US20060141079A1 - Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals - Google Patents
Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060141079A1 US20060141079A1 US11/358,956 US35895606A US2006141079A1 US 20060141079 A1 US20060141079 A1 US 20060141079A1 US 35895606 A US35895606 A US 35895606A US 2006141079 A1 US2006141079 A1 US 2006141079A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- squash
- onion
- effect
- onion extract
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229940072113 onion extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
- A23L27/105—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained from liliaceae, e.g. onions, garlic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/42—Cucurbitaceae (Cucumber family)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/896—Liliaceae (Lily family), e.g. daylily, plantain lily, Hyacinth or narcissus
- A61K36/8962—Allium, e.g. garden onion, leek, garlic or chives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to supplement foods and pharmaceuticals composed of squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- onion extract has an anti-diabetic effect (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-77232); Yoshimi Saitou, Effects of Onion Concentrated Dried Tablets ( OCDT ) on Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Cases , Rinsho Iyaku (Clinical Medicines), Vol. 17 No. 7, 1089-1095 (2001); Yoshimi Saitou, Effects of Onion Concentrated Dried Tablets ( OCDT ) on Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic Cases , Rinsho Iyaku (Clinical Medicines), Vol. 17 No.
- Hypotensive agents having an ACE inhibitory effect have actions, which include actions of suppressing the new onset of diabetes, and actions of suppressing the onset of complications in diabetic patients (see, for example, Hansson L et al.: Effect of angiotensin - converting - enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension : the Captoril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomized trial, Lancet 353:611, 1999; Yusuf S et al.; Effect of angiotensin - converting - enzyme inhibitor, ramipuril, on cardiovascular events in high - risk patients : The Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators, N. Engl J Med 342:145, 2000).
- CAPPP Captoril Prevention Project
- squash extract mixed with onion extract has excellent ACE inhibitory activity (described later in Examples 1 to 3), and therefore have filed an application entitled, “Supplementary Foods Effective In Reducing Blood Pressure” (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-312459).
- ACE inhibitory activity described later in Examples 1 to 3
- supplement foods containing squash extract mixed with onion extract will have an anti-diabetic effect as well as the hypotensive effect.
- Supplement foods containing squash extract mixed with onion extract may not only be used as supplement foods (processed foods), but also as pharmaceuticals.
- the object of the present invention therefore is to provide more effective supplement foods and safe pharmaceuticals with no adverse effects by means of both the hypotensive effect and anti-diabetic effect.
- the supplement food of the present invention comprises squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- the pharmaceutical of the present invention comprises squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- FIG. 1 shows the changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract;
- FIG. 2 shows the changes of substances related to elevation in blood pressure and hypotensive minerals after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract;
- FIG. 3 shows the correlation between systolic blood pressure and substances related to elevation in blood pressure
- FIG. 4 shows the changes of 2 hour postprandial blood glucose levels and HbA 1c after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract.
- Buffer 450 ml of 50 mM Na 2 B 4 O 7 and 550 ml of 200 mM H 3 BO 3 are mixed and adjusted to pH 8.3.
- Substrate solution 7.6 mM Hip-His-Leu and 608 mM NaCl are dissolved in this buffer solution.
- ACE solution ACE is dissolved in the above buffer (60 mU/ml of activity).
- Ethyl acetate is aspirated and removed in a desiccator. After confirming the complete removal of ethyl acetate, 4 ml of distilled water is added and stirred well to dissolve the hippurate, and absorbance is measured at 228 nm.
- Es is an absorbance when sample solution is added
- Ec is an absorbance when distilled water instead of a sample solution is added
- EB is an absorbance when reacted after adding 1 N hydrochloric acid.
- the concentration of the sample in a reaction solution when an inhibition rate is 50% is defined as the IC50 value.
- Glucose contents of all samples are adjusted to 2.0° Bx before measurement.
- the amount of ingestion per day for squash extract appears to be approximately 3 to 10 g as powder containing 30% extract solid matter.
- hypotensive effect of products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract although its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic patients has not yet been studied.
- Hypoglycemic effect of onion extract alone has already been confirmed, although hypoglycemic effect when mixed with extract of squash extract has not yet been studied.
- the object of the present test is to examine the hypoglycemic effect of the products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract, compared with onion extract alone.
- measurement of substances related to elevation of blood pressure aldosterone, ACE, angiotensin II
- measurement of hypotensive minerals K, Ca, Mg
- measurement of blood glucose and Hb A1C every 4 weeks.
- FIG. 1 The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are shown in FIG. 1 .
- Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly at 4 weeks after beginning administration with the products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract, and subsequently gradually decreased.
- the hypotensive effect was prone to be more significant when the pressure before beginning the administration was higher.
- Concomitant use of hypotensive agents did not seem to be correlated with the effect of the present product.
- angiotensin 11 and ACE were prone to decrease over time, and aldosterone showed virtually no change ( FIG. 2 ).
- Hypotensive minerals Ca, K, and Mg also showed virtually no change ( FIG. 2 ).
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides effective supplement foods and safe pharmaceuticals, each having a hypotensive effect and anti-diabetic effect and no adverse effects. The supplement foods and pharmaceuticals of the present invention comprise squash extract mixed with onion extract. Synergistic effect of the two extracts can be expected by mixing the onion extract with the squash extract.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/978,718 filed on Nov. 1, 2004, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application Serial No. JP2004-58837, filed on Mar. 3, 2004.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to supplement foods and pharmaceuticals composed of squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- It has been conventionally known that onion extract has an anti-diabetic effect (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-77232); Yoshimi Saitou, Effects of Onion Concentrated Dried Tablets (OCDT) on Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Cases, Rinsho Iyaku (Clinical Medicines), Vol. 17 No. 7, 1089-1095 (2001); Yoshimi Saitou, Effects of Onion Concentrated Dried Tablets (OCDT) on Hyperlipidemia in Diabetic Cases, Rinsho Iyaku (Clinical Medicines), Vol. 17 No. 8, 1216-1221 (2001); Kazuhiko Yoshizawa, Yoshitaka Aiso, Clinical Effect of Tamaekisu on Type II Diabetics, Japan Diabetic Society Kanto-Koshinetsu District 41st Lecture Abstract, p. 36 (2004)). It is also known that onion extract has a hypotensive effect (see, for example, Yoshimi Saitou, Effects of Onion Concentrated Dried Tablets (OCDT) on Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Cases, Rinsho Iyaku (Clinical Medicines), Vol. 17 No. 7, 1089-1095 (2001)). The hypotensive effect of squash extract is based on its angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory effect (ACE inhibitory effect). This was discovered by Abe and Kosaka among the inventors, and filed by the applicants (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-312459).
- Hypotensive agents having an ACE inhibitory effect (for example, calcium antagonists) have actions, which include actions of suppressing the new onset of diabetes, and actions of suppressing the onset of complications in diabetic patients (see, for example, Hansson L et al.: Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captoril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomized trial, Lancet 353:611, 1999; Yusuf S et al.; Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipuril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: The Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators, N. Engl J Med 342:145, 2000). Its mechanism of action is to cause an increase in sensitivity to insulin, i.e. the reduced action of insulin resistance has been suggested (see, for example, Tetsuya Shinai, Masatsugu Horiuchi, Angiotensin and Diabetic Complications, Gendai Iyaku (Modern Medicines), Vol. 35 No. 9, (2003)).
- It is said that there are approximately 14 million diabetic patients including potential patients, and about 40% are presumed to be receiving medical drug therapy. However, in the case of medical drug therapy, adverse effects are of concern. The tremendous cost of medical drug therapy is also a problem in view of medical economics.
- It is therefore desirable for patients with mild diabetes or potential patients about to develop diabetes to utilize effective supplement food (processed food) etc., if available, without receiving any medical drug therapy.
- However, currently commercially available processed foods of onion extract such as those seen in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-77232 have not been satisfactory with respect to their effect.
- The present inventors discovered that squash extract mixed with onion extract has excellent ACE inhibitory activity (described later in Examples 1 to 3), and therefore have filed an application entitled, “Supplementary Foods Effective In Reducing Blood Pressure” (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-312459). As mentioned above, since the hypotensive effect based on ACE inhibitory activity also suppresses new onset diabetes, it is expected that supplement foods containing squash extract mixed with onion extract will have an anti-diabetic effect as well as the hypotensive effect. When these supplement foods were administered to diabetic patients with hypertension complications, extremely good performance as described later was obtained.
- Supplement foods containing squash extract mixed with onion extract may not only be used as supplement foods (processed foods), but also as pharmaceuticals.
- The object of the present invention therefore is to provide more effective supplement foods and safe pharmaceuticals with no adverse effects by means of both the hypotensive effect and anti-diabetic effect.
- In order to accomplish the objective, the supplement food of the present invention comprises squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- Further, the pharmaceutical of the present invention comprises squash extract mixed with onion extract.
- Both squash and onion have been consumed by human beings for the past few thousand years as foodstuff. Their safety can well be presumed from this abundant experience in consuming, and they are available as raw material at low costs.
- In addition, as they have been consumed for a long time and their safety is empirically proven as described above, by mixing squash extract powder with onion extract powder, then adding pharmaceutically acceptable additives (for example excipients, surfactants, etc.) as required, safe pharmaceuticals without adverse effects can be prepared.
- By mixing squash extract with onion extract, a synergistic effect of the two extracts is expected, thus providing, for example, supplement foods and pharmaceuticals with combined hypotensive and anti-diabetic effects, which are safe and more effective than onion extract, etc. alone, and have no adverse effects.
-
FIG. 1 shows the changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract; -
FIG. 2 shows the changes of substances related to elevation in blood pressure and hypotensive minerals after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract; -
FIG. 3 shows the correlation between systolic blood pressure and substances related to elevation in blood pressure; and -
FIG. 4 shows the changes of 2 hour postprandial blood glucose levels and HbA1c after the ingestion of the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract. - Preparation examples and samples will now be described.
- Process for Preparing Squash Extract
- (Preprocess)
- First, 78 kg of squash (cultivar Ebisu) was washed with Jet Washer (Arimitsu Industry Co., Ltd., SKY-130II) to remove surface soil, then peeled and deseeded by hand to obtain flesh. The flesh was grinded into a size of few millimeters with a Feather Mill (Hosokawa Micron Corporation, FM-65042) to obtain 56 kg of ground product.
- (Preparation of Squeezed Liquid)
- An equivalent amount of boiling water was prepared in a double-bottom pot, and then the ground product was added to the pot and the mixture was left at 90° C. for 10 minutes. The mixture was placed in a bag of filter fabric and squeezed with oil hydraulic press (Komagata Kikai Seisakusho, KS-3) to obtain 90 kg of squeezed liquid. Soluble solid matter content of this liquid was 5.4%.
- (Preparation of Concentrated Liquid)
- To reduce viscosity, 0.01% by weight of enzyme (Sankyo Co., Ltd., Sucrase N) was added to the squeezed liquid, and the mixture was left at 45° C. for 1 hour and then heated to 90° C. to inactivate the enzyme completely. This liquid was vacuum concentrated under conditions of a heating temperature of 120° C., 160 mmHg, using a concentration pot (Yashima Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd., Type AS) to obtain 13 kg of concentrated liquid. Soluble solid matter content of this liquid was 36%.
- (Preparation of Powder)
- Food grade dextrin (Nissi Co., Ltd., NSD 500) 14 kg was dissolved in 28 kg of hot water, then heated at 95° C. for 20 minutes. The obtained concentrated liquid (13 kg) was added and the mixture was stirred to homogenize at 70° C. until uniform. Then, this was converted into powder using a spray drier (Ohkawara Kakohki Co., Ltd., Type L-12) under conditions of a
blower temperature 150° C. andexhauster temperature 70° C., sieved with 30-mesh to obtain 17.5 kg of squash extract powder. - Process for Preparing Onion Extract
- Ten kg of onions from Hokkaido were washed twice with water, then immediately put in a pot and heated to boil at 100° C. The boiled onions obtained were ground in a feather mill and squeezed with a squeezing apparatus to obtain 9.5 kg of squeezed liquid. Vacuum concentration was carried out using a heating temperature of 92° C., evaporation temperature of 42° C., and pressure of 15 mmHg using a centrifugal-film vacuum concentrator to obtain 0.9 kg of concentrated extract. The constituents distilled off during the vacuum concentration were passed through an activated charcoal layer to be adsorbed thereon. The adsorbed material was eluted with ethanol, and then the ethanol was removed from the solution by evaporation to obtain 1.5 g of residual component. This was added uniformly to the concentrated extract obtained earlier to obtain 0.9 kg of onion extract.
- Results of Study of ACE Inhibitory Activity and Interaction between Squash and Onion Extracts
- Measurements were carried out according to the following partly modified Cushman & Cheung's method [Seikagaku Jikkenhou 38: Shokuhinchu no Seitaikinou Chosetsubusshitsu Kenkyuhou (Experimental Methods in Biochemistry 38: Methods of Researching Substances Regulating Vital Functions in Food Materials), Shunro Kawagishi ed., Gakkai Shuppan Center (1996)].
- [Samples]
- Squash extract (Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chitose Foodstuffs Plant)
- Onion extract (Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Chitose Foodstuffs Plant)
- Commercially available food product A (specified health food containing lactotripeptide)
- Commercially available food product B (specified heath food containing sardine peptide)
- [Method]
- Reagents
- Buffer: 450 ml of 50 mM Na2B4O7 and 550 ml of 200 mM H3BO3 are mixed and adjusted to pH 8.3.
- Substrate solution: 7.6 mM Hip-His-Leu and 608 mM NaCl are dissolved in this buffer solution.
- ACE solution: ACE is dissolved in the above buffer (60 mU/ml of activity).
- Method of Measurement
- 30 μl of a sample solution and 250 μl of a substrate solution are placed in a test tube, and then incubated in a thermobath at 37° C. for 5 minutes.
- 100 μl of ACE solution (6 mU) is added, immediately stirred, followed by reaction at 37° C. for 30 minutes.
- 250 μl of 1 N hydrochloric acid is added and stirred to terminate the reaction. 1.5 ml of ethyl acetate is added, stirred well, followed by extraction of hippurate released.
- Following centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, 0.5 ml of an ethyl acetate upper layer is recovered and put in a test tube.
- Ethyl acetate is aspirated and removed in a desiccator. After confirming the complete removal of ethyl acetate, 4 ml of distilled water is added and stirred well to dissolve the hippurate, and absorbance is measured at 228 nm.
- Inhibition rate is represented by:
- Wherein Es is an absorbance when sample solution is added, Ec is an absorbance when distilled water instead of a sample solution is added, and EB is an absorbance when reacted after adding 1 N hydrochloric acid.
- Calculation of Inhibitory Activity
- The concentration of the sample in a reaction solution when an inhibition rate is 50% is defined as the IC50 value. Glucose contents of all samples are adjusted to 2.0° Bx before measurement.
- [Results]
1) Single Materials Squash Onion Commercially commercially extract extract available food available food Sample (B × 2.0) (B × 2.0) product A product B ACE 23.7 21.1 79.0 28.9 inhibitory activity IC50 (μl/ml) 2) Mixture of Equal Amounts Commercially Commercially Squash extract + available food available food onion extract product A + product B + Sample (each B × 2.0) onion extract onion extract ACE 10.5 40.2 25.0 inhibitory activity IC50 (μl/ml) - [Discussion]
- Considerably high ACE inhibitory activity was seen with both of the squash extract alone and the onion extract alone.
- The activities of leading products known to be specified health foods (commercially available food product A and commercially available food produce B) are as shown above; they showed lower activities than the squash extract alone and the onion extract alone.
- In the case of squash extract+onion extract, a synergistic effect was notably seen; ACE inhibitory activity was prone to increase by 2-fold.
- In the cases of commercially available food product A+onion extract and commercially available food product B+onion extract, no synergistic effect was seen (additive effect).
- As can be considered from comparison to commercially available food products A and B, the amount of ingestion per day for squash extract appears to be approximately 3 to 10 g as powder containing 30% extract solid matter.
- Clinical Study of Effects of the Products containing Squash Extract Mixed With Onion Extract on Hypotensive and Hypoglycemic Actions in Diabetic Patients With Hypertensive Complications (Yoshimi Saitou, Head Surgeon, Bunkyo Daiichi Iin)
- Object
- We have already confirmed the hypotensive effect of products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract, although its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic patients has not yet been studied. Hypoglycemic effect of onion extract alone has already been confirmed, although hypoglycemic effect when mixed with extract of squash extract has not yet been studied. The object of the present test is to examine the hypoglycemic effect of the products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract, compared with onion extract alone.
- Methods
- Subjects were 8 diabetic patients with hypertensive complications (3 males, 51, 59, and 70 years old; 5 females, 51, 61, 65, 68, and 70 years old). Three patients received hypotensive agents (calcium antagonists) concomitantly and 5 patients took no concomitant drugs. Seven patients received concomitant anti-diabetic drugs and 1 patient received no concomitant drugs. The 20 pills of products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract were ingested divided into 2 portions, 10 pills each, every morning and night. The observation period was set at 16 weeks, and the patients were followed before the intake and every 4 weeks afterwards. Items examined were: Measurement of blood pressure, every 4 weeks (time of measurement was unified to either a.m. or p.m.); measurement of substances related to elevation of blood pressure (aldosterone, ACE, angiotensin II), before the intake and 8 and 16 weeks after the intake for a total of 3 measurements; measurement of hypotensive minerals (K, Ca, Mg), before the intake and 8 and 16 weeks after the intake for a total of 3 measurements; and measurement of blood glucose and HbA1C, every 4 weeks.
- Results
- The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are shown in
FIG. 1 . Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly at 4 weeks after beginning administration with the products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract, and subsequently gradually decreased. When observed case by case, the hypotensive effect was prone to be more significant when the pressure before beginning the administration was higher. Concomitant use of hypotensive agents did not seem to be correlated with the effect of the present product. Among substances related to elevation of blood pressure,angiotensin 11 and ACE were prone to decrease over time, and aldosterone showed virtually no change (FIG. 2 ). Hypotensive minerals Ca, K, and Mg also showed virtually no change (FIG. 2 ). As a result of examining correlation between systolic blood pressure and the substances related to elevation in blood pressure, there was a positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and ACE. That is, ACE decreased with decrease in blood pressure (FIG. 3 ). Similar trend was seen between diastolic blood pressure and ACE. The changes of postprandial blood glucose level are shown inFIG. 4 . There was clearly a decrease in postprandial blood glucose level after beginning the administration, and statistically significant decrease was seen after 8 weeks. HbA1C tended to decrease. - Discussion
- It is hypothesized that the products mixed with squash extract and onion extract suppress ACE, and as a result suppress the production of angiotensin II, thus enhancing the hypotensive effect. It should be particularly noted that better postprandial hypoglycemic effect was seen, compared to onion extract alone as previously reported by us. From this fact, it can be hypothesized that squash extract also lowers blood glucose levels. Recently, hypotensive agents (ACE inhibitors) such as CAPTOPRIL® are reported to suppress the onset in diabetic patients and to suppress diabetic complications. The relationship between ACE inhibitor effect and reduced insulin resistance effect is being considered, and the action mechanism of squash extract in terms of hypoglycemic effect is thought to be due to insulin resistance reducing effect based on the ACE inhibitory effect of squash extract.
- The products containing squash extract mixed with onion extract were proved to have hypotensive effect, as well as hypoglycemic effect stronger than that seen with onion extract alone. This mechanism of action was presumed to be from the insulin resistance reduction effect based on the ACE inhibitory effect of squash.
Claims (4)
1. A method of treating high blood pressure and diabetes comprising the step of administering a food supplement or a pharmaceutical to a subject comprising a combination of a squash extract and an onion extract;
wherein the squash extract is produced by a process comprising the steps of:
grinding squash flesh;
mixing the ground squash flesh with water;
squeezing the ground squash flesh with water through a filter to form a squeezed liquid;
adding an enzyme to the squeezed liquid;
vacuum concentrating the squeezed liquid to obtain a first concentrated liquid;
dissolving a dextrin in water to form a dextrin and water mixture and adding
the first concentrated liquid to the dextrin and water mixture to form a second concentrate; and
drying the second concentrate; and
wherein the onion extract is produced by a process comprising the steps of:
boiling onion to form a boiled onion;
grinding the boiled onion;
squeezing the ground, boiled onion to obtain a squeezed liquid; and
vacuum concentrating the squeezed liquid.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pharmaceutical is administered to the subject and the pharmaceutical further comprises a surfactant.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical further comprises an excipient.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical further comprises an excipient.
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/358,956 US20060141079A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2006-02-22 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
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JP2004058837A JP4813023B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2004-03-03 | Health foods and drugs |
JP2004-58837 | 2004-03-03 | ||
US10/978,718 US7122213B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2004-11-01 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
US11/358,956 US20060141079A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2006-02-22 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
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US10/978,718 Division US7122213B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2004-11-01 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
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US10/978,718 Active US7122213B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2004-11-01 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
US11/358,956 Abandoned US20060141079A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2006-02-22 | Supplement foods and pharmaceuticals |
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JP (1) | JP4813023B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050089127A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2486341A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2867076A1 (en) |
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JP5045879B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社龍泉堂 | A mixture having an effect of improving insulin resistance, an effect of suppressing weight gain, and an effect of preventing and improving fatty liver |
KR100842839B1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-07-02 | 한국식품연구원 | Anti-hypertensive Beverage Composition Comprising Acanthopanax senticosus and Process for Preparing the Same |
US20080268069A1 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-10-30 | Ryusendo Co., Ltd. | Mixture having effect of improving insulin resistance, effect of suppressing body weight gain, and effect of preventing and improving fatty liver |
US8466187B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2013-06-18 | Thermolife International, Llc | Amino acid compositions |
WO2010030470A1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Gilad Gad M | Agmatine containing dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and foods |
US8916612B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2014-12-23 | Gad Gilad | Agmatine containing dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and foods |
HUE032165T2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2017-09-28 | Thermolife Int Llc | N-acetyl beta alanine methods of use |
EP2750659A2 (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2014-07-09 | Burt's Farm, LLC | Personal care compositions comprising squash or pumpkin extract |
JP6369951B2 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2018-08-08 | 三井農林株式会社 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor |
CN110215470A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-10 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of preparation method of composition and drug and drug for treating diabetes |
US11865139B2 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2024-01-09 | Thermolife International, Llc | Method of treating migraines and headaches |
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JPS5414564A (en) * | 1977-07-01 | 1979-02-02 | Akiyama Jiyouzai Kk | Onion extract containing food |
JPS5428871A (en) * | 1977-08-04 | 1979-03-03 | Akiyama Jiyouzai Kk | Onion extract inclusion compound |
JPH02242667A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-09-27 | Tokyo Tanabe Co Ltd | Proliferation accelerator for bacterium of genus bifidobacterium |
JPH09169661A (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-06-30 | Tannochiyou | Steroid hormone increasing agent |
CN1168237A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-24 | 丁存义 | Hypoglycemic instant noddles |
JPH1077232A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-03-24 | M S C:Kk | Preventive and therapeutic agent for complication by diabetic |
CN1077408C (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2002-01-09 | 吴宝贵 | Preparation of preserved squash |
JP2001139486A (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-05-22 | Shinji Murata | Processed material of outer skin of onion |
CN1303698A (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-07-18 | 潘君琦 | Bitter gourd sugar-reducing capsule and its preparation process |
JP2002241305A (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-28 | Yakult Honsha Co Ltd | Prophylactic/therapeutic agent for hypertension |
KR20020088332A (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2002-11-27 | 안성현 | Onion syrup, onion syrup recipe |
CN1224404C (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2005-10-26 | 云南欣农科技有限责任公司 | Onion extract and its preparing process |
JP4477806B2 (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2010-06-09 | 有限会社エム・エス・シー | Method for producing active ingredient of onion, active ingredient of onion by the production method and health food |
CN1437898A (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2003-08-27 | 韩建英 | Health-care food for reducing blood pressure |
CN1166323C (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-09-15 | 何伟平 | Healthy bitter gourd food and its production process |
JP2004143120A (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-05-20 | Nippon Shinyaku Co Ltd | Health food product and hypotensive agent effective for hypotensive activity |
-
2004
- 2004-03-03 JP JP2004058837A patent/JP4813023B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-26 CA CA002486341A patent/CA2486341A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-01 US US10/978,718 patent/US7122213B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-17 KR KR1020040093846A patent/KR20050089127A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2005
- 2005-01-11 FR FR0500257A patent/FR2867076A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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CA2486341A1 (en) | 2005-09-03 |
US20050196474A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
JP4813023B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
US7122213B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
JP2005247733A (en) | 2005-09-15 |
FR2867076A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
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