaving textiles to generate fabrics.
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 40 can be woven amongst the textile fibers 60 in a specific pattern as previously recited.
  • the shape memory alloy fibers 40 can be connected to a source for passing current through the shape memory alloy fibers 40 either by, for example, connections woven into the fabric 1 , as is known in the prior art, or by connections arranged outside the weave of fabric 1 .
  • Current generator 100 controls the current passing through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 40 such that the surface area of the fabric is adjusted.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a preferred embodiment of a garment 100 with a selectively adjustable shape.
  • Garment 100 is a shirt Garment 100 includes at least one adjustable portion 200 , 210 , 220 .
  • An adjustable portion consists of at least one shape memory alloy fiber woven among textile fibers to render at least one portion 200 , 210 , 220 of the garment 100 adjustable.
  • garment 1 includes an adjustable collar 200 , an adjustable sleeve 210 and an adjustable torso area 220 .
  • Each adjustable portion 200 , 210 , 220 is formed of at least one shape memory alloy which, in changing from a bent position to a straight position, adjusts the adjustable portion's 200 , 210 , 220 surface area.
  • the fabric from which garment 100 is formed consists of interwoven textile fibers (not shown) and at least one shape memory alloy fiber.
  • shape memory alloy fibers are incorporated in specific patterns depending upon their location in garment 100 .
  • shape memory alloy fiber 230 in adjustable collar portion 200 is formed in the plane of fabric 100 in a sinusoidal pattern.
  • the exact pattern of shape memory alloy fiber 230 can be selected to correspond to the different requirements of different adjustable portions.
  • the pattern of shape memory alloy 230 in sleeve adjustable portion 210 may differ from the pattern in adjustable collar portion 200 .
  • Any portion of garment 100 which contains an appendage or portion of a wearer's body can contain an adjustable portion. Further, portions of garment 100 that do not contain an appendage can also contain an adjustable portion.
  • multiple shape memory alloy fibers may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • garment 100 includes adjustable torso area 220 which is formed of multiple shape memory alloy fibers in parallel.
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 230 are connected to a current generator 250 either in series, parallel, or are individually addressable.
  • Current generator 250 passes current to at least one of the shape memory alloy fibers 230 causing it to bend.
  • Current generator 250 can be a battery or any other known means for generating current.
  • current generator 250 can also include a current regulator for altering the current. This may desirable once the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 bends to a selected maximum. This prevents over-bending of shape memory alloy fibers 230 which can lead to breakage or ineffective long-term use.
  • a current regulator can be used to control the adjustable area, e.g., altering the surface area according to pre-selected settings that correspond to different amounts of current. In this configuration, a wearer of garment 100 can alter the adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 incrementally according to various current settings and desired sizes.
  • FIG. 6B depicts a small section of garment 100 of FIG. 6A .
  • current generator 250 stops passing current to shape memory alloy fibers 230 , for example in adjustable collar portion 200 .
  • the bent portions will straighten out as in FIG. 8 .
  • the adjustable portion of garment 100 has a larger surface area than in the bent position depicted in FIG. 6A .
  • FIG. 8 is not drawn precisely to scale and that the straightened position need not be perfectly straight, but can contain a multitude of bends slighter than the bends in the bent position.
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 230 can be selected to have either a one-way or two-way memory effect. In the case of a one-way memory effect, the shape memory alloy fiber 230 is mechanically deformed, and the deformation is reversed again by heating the deformed shape memory alloy fiber 230 above a given temperature. Cooling of the shape memory alloy fiber 230 does not lead to any further changes in shape. The temperature above which shape memory alloy fiber 230 deforms depends on the material properties of the material from which it is composed.
  • a garment 100 including adjustable portions 200 , 21 0 , 220 that include one-way memory effect shape memory alloy fibers 230 are useful for one time adjustments in the shape and/or size. For example, garments can be mass-produced and sold in a single size.
  • the wearer can specifically heat at least one adjustable portion 200 , 210 , 220 of garment 100 to achieve a desired customized irreversible fit.
  • the current generator 250 can then be disposed.
  • the material from which shape memory alloy fiber 230 is composed can be selected such that a wearer's body temperature effects the one-way deformation.
  • adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 will adjust until a the resistance of the body of the wearer overcomes the mechanical deformation.
  • garment 100 will irreversible self-customize to the body of a wearer.
  • garment 100 can contain adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 that are each reversibly customized to the desired fit of the wearer.
  • a single garment can be worn by multiple wearers and adjusted as desired, or as prescribed by pre-set setting in current generator 250 .
  • Garment 100 is partly formed of interwoven textile fibers 60 , as shown in FIG. 8 b which is an expanded view of section A of FIG. 6B .
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 230 is woven amidst fibers 600 to form an adjustable portion of garment 100 .
  • Shape memory alloy fiber 230 can be coated with an insulating material to provide electrical or heat insulation when it receives current from current generator 250 .
  • FIG. 8A no current is passed through shape memory alloy fiber 230 .
  • textile fibers 600 are spaced apart according to their weave or according to the mechanical resistance provided by straightened shape memory alloy fiber 230 , or by some other means.
  • FIG. 8B depicts shape memory alloy fiber 230 in a bent position (e.g., receiving current from current generator 250 ). In this position, the bending of shape memory alloy fiber 230 displaces textile fibers 600 . This reduces the surface area of the adjustable portion of garment 100 by some distance d. Textile fibers 600 are selected and/or configured to adapt to the change in shape memory alloy fibers 230 either by flexing, physically shifting, or otherwise changing position. As an example, in FIG. 8B , textile fibers 600 can be loosely woven such that when current generator 250 passes current through shape memory alloy fiber 230 , individual fibers 600 shift their position within the weave thereby making the weave looser or tighter and thus reducing the surface area of the adjustable portion of garment 100 . In the straightened position (i.e., FIG. 8A ) textile fibers 600 are forced apart, thereby increasing the surface area of the adjustable portion of garment 1 . Textile fibers 600 may also be formed of an elastic material.
  • shape memory alloy fiber 230 may be physically connected to individual textile fibers 600 to enhance the effect of changing from the bent to the straightened position.
  • This physical connection can include, for example, knotting or tying, or an adhesive commonly known in the art. If an insulator covers shape memory alloy fiber 230 , textile fibers 600 can be attached to the insulator, as well.
  • the entire length of shape memory alloy fiber 230 may be composed of small sections of shape memory alloy fiber, each with a slightly different bend angle to produce the sinusoidal pattern.
  • each section will bend slightly differently in response to the same current.
  • a first portion in FIG. 6B may have a first bend angle (e.g., a first bent position) which forms part of the sinusoid
  • a second portion may have a second bend angle (e.g., a second bent position) which forms an opposite bend. This provides the sinusoidal pattern of shape memory alloy fiber 230 in FIG. 6A .
  • FIG. 6C depicts a garment 100 including an adjustable portion where horizontal shape memory alloy fiber 230 is woven along with vertical shape memory alloy fibers 330 . If current generator 250 individually addresses each shape memory alloy fiber (i.e., 230 and/or 330 ), the surface area of the adjustable portion of garment 100 can be selectively increased vertically, horizontally, or both vertically and horizontally as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • Garment 100 can be manufactured by any known means of weaving textiles to generate fabrics that are patterned to and connected together to generate garments.
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 230 can be woven amongst the textile fibers 60 in a specific pattern as previously recited.
  • the shape memory alloy fibers 230 can be connected to a source for passing current through the shape memory alloy fibers 230 either by, for example, connections woven into the fabric, as is known in the prior art, or by connections arranged outside the weave of the fabric.
  • Current generator 250 controls the current passing through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 such that the surface area of the adjustable portion of garment 100 is adjusted.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a shirt 608 including adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 , and 610 .
  • Adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 , and 610 are formed from a pattern of specifically adjustable sections which together comprise a means for fitting the garment to the body of a wearer.
  • adjustable sleeve portion 210 is formed of sections 210 a , 210 b , 210 c each of which is independently addressable by current generator 250 and contains at least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 .
  • Adjustable sleeve portion 210 can be adjusted incrementally by selecting an adjustment of, for example, only sections 210 a and 210 b .
  • adjustable collar portion 200 includes sections 200 a , 200 b , 200 c , 200 d , and 200 e
  • adjustable torso portion 220 includes sections 220 a , 220 b , 220 c , 220 d , and 220 e
  • adjustable waist portion 610 includes sections 610 a , 610 b , and 610 c . Any number of individually addressable sections can form an adjustable portion 200 , 210 , 220 , and 610 .
  • a grouping of individually addressable sections can be affected in a pre-selected configuration.
  • current generator 250 can be programmed to only adjust adjustable portions 200 , 210 , 220 , and 610 in sections 200 a , 200 c , 200 e , 210 a , 220 d , 220 e , and 610 c .
  • a wearer can program the adjustments themselves using a programming device included in current generator 250 .
  • pre-set sizes can be programmed into current generator 250 whereby a wearer can select a specific size (i.e., small, medium, large, extra-large) and corresponding sections will adjust accordingly.
  • Garment 100 can also be a sock 700 , as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • Sock 700 can have adjustable portions 710 , 720 , 730 each of which contains at least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 .
  • sock 700 can include a connection means 750 for connecting sock 700 to an external current generator which may be located in a separate garment.
  • Connection means 250 can be any known means of forming an electrical connection between electronics incorporated in fabrics.
  • Garment 1 can also be a skirt 800 as depicted in FIG. 11 .
  • Skirt 800 includes adjustable portions 810 , 820 , 830 , and 840 .
  • Adjustable waist portion 810 is formed of sections 810 a - 810 d .
  • Adjustable length portion 810 can include at least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 which traverses at least a portion of the length of skirt 800 .
  • garment 100 can be generated to contain both adjustable portions formed from sections (e.g., 81 a - 81 d ) and adjustable portions formed without sections.
  • Skirt 80 also includes slit 870 . Passing current through a shape memory alloy fiber 230 included in adjustable slit portion 840 effects an alteration in the size, shape, and/or width of slit 870 .
  • Skirt 800 can include a current generator 250 or be connected to an external current source.
  • Garment 100 can also be a pair of pants 900 as depicted in FIG. 12 .
  • Pants 90 include adjustable portions 910 , 920 , and 930 .
  • Adjustable waist portion 910 includes sections 910 a - 910 g .
  • section 910 d can be substantially larger than sections 910 a - 910 c and 910 e - 910 g . This is because this section of adjustable portion 910 is the most convenient to the entry and exit of a wearer's appendages. However, section 910 d can be found anywhere around the circumference of pants 900 .
  • Pants 900 also include two current generators 250 a and 250 b , each of which can generate current to different adjustable portions 930 .
  • Garment 100 can also be a necktie 1000 as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Necktie 1000 can include adjustable portions 1010 and 1020 .
  • Adjustable portion 1010 includes sections 1010 a - 1010 d .
  • necktie 1000 can include electrical connection 1030 which will contact an electrical connect on an underside surface or by any other known means of electrically connecting two garments.
  • Garment 100 can also be a dress 1100 as shown in FIG. 14 .
  • Dress 1100 includes adjustable portions 1110 , 1120 , 1130 , 1140 , 1150 , and 1160 .
  • Adjustable neck aperture 1110 includes sections 1110 a - 1110 e .
  • Adjustable sleeve portion 1120 includes sections 1120 a - 1120 c .
  • Adjustable torso portion 1130 includes sections 1130 a - 1130 f .
  • Adjustable waist portion 1140 includes sections 1140 a - 1140 c .
  • the skirt portion of dress 1100 includes length adjustable portions 1150 and circumference adjustable portions 1160 .
  • Garment 100 can also be a brassiere 1200 as depicted in FIG. 15 .
  • Brassiere 1200 includes adjustable portions 1210 , 1220 , 1230 , and 1240 .
  • Adjustable undercup portion 1210 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the underwire support of a breast when current is passed through a shape memory alloy fiber 230 in adjustable undercup portion 1210 .
  • Adjustable cup shape 1220 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the conical cup shape to alter the fit around a human breast when current is passed through a shape memory alloy fiber 230 .
  • At least one shape memory alloy fiber 230 can be configured in a spiral pattern whereby passing current alters the contour of adjustable cup portion 1220 .
  • Adjustable strap portion 1230 can be generated to allow a wearer alter the strap length and shape.
  • Adjustable strap portion 1240 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the strap circumference.
  • brassiere 1200 includes a connection means 1250 for connecting the shape memory alloy fibers in adjustable portions 1210 - 1240 to a current generator. Additionally, brassiere 1200 can contain a separate current generator (not shown).
  • Garment 100 can also be an undergarment 1300 as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • Undergarment 1300 includes adjustable portions 1310 , 1320 , and 1330 .
  • Garment 100 can also be a hat 1400 as shown in FIG. 17 .
  • Hat 1400 includes adjustable portions 1410 and 1420 .
  • Adjustable portion 1420 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the fit of hat 1400 .
  • Adjustable portion 1420 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the hat size of hat 1400 .
  • Garment 100 can also be a glove 1500 or a mitten 1519 as depicted in FIGS. 18A and 18B , respectively.
  • Glove 1500 includes finger adjustable portions 152 and wrist adjustable portion 1530 .
  • Mitten 1510 includes adjustable finger shape portion 1540 and adjustable thumb portion 1550 .
  • Garment 100 can also be a shoe 1600 as shown in FIG. 19 .
  • Shoe 1600 includes adjustable tarsus portion 1610 and adjustable ankle portion 1630 .
  • Adjustable tarsus portion 1610 can be generated to allow a wearer to adjust the curvature of the portion of shoe 1600 covering the tarsus of the wearer's foot.
  • Shoe 1600 additionally may contain a current generator 250 which many be embedded in the heel of shoe 1600 or contain a generator which generates current from the mechanical motion of walking.
  • shoe 1600 can contain electrical connection 1640 which connects the shape memory alloy fibers 230 in adjustable portions 1610 , 1630 of shoe 1600 to an external current generator.
  • Garment 100 can also be a bag 1700 as depicted in FIG. 20 .
  • Bag 1700 can contain adjustable strap portion 1720 and adjustable closure portion 1710 .
  • Garment 100 can also be any of the following: a pair of shorts, a scarf, a boot, a jacket, a coat, a sandal, a slipper, a headband, a belt, a sport coat, a suit, nightclothes, hosiery, means for collecting hair, a backpack, a purse, a briefcase, a handbag, suspenders, a vest, a wristband, a shoelace, a wig, or any other known article of clothing.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a garment formed of fabric 1 with an adjustable surface contour.
  • Fabric 1 is formed of a fabric (i.e., portion 1 ) that includes interwoven textile fibers (not shown) and at least one shape memory alloy fiber 2100 .
  • FIG. 22 depicts an enlarged view of portion I of FIG. 21 .
  • shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are incorporated in a spiral pattern in the plane of the fabric.
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are connected to a current generator 250 either in series, parallel, or are individually addressable.
  • Current generator 250 passes current to at least one of the shape memory alloy fibers 2100 causing it to bend. Based upon the shape of the spiral pattern, this will cause the bending to adjust the contour of the fabric outside the plane of the remaining flat portions.
  • FIG. 23 shows a side view of FIG. 22 when none of the shape memory alloy fibers 2100 receive current.
  • current generator 250 does pass current to shape memory alloy fibers 2100 , bending occurs. Due to the spiral pattern of shape memory alloy fibers 2100 , this causes areas 2101 to rise outside the plane of the fabric, as shown in FIG. 24 .
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are woven among textile fibers in a spiral pattern such that they will bend and adjust the contour of a fabric upon receiving current.
  • Current generator 250 can be a battery or any other known means for generating current.
  • current generator 250 can also include a current regulator for altering the current. This may desirable once the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 2100 bends to a selected maximum. This prevents over-bending of shape memory alloy fibers 2100 which can lead to breakage or ineffective long-term use.
  • a current regulator can be used to control the surface area of fabric 1 , e.g., altering the surface area according to pre-selected settings that correspond to different amounts of current. In this configuration, a user can alter the surface area incrementally according to various current settings.
  • FIG. 6 depicts fabric 1 of FIG. 5 when current generator 25 passes current to shape memory alloy fiber 40 . At least some of the bent portions of shape memory alloy fiber 40 straighten out. In this position, fabric 1 has an adjusted contour than in the bent position. Note that FIG. 6 is not drawn precisely to scale and that the straightened position need not be perfectly straight, but can contain a multitude of bends slighter than the bends in the bent position.
  • FIG. 25 depicts shape memory alloy fiber 2100 in a bent position (e.g., receiving current from current generator 250 ). In this position, the straightening of shape memory alloy fiber 2100 displaces textile fibers 2102 . This adjusts the surface contour of fabric 1 , causing raised areas 2101 Textile fibers 2102 are selected and/or configured to adapt to the change in shape memory alloy fibers 2100 either by flexing, physically shifting, or otherwise changing position.
  • textile fibers 2102 can be loosely woven such that when current generator 250 passes current through shape memory alloy fiber 2100 , individual fibers 2102 shift their position within the weave thereby making the weave looser or tighter and thus reducing the surface area of fabric 1 .
  • textile fibers 2102 are moved, thereby adjusting the surface contour of fabric 1 .
  • Textile fibers 2102 may also be formed of an elastic material.
  • shape memory alloy fiber 2100 may be physically connected to individual textile fibers 2102 to enhance the effect of changing from the bent to the straightened position.
  • This physical connection can include, for example, knotting or tying, or an adhesive commonly known in the art. If an insulator covers shape memory alloy fiber 2100 , textile fibers 2102 can be attached to the insulator, as well.
  • FIG. 26 depicts a closer view of area I of FIG. 21 including adjustable contour areas in an arched pattern.
  • shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are woven among textile fibers to form contour adjustable areas 2103 .
  • Each contour adjustable area 2103 is individually addressable by current generator 250 .
  • shape memory alloy fiber 2100 in adjustable area 2103 bends to form an arch.
  • the arches cause adjustable area 2103 to form a raised contour 2104 as shown in FIG. 27 .
  • FIG. 28 depicts a closer view of area I of FIG. 21 including adjustable contour areas in a bulls-eye pattern.
  • shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are woven among textile fibers to form contour adjustable areas 2105 .
  • Each contour adjustable area 2105 is individually addressable by current generator 250 .
  • shape memory alloy fiber 2100 in adjustable area 2105 bends. This causes an elliptical or circular ring 2106 to raise.
  • rings 2106 and 2107 are raised by shape memory alloy fibers 2100 , they cause adjustable area 2105 to form a raised contour 2108 as shown in FIG. 29 .
  • Fabric 1 can be manufactured by any known means of weaving textiles to generate fabrics.
  • Shape memory alloy fibers 2100 can be woven amongst the textile fibers in a specific pattern as previously recited.
  • the shape memory alloy fibers 2100 can be connected to a source for passing current through the shape memory alloy fibers 2100 either by, for example, connections woven into the fabric 1 , as is known in the prior art, or by connections arranged outside the weave of fabric 1 .
  • Current generator 250 controls the current passing through the at least one shape memory alloy fiber 2100 such that the surface area of the fabric is adjusted.
  • Fabric 1 can form a garment such as a sock 2130 , as shown in FIG. 30 .
  • Sock 2130 can have an adjustable portion such as adjustable contour foot area 2131 .
  • Adjustable contour foot area 2131 contains at least one shape memory alloy fiber 2100 woven amongst the textiles (not shown) in a spiral pattern.
  • sock 2130 can include a connection means 2132 for connecting sock 2130 to an external current generator which may be located in a separate garment.
  • Connection means 2132 can be any known means of forming an electrical connection between electronics incorporated in fabrics.
  • Fabric 1 can also form a brassiere 2140 as depicted in FIG. 31 .
  • Brassiere 2140 includes adjustable portion 2141 .
  • Adjustable contour cup portion 2141 can be generated to allow a wearer to alter the conical cup shape to alter the fit around a human breast when current is passed through a shape memory alloy fiber 2100 .
  • At least one shape memory alloy fiber 2100 can be configured in a spiral pattern whereby passing current alters the contour of adjustable cup portion 2141 .
  • brassiere 2140 includes a connection means 2142 for connecting the shape memory alloy fibers in adjustable portions 2141 to a current generator.
  • brassiere 2140 can contain a separate current generator (not shown).
  • Fabric 1 can also form an undergarment 2150 as shown in FIG. 32 .
  • Undergarment 2150 includes adjustable contour portions 2151 .
  • Fabric 1 can also form a shoe insole 2160 as shown in FIG. 33 .
  • Shoe insole 2160 includes adjustable contour areas in an arched pattern. In this configuration, shape memory alloy fibers 2100 are woven among textile fibers to form contour adjustable areas 2161 .
  • Each contour adjustable area 2161 is individually addressable by current generator 250 . When a contour adjustable area 2161 is addressed and receives current it alter the contour of the fabric 1 under a wearer's foot. This can be employed to provide a massaging effect on a wearer to increase circulation and well-being.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
US10/572,156 2003-11-07 2004-11-04 Controllable surface area fabric Abandoned US20070042660A1 (en)

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US51818503P 2003-11-07 2003-11-07
US53637804P 2004-01-14 2004-01-14
US53637704P 2004-01-14 2004-01-14
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US10/572,156 US20070042660A1 (en) 2003-11-07 2004-11-04 Controllable surface area fabric

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US20130074291A1 (en) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-28 Leilani Ozzard Ornamental pin fastener for garments
US20160120243A1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2016-05-05 Manfred Matzel Massage Glove for Hairdressing
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US20180249772A1 (en) * 2015-08-25 2018-09-06 The Regents Of The University Of California Transformable clothing
US20170318881A1 (en) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-09 Arthrex, Inc. Shape memory material garments
US20180310659A1 (en) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-01 Google Llc Connector Integration for Smart Clothing
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EP3511454A1 (en) * 2018-01-12 2019-07-17 Intelligence Textile Technology Co., Ltd. Temperature control based memory textile and wearable object using the same
US11559092B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2023-01-24 Nike, Inc. Apparel with dynamic vent structure
WO2022074203A1 (en) 2020-10-08 2022-04-14 Nano Textile Solutions Ab Size-adjustable woven fabric, wearable item and methods of resizing a fabric
US20220287387A1 (en) * 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 William J. Birgen Garment Pump
WO2022207351A1 (en) * 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Sony Group Corporation Shape morphing fabrics and adaptive fabrics comprising compressible fibers

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KR20060122837A (ko) 2006-11-30

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