US20060216970A1 - Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same - Google Patents

Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060216970A1
US20060216970A1 US10/907,297 US90729705A US2006216970A1 US 20060216970 A1 US20060216970 A1 US 20060216970A1 US 90729705 A US90729705 A US 90729705A US 2006216970 A1 US2006216970 A1 US 2006216970A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
elongate member
terminal
electrical
aperture
connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/907,297
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English (en)
Inventor
Slobadan Pavlovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lear Corp
Original Assignee
Lear Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lear Corp filed Critical Lear Corp
Priority to US10/907,297 priority Critical patent/US20060216970A1/en
Assigned to LEAR CORPORATION reassignment LEAR CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PAVLOVIC, SLOBADAN
Priority to DE102006013506A priority patent/DE102006013506B4/de
Priority to GB0606146A priority patent/GB2424771C/en
Publication of US20060216970A1 publication Critical patent/US20060216970A1/en
Priority to US11/624,409 priority patent/US7458828B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
    • H01R43/0256Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections for soldering or welding connectors to a printed circuit board
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H01R13/405Securing in non-demountable manner, e.g. moulding, riveting
    • H01R13/41Securing in non-demountable manner, e.g. moulding, riveting by frictional grip in grommet, panel or base
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/02Soldered or welded connections
    • H01R4/028Soldered or welded connections comprising means for preventing flowing or wicking of solder or flux in parts not desired
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/30Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
    • H05K3/32Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
    • H05K3/34Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
    • H05K3/341Surface mounted components
    • H05K3/3421Leaded components
    • H05K3/3426Leaded components characterised by the leads
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/02Soldered or welded connections
    • H01R4/023Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10007Types of components
    • H05K2201/10189Non-printed connector
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10613Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
    • H05K2201/10742Details of leads
    • H05K2201/1075Shape details
    • H05K2201/10757Bent leads
    • H05K2201/10772Leads of a surface mounted component bent for providing a gap between the lead and the pad during soldering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10613Details of electrical connections of non-printed components, e.g. special leads
    • H05K2201/10742Details of leads
    • H05K2201/1075Shape details
    • H05K2201/1084Notched leads
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical connector terminal, and a method of producing such a terminal.
  • PC boards printed circuit boards
  • wire leads that were inserted into holes in the PC board.
  • through-hole technology, the wire leads from the electronic component extended completely through the PC board. This made it difficult, if not impossible, to use both sides of the PC board for different circuits.
  • SMT surface mount technology
  • the present invention provides a terminal for an SMT connector having a geometric configuration that helps to ensure a strong connection to a PC board despite surface tension in a liquid solder used to connect it.
  • the invention also provides a blade terminal for a surface mount electrical connector which includes a terminal body including a first portion configured to cooperate with a housing of the electrical connector for securing the terminal body to the connector housing.
  • the terminal body further includes a second portion in electrical communication with the first portion.
  • the second portion includes an aperture therethrough configured to receive an electrically conductive material therein. This facilitates an electrical connection between the second portion and a surface of an electrical board.
  • the invention further provides a header connector for an electrical box in a vehicle.
  • the electrical box includes an electrical board.
  • the connector includes a connector housing configured to receive an in-line connector attached to a wiring harness for electrically connecting the electrical box to the wiring harness.
  • the connector also includes a blade terminal including first and second elongate members in electrical communication with each other.
  • the first elongate member is configured to cooperate with the connector housing for securing the first elongate member to the connector housing.
  • the second elongate member includes an aperture therethrough for receiving at least partially melted solder therein. This facilitates an electrical connection between the second elongate member and a surface of the electrical board.
  • the invention also provides a method for producing a blade terminal for a surface mount electrical connector.
  • the method includes forming a first elongate member capable of cooperating with a housing of the electrical connector for securing the first elongate member to the connector housing.
  • a second elongate member is formed, and is configured for electrical connection to the first elongate member.
  • An aperture is formed through the second elongate member for receiving an electrically conductive material therein. This facilitates an electrical connection between the second elongate member and a surface of an electrical board.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electrical connector including blade terminals in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2A is a front plan view of a power distribution box for a vehicle that includes the electrical connector shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2B is a perspective view of an in-line connector configured to mate with the connector shown in FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the underside of the connector shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a blade terminal used in the connector shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a side plan view of the blade terminal shown in FIG. 4 , connected to a portion of a PC board;
  • FIG. 5A is a detail view of a portion of the connection between the terminal and PC board shown in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an SMT connector 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the connector 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a header connector that can used in an electrical box 12 —see FIG. 2B —such as might be used in a vehicle.
  • the electrical box 12 could, for example, be a power distribution box, or a junction box.
  • the electrical box 12 includes a number of electronic components 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 which are attached to a PC board 24 .
  • an in-line connector 26 can be used to connect the header connector 10 to various systems within the vehicle via a wiring harness 28 .
  • the header connector 10 includes a connector housing 30 and a number of electrical terminals 32 , 34 , 36 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the underside of the connector 10 including portions of the various electrical terminals that will connect to a PC board, such as the PC board 24 shown in FIG. 2A .
  • each of the terminals 32 (two on each side of the connector 10 ) and the terminals 34 (five on each side of the connector 10 ) are blade terminals configured to facilitate surface mounting of the connector 10 to a PC board, such as the PC board 24 .
  • the terminals 36 are through-hole terminals which are configured to be located within holes in a PC board, such as the PC board 24 .
  • a connector such as the connector 10
  • the through-hole terminals can be beneficial, however, in that they can be used to help position a connector on a PC board. Moreover, if only a small number of through-hole terminals are used, this still leaves most of the opposite side of a PC board available for use in the creation of another circuit.
  • FIG. 4 shows one of the blade terminals 32 that can be used with a connector, such as the connector 10 .
  • the blade terminal 32 includes a terminal body 38 which has a first portion, or first elongate member 40 , and a second portion, or second elongate member 42 .
  • the first and second elongate members 40 , 42 form a unitary structure.
  • the first and second elongate members 40 , 42 can be formed in a single stamping operation from a single piece of electrically conductive material, such as a copper alloy.
  • the first elongate member 40 includes barbs 44 that are configured to cooperate with the connector housing 30 to secure the terminal body 38 to the connector housing 30 . It may be convenient to manufacture the connector housing 30 from any of the number of engineering polymers which are not electrically conductive, but are strong enough to securely hold a number of terminals, such as the blade terminal 32 .
  • the blade terminals 32 , 34 can be “stitched in” to the connector housing 30 in an automated manufacturing operation that is familiar to those in the art.
  • the first elongate member 40 also includes stops 46 which help to locate the terminal 32 to the proper depth in the connector housing 30 .
  • the second elongate member 42 includes a distal end 48 that is disposed away from the first elongate member 40 .
  • Proximate the distal end 48 is an aperture 50 which goes through the second elongate portion 42 .
  • an aperture such as the aperture 50 , need not be proximate a distal end, and could be located close to the first elongate member 40 .
  • the aperture 50 helps to overcome some of the problems associated with mounting SMT connectors and components to PC boards.
  • SMT connectors and components are often mounted to PC boards using an electrically conductive material, such as solder.
  • the surface tension that exists in liquid solder often inhibits a good connection between the solder and the terminal; this, in turn, inhibits a good electrical connection between the terminal and the PC board.
  • the aperture 50 in the terminal 32 helps to overcome the surface tension in a material such as solder, by drawing the liquid solder up through the aperture 50 and onto an upper surface of the terminal.
  • solder is used as an example, the present invention may also be effective to overcome surface tension in other electrically conductive materials.
  • FIG. 5 This phenomenon is illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the terminal 32 is shown attached to a portion of a PC board 52 .
  • the PC board 52 includes an aperture 54 which can be used, for example, to accommodate a through-hole terminal, such as the terminals 36 shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the connection between the terminal 32 and the PC board 52 is shown in detail in FIG. 5A .
  • a small amount of solder 56 is used to connect the terminal 32 to the PC board 52 .
  • a curved portion 58 Also shown in FIG. 5A , is that near the proximate end 42 of the second elongate member 42 there is a curved portion 58 .
  • the curved portion 58 includes a concave surface 60 and a convex surface 62 .
  • the solder 56 resides on both the concave surface 60 and the convex surface 62 because it has been drawn up through the aperture 50 .
  • a capillary action may occur, whereby the surface tension in the solder is overcome and the solder is drawn up through the aperture 50 to the concave surface 60 .
  • the aperture 50 need not be perfectly round. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5A , a transverse cross section of the aperture 50 may be tapered such that the aperture 50 has a first diameter 64 at the concave surface 60 , and a second diameter 66 at the convex surface 62 that is larger than the first diameter 64 .
  • the shape of the transverse cross section of the aperture 50 will largely depend on how the curved portion 58 of the second elongate member 42 is formed. For example, if the aperture 50 is formed before the curved portion 58 is formed, the forming of the curved portion 58 may distort the otherwise rectangular cross section of the aperture 50 .
  • the aperture 50 and the curved portion 58 both help to facilitate a stronger connection between the terminal 32 and the PC board 52 .
  • the aperture 50 helps to overcome surface tension in the solder by drawing it up through the aperture so that the solder makes contact with both an upper and lower surface of the terminal 32 .
  • the curved portion 58 not only helps to contain the solder 56 in the concave portion 60 , but also helps to locate the terminal 32 on the PC board 52 . Processes for placement of electrical components and connectors, such as the connector 10 , tend to be highly automated. Thus, it is valuable to have reference points that are readily discernable through machine vision and other automated techniques.
  • the aperture 50 is located through the curved portion 58 of the second elongate member 42 , placement of the convex surface 62 over the solder 56 helps to ensure that the aperture 50 will receive the solder as it melts. Discerning a curved portion, such as the curved portion 58 , may be much easier for automated equipment than if the second elongate member 42 was completely flat.
  • the curved portion 58 may also be curved across a width of the second elongate member 42 , thereby creating a generally spherical curved surface which can be easily aligned with a convex and generally spherical surface 68 of the solder 56 .
  • the first and second elongate members 40 , 42 may be formed such that an obtuse angle (A) exists between them. This facilitates enhanced contact between the convex surface 62 and the solder 56 by introducing strain into the terminal 32 as the connector 10 is pressed onto the PC board 52 .
  • the first and second elongate members 40 , 42 can be stamped from a single piece of electrically conductive material in a single operation. It may be necessary, however, to use a secondary operation to form the angle (A) between the first and second elongate member 40 , 42 .
  • the aperture 50 can also be formed substantially simultaneously with the first and second elongate members 40 , 42 in the single operation stamping process.
  • the material used to make the terminal 32 may be coated with another material, as desired.
  • the terminal 32 is made from a copper alloy, it may be desirable to coat it with a material such as tin, or a tin alloy. This can help inhibit surface oxidation which might otherwise occur on the terminal 32 .
  • a coating, such as a tin coating can be applied before or after the aperture 50 is formed. This is because tin has a relatively low melting point, and if it fills the aperture 50 , it will melt away when exposed to the hot solder.
  • the present invention also provides flexibility with regard to manufacturing processes.
  • the shape of the aperture 50 may be altered if the curved portion 58 is formed after the aperture 50 is formed. Despite the alteration of the shape of the aperture 50 , the sequence of this process may be desirable, since the forming of the curved portion 58 can cause a material, such as a copper alloy, to be strain hardened. This would make it more difficult to form the aperture 50 , and require more energy in the manufacturing process. It is worth noting that some blade terminals may be too small to effectively stamp an aperture, such as the aperture 50 . In such a case, a laser or other method could be used to form the aperture. Once they are formed, the terminals 32 can be stitched-in, or otherwise secured to the connector housing 30 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
US10/907,297 2005-03-28 2005-03-28 Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same Abandoned US20060216970A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/907,297 US20060216970A1 (en) 2005-03-28 2005-03-28 Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same
DE102006013506A DE102006013506B4 (de) 2005-03-28 2006-03-23 Elektrischer Steckeranschluss
GB0606146A GB2424771C (en) 2005-03-28 2006-03-28 Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same
US11/624,409 US7458828B2 (en) 2005-03-28 2007-01-18 Electrical connector and method of producing same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/907,297 US20060216970A1 (en) 2005-03-28 2005-03-28 Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/624,409 Division US7458828B2 (en) 2005-03-28 2007-01-18 Electrical connector and method of producing same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060216970A1 true US20060216970A1 (en) 2006-09-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/907,297 Abandoned US20060216970A1 (en) 2005-03-28 2005-03-28 Electrical connector terminal and method of producing same
US11/624,409 Expired - Fee Related US7458828B2 (en) 2005-03-28 2007-01-18 Electrical connector and method of producing same

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/624,409 Expired - Fee Related US7458828B2 (en) 2005-03-28 2007-01-18 Electrical connector and method of producing same

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US (2) US20060216970A1 (de)
DE (1) DE102006013506B4 (de)
GB (1) GB2424771C (de)

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US20070117453A1 (en) * 2005-03-28 2007-05-24 Lear Corporation Electrical connector and method of producing same
WO2008017717A1 (en) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Fci Connector having strongly retained terminals
US20090137134A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-05-28 Chi Mei Communication Systems, Inc. Board to board connector and stack structure for stacking printed circuit boards using board to board connector
US20090291574A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2009-11-26 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Electrical terminal
US20100144172A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2010-06-10 Lear Corporation Electrical connector and heat sink
US8408944B1 (en) 2011-10-31 2013-04-02 Lear Corporation Scalable connection system for parallel wiring circuits
US20150044889A1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited Electrical connector and assembly of the electrical connector and a circuit board
US10236603B2 (en) * 2015-04-22 2019-03-19 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Press-fit terminal
US20200076147A1 (en) * 2018-09-03 2020-03-05 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Terminal, board connector, board with connectorand terminal production method
US10862247B2 (en) * 2019-01-08 2020-12-08 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Inner conductor terminal and shield terminal
US20220102074A1 (en) * 2020-09-29 2022-03-31 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Electronic component and board having the same
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US7976319B2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-07-12 Tyco Electronics Corporation Surface mount electrical connector having flexible solder tails
US8083554B2 (en) * 2009-06-05 2011-12-27 Tyco Electronics Corporation Connector assembly having a unitary housing
JP5589409B2 (ja) * 2010-01-29 2014-09-17 オムロン株式会社 実装部品、電子機器および実装方法
US8197264B1 (en) 2011-03-02 2012-06-12 Lear Corporation Electrical connector
JP2012190558A (ja) * 2011-03-08 2012-10-04 Fujitsu Ltd 表面実装型コネクタ及び基板ユニット
US8480412B2 (en) * 2011-06-21 2013-07-09 Lear Corporation Terminal and connector assembly
US8506336B2 (en) 2011-09-02 2013-08-13 Tyco Electronics Corporation Stamped and formed contact
TWI479742B (zh) * 2012-05-11 2015-04-01 Giga Byte Tech Co Ltd 連接器
DE102012222363A1 (de) * 2012-12-05 2014-06-12 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Steckverbinder und Vorrichtung mit einem solchen Steckverbinder
CN103303148B (zh) * 2013-06-06 2015-12-23 张家港市江南汽车制造有限公司 一种用于增程式电动车直流低压装置的控制设备
CN206532914U (zh) * 2017-01-20 2017-09-29 番禺得意精密电子工业有限公司 电连接器
JP2019114409A (ja) * 2017-12-22 2019-07-11 富士通株式会社 表面実装型コネクタ、及び表面実装基板の製造方法
CN110071390B (zh) * 2018-01-23 2022-07-26 富士康(昆山)电脑接插件有限公司 电连接器及其制造方法

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DE102006013506A1 (de) 2006-10-05
GB2424771A (en) 2006-10-04
US7458828B2 (en) 2008-12-02
GB2424771B (en) 2007-09-26
DE102006013506B4 (de) 2010-03-25
GB0606146D0 (en) 2006-05-10
GB2424771C (en) 2007-10-19
US20070117453A1 (en) 2007-05-24

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