US20060130827A1 - Solar thermal collector - Google Patents

Solar thermal collector Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060130827A1
US20060130827A1 US11/313,035 US31303505A US2006130827A1 US 20060130827 A1 US20060130827 A1 US 20060130827A1 US 31303505 A US31303505 A US 31303505A US 2006130827 A1 US2006130827 A1 US 2006130827A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
solar thermal
horizontal
thermal collector
chord
chords
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/313,035
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Opelka
Frank Krause
Constantin Schwecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bayer MaterialScience AG
Assigned to BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE AG reassignment BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRAUSE, FRANK, OPELKA, GERHARD, SCHWECKE, CONSTANTIN
Publication of US20060130827A1 publication Critical patent/US20060130827A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/73—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/501—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/80—Solar heat collectors using working fluids comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • thermoplastically formed article of manufacture and in particular to a solar thermal collector.
  • Air collectors also called air heaters or solar thermal collectors, are radiation solar thermal collectors by means of which non-concentrated solar radiation energy is absorbed and transmitted in part to the heat carrier medium comprising air or another gas. This type of radiation or solar collectors is used for example in the low temperature range.
  • solar thermal collectors for solar radiation are mainly manufactured with absorbers of aluminium or other metals.
  • the reason for this is the good thermal conductivity of metals, since on account of the low heat transmission from air to a flat surface the solar heat in solar thermal collectors has to be distributed over a large surface (e.g. over fins on the rear side of the absorber).
  • Absorbers with perforations and surface layer extraction type collectors have two types of advantages compared to absorbers involving flow over the rear surface: on the one hand the perforations produce a significant improvement in the heat transmission from the absorber to the air; secondly, due to the suction effect convection in the collector is prevented, as a result of which the thermal losses from the absorber to the glazing fall dramatically and a well-cooled absorber (i.e. with a high heat transmission coefficient from the absorber to the air) is no longer absolutely necessary in order to achieve a high efficiency.
  • a well-cooled absorber i.e. with a high heat transmission coefficient from the absorber to the air
  • Extremely thin absorbers or absorbers with low thermal conductivity may therefore be used.
  • a disadvantage of the solar thermal collectors known from the prior art is the relatively large weight of the absorber, frame and covering, since they are manufactured from metal.
  • the object of the present invention is accordingly to provide a solar thermal collector of thermoplastics material that may be manufactured relatively easily, i.e. with a low technical expenditure, as well as a process for its production.
  • a solar thermal collector comprising multiplicity of webs and chords.
  • the first, second and third horizontal chords of the solar thermal collector are connected to one another by webs positioned vertically to said horizontal chords.
  • the first horizontal chord is transparent and the second horizontal chord, which is positioned between the first and third horizontal chords, absorbs thermal radiation and is perforated.
  • the horizontal chords and said webs of the solar thermal collector comprise thermoplastic materials. Producing the solar thermal collector including perforating the second horizontal chord by means of a laser beam is also disclosed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the inventive solar thermal collector.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the solar thermal collector with a pumping circuit.
  • the invention provides a solar thermal collector comprising a panel that contains a plurality of horizontally oriented chords of thermoplastics material optionally parallel to and separate from one another.
  • the webs are connected to one another by a plurality of vertical webs.
  • the panel includes at least one transparent outermost horizontal chord (referred to below as first horizontal chord), and an underlying perforated horizontal web with a multiplicity of holes (referred to below as second horizontal chord) that absorbs radiation.
  • chords and webs are forming at least two superimposed rows of adjacent chambers, which are separated from each other and may be flowed through by a heat exchange gas in particular by air.
  • the superimposed chambers are connected by a multiplicity of holes.
  • the chambers are closed at their ends and the chambers located above the second (absorbing) horizontal chord have at least one inlet for a heat exchange gas and the chambers located below the second horizontal chord have at least one outlet for heated solar thermal collector gas.
  • the chambers are connected to a blower which optionally is part of a pumping circuit.
  • a solar thermal collector is located clown stream to the outlet of the chambers.
  • the cross section of the chambers preferably has a cross section area of 0,25 to 3600 mm 2 .
  • the invention also provides a process for the production of the solar thermal collector according, to the invention, in which in a first step a multiple web panel is formed by coextrusion of a transparent and a radiation absorbing thermoplastic material with a plurality of horizontally oriented chords, which are connected by a plurality of vertical webs and wherein the second horizontal chord comprises the radiation absorbing thermoplastic material and in a second step a laser beam is directed through the first horizontal web onto the second horizontal web and the second horizontal web is perforated and provided with a multiplicity of holes by means of the laser beam.
  • the multiple web panel used according to a preferred embodiment comprises at least three horizontal webs arranged preferably parallel to one another.
  • the horizontal chords are connected to one another by vertical webs arranged preferably perpendicular thereto.
  • the vertical webs are arranged preferably parallel to one another. In this way at least two superimposed layers of parallelepiped-shaped chambers lying adjacent to one another are formed, through which air or another gas flows during operation of the solar thermal collector.
  • the horizontal chords and vertical webs may be of the same or different thicknesses and have a thickness of preferably 0.2 to 2 mm.
  • the second horizontal chord in the perforation area (for example laser perforations) is designed having wall thicknesses of preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the vertical webs are 3 to 50 mm high.
  • the height of the vertical webs determines the height of the chambers, which may be formed having the same height or different heights.
  • the vertical webs are shorter towards the middle of the multiple web panel than in the edge regions of the web panel in order to minimise the shadow area of laterally incident solar radiation.
  • the diameter of the holes in the radiation absorbing chord is 0.1 to 0.5 mm, particular preferred 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
  • the first horizontal web is transparent for the radiation to be absorbed.
  • the degree of transmission in the wavelength range from 400 to 1300 nm is preferably at least 60%.
  • the transparent horizontal web is aligned facing the sun. The sunlight passes through the first horizontal web onto the second horizontal web, which forms the absorber surface.
  • the second horizontal web which is positioned between the first and third horizontal chords, absorbs radiation, i.e. it has in particular an absorption capacity of at least 80% in the wavelength range from 400 to 2500 nm.
  • the second horizontal chord with its comparatively high absorption capacity must be able-to absorb as much sunlight as possible during operation of the solar thermal collector.
  • the second horizontal web is for example colored and/or coated with a black compound.
  • a black coloration of the second horizontal web may be achieved for example by imprinting with a black colorant, coating with black chromium or black aluminium, or by direct coloration of the plastics composition with suitable colorants, preferably carbon black.
  • the second horizontal web is hereinafter also termed absorber surface.
  • the partial transparency of the second horizontal chord of up to 20% in the visible wavelength range may be achieved by a compound with or without a high reflection capacity in the infrared wavelength range, or may be accomplished in combination with such a compound, for example in the form of an additional layer.
  • the solar thermal collector is also suitable for use as a partially transparent glazing element, for example in a building enclosure.
  • the second horizontal chord comprises a selective absorber layer on the side facing the sun during operation.
  • the second horizontal web is coated with one or more compounds that have a reflection capacity of at least 70% in the infrared wavelength range. If the second horizontal chord is colored black and/or has in addition a coating of a black compound, the compound with a high reflection capacity in the infrared wavelength range may be largely permeable to visible light. Examples are indium/tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO).
  • ITO indium/tin oxide
  • ZnO zinc oxide
  • SnO tin oxide
  • the infrared wavelength range is understood to denote the wavelength range above 800 nm.
  • the second horizontal chord is perforated.
  • the perforated surface amounts to at most 3%, preferably at most 1% and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.4% relative to the total surface area of the second horizontal chord.
  • the third horizontal chord may be transparent or absorbent, for example colored and/or coated. This chord faces away from the sun during operation of the solar thermal collector.
  • further layers of adjacently-lying chambers may be included in the structure of the inventive solar thermal collector.
  • further horizontal chords are provided that are in turn joined by vertical webs.
  • a fourth horizontal chord may be arranged underneath the third horizontal chord.
  • This third layer is aligned facing away from the sun during operation of the solar thermal collector.
  • the chambers of this third layer serve as insulating chambers.
  • the multiple web panel is open on two sides lying opposite one another, i.e. the two surfaces perpendicular to the horizontal chords and vertical webs are not bordered. This enables gas flow through the chambers of the panel.
  • the two remaining sides lying opposite one another are terminated by vertical webs and are thus not open.
  • the panel may be provided with a tongue-and-groove system on the two non-open sides, as described for example in DE10 304 536 A and in WO 2004/070287 incorporated herein by reference.
  • the chambers of the first layer between the first and second horizontal chords are aligned facing the sun. They are hereinafter also termed absorption chambers.
  • the chambers of the second layer between the second and the third horizontal chord are aligned facing away from the sun. They are hereinafter also termed collecting chambers.
  • the chambers of both layers are filled with gas or gas flows through them.
  • the gas is air.
  • other gases or mixtures of various gases may also be used, for example those having a higher thermal capacity than air, such as for example argon.
  • Cold gas (temperature in the range from ⁇ 10° to ⁇ 30° C.) is introduced into the absorption chambers exposed to sunlight. From there the gas flows through the perforations of the second horizontal web into the collecting chambers resting against the rear side of the chord. The gas heats up on passing through the perforations. The heated gas flows out of the collecting chambers.
  • the multiple web panel of the solar thermal collector according to the invention is made of thermoplastics material.
  • suitable transparent thermoplastics materials such as are used in particular for the first horizontal web, are polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride.
  • materials other than transparent plastics materials produced by multilayer extrusion processes may be used for the second horizontal web (absorber surface) and/or for the third horizontal web (i.e.
  • polystyrene acrylonitrilelbutadiene/styrene
  • ABS thermoplastic polyurethane or blends of polycarbonate and ABS.
  • a laser beam is directed through the first horizontal chord onto the second horizontal chord, and perforated.
  • the wavelength of the laser beam is preferably in the range from 800 to 1200 nm.
  • Diode lasers or Nd:Yag lasers for example are suitable as laser.
  • the transparency of the first horizontal chord must therefore be sufficiently high that the laser beam passes through this substantially unhindered.
  • the laser beam is absorbed first by the second horizontal chord. Due to the energy of the laser the material of the second horizontal chord is locally combusted, resulting in the formation of a hole.
  • the laser energy is preferably 10 to 100 W.
  • the upper layer of the chambers between the first and second horizontal webs is preferably subjected to compressed air from one of the two open sides of the multiple web panel. Due to the resultant gas flow through the chambers the combustion residues formed by the laser irradiation are expelled, so that these may not settle on the walls of the multiple web panel.
  • the process according to the invention is preferably carried out directly after the extrusion of the inventive panel, which means that the extrusion and the perforation of the panel take place in one work stage.
  • a row of laser beams may be arranged behind the extrusion nozzle in such a way that, when the panel leaves the extrusion nozzle, the laser beams are directed through the first horizontal web onto the second horizontal web.
  • FIG. 1 shows panel 10 with a first, 11 , second, 12 and third, 13 horizontal webs as well as vertical webs 15 , positioned perpendicularly to the horizontal webs.
  • the inventive solar thermal collector is open on the two sides lying opposite one another, i.e. on the two surfaces 18 , 19 aligned perpendicularly to the horizontal and vertical webs.
  • the first horizontal web 11 is transparent enabling directing laser beams (not shown) through the first horizontal web 11 onto the second horizontal web 12 .
  • the direction of the laser beams is indicated by the arrow 20 .
  • the laser beams pass through the first horizontal web 11 and are absorbed by the second horizontal web 12 , which for example is colored with carbon black, holes ( 1 ) thereby being formed.
  • Such a multiple web panel was used as a solar-operated solar thermal collector, with a first horizontal chord 11 (i.e. a transparent horizontal web facing towards the sun) of polycarbonate (available as Makrolon DP 1-1853 polycarbonate from Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany), which was covered with an outer UV protective layer of Makrolon DP 1-1816 polycarbonate (a product of Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany), and a second horizontal chord 12 (i.e. an absorber surface) of non-transparent Makrolon 9415 polycarbonate (a product of Bayer MaterialScience AG, Germany).
  • the absorber surface was colored with carbon black.
  • the absorber surface was perforated by means of an Nd:Yag laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm.
  • the proportion of holes in the total surface was 0.1%, and the holes were of 0.3 to 1 mm. in diameters.
  • FIG. 2 demonstrates the use of the solar thermal collector according to FIG. 1 using air as heat exchange gas.
  • Sunlight 2 passes through the transparent first horizontal chord 11 and is absorbed in the second horizontal chord 12 and heat energy is formed.
  • Chambers 8 and 8 a are closed at their respective ends 9 and 9 a.
  • the collector is part of a pumping circuit 6 which can be an open or a closed loop.
  • the heated air is guided through the solar thermal collector 7 , to use the collected heat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US11/313,035 2004-12-22 2005-12-20 Solar thermal collector Abandoned US20060130827A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004061712.0 2004-12-22
DE102004061712A DE102004061712A1 (de) 2004-12-22 2004-12-22 Luftkollektor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060130827A1 true US20060130827A1 (en) 2006-06-22

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ID=35934204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/313,035 Abandoned US20060130827A1 (en) 2004-12-22 2005-12-20 Solar thermal collector

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20060130827A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP1831614A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2008524549A (enExample)
CN (1) CN101087980A (enExample)
DE (1) DE102004061712A1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2006072369A1 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100186734A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2010-07-29 Paul Riis Arndt Solar air heater for heating air flow
EP2245381A1 (fr) * 2008-01-31 2010-11-03 Patrick Claude Henri Magnier Panneau d'echange thermique, procede de fabrication et dispositif de couverture d'une construction
WO2011089530A3 (en) * 2010-01-22 2011-11-03 Hans-Christian Francke Solar collector board and system of solar collector boards
EP2972002A4 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-11-16 Helios Products Llc TRANSLUCENT PLASTIC THERMOSOLAR SENSOR

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101988756B (zh) * 2009-08-03 2011-12-28 南郁森 太阳能空气集热板
CN102338474A (zh) * 2010-07-16 2012-02-01 谢英俊 太阳能集热器
CN101957078A (zh) * 2010-10-22 2011-01-26 镇江新梦溪能源科技有限公司 平板型太阳能热水热风联供装置
CN109386973B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2020-02-07 山东建筑大学 折形扰流板新回风道分区式太阳能空气集热器及供暖系统

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086908A (en) * 1975-06-25 1978-05-02 Frank D. Werner Perforated heat transfer sheet
US4201195A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-06 Thermo Electron Corporation Jet impingement solar collector
US4292955A (en) * 1978-02-24 1981-10-06 Smith Harold W Solar energy collector
US4356815A (en) * 1980-08-19 1982-11-02 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collector having an absorber element of coated foil
US4392483A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-07-12 Koenig Robert H Solar collector means
US4556048A (en) * 1982-08-18 1985-12-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Solar heat collector
US4899728A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-02-13 Solarwall International Limited Method and apparatus for preheating ventilation air for a building
US5657745A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-19 Damminger; Rudolf K. Solar heat collecting panel
US6196216B1 (en) * 1998-08-11 2001-03-06 Albertus Kooij Solar collector and method for manufacture thereof

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2457449A1 (fr) * 1979-05-22 1980-12-19 Granja Antoine Capteur souple d'energie solaire
DE19500807C2 (de) * 1995-01-13 1999-06-17 Gerhard Dr Rer Nat Luther Wärmetauscher und Solarabsorber mit Zwangskonvektion
DE19820156A1 (de) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-25 Univ Karlsruhe Sonnenkollektor mit geschlossenen Luftkreislauf und Absaugung der Temperaturgrenzschicht am Absorber
DE10001081A1 (de) * 2000-01-13 2001-07-19 Heinz Peter Loehr Sonnenkollektor mit Sonnenstandsnachführung für Langzeitspeicher und Meerwasserentsalzung
DE10102918A1 (de) * 2001-01-23 2002-07-25 Andreas Schultze-Kraft Photovoltaisch und solarthermisch wirksame Verbundpaneele und deren Anwendung
DE10304536B3 (de) * 2003-02-04 2004-05-13 Horst Hinterneder Hohlkammerprofil zur Nutzung der Sonnenenergie
DE10307540A1 (de) * 2003-02-21 2004-09-02 Bayer Ag Solarbetriebener Luftkollektor

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4086908A (en) * 1975-06-25 1978-05-02 Frank D. Werner Perforated heat transfer sheet
US4292955A (en) * 1978-02-24 1981-10-06 Smith Harold W Solar energy collector
US4201195A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-06 Thermo Electron Corporation Jet impingement solar collector
US4356815A (en) * 1980-08-19 1982-11-02 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Solar energy collector having an absorber element of coated foil
US4392483A (en) * 1981-04-13 1983-07-12 Koenig Robert H Solar collector means
US4556048A (en) * 1982-08-18 1985-12-03 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Solar heat collector
US4899728A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-02-13 Solarwall International Limited Method and apparatus for preheating ventilation air for a building
US4934338A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-06-19 Solarwall International Limited Method and apparatus for preheating ventilation air for a building
US5657745A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-19 Damminger; Rudolf K. Solar heat collecting panel
US6196216B1 (en) * 1998-08-11 2001-03-06 Albertus Kooij Solar collector and method for manufacture thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100186734A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2010-07-29 Paul Riis Arndt Solar air heater for heating air flow
EP2245381A1 (fr) * 2008-01-31 2010-11-03 Patrick Claude Henri Magnier Panneau d'echange thermique, procede de fabrication et dispositif de couverture d'une construction
WO2011089530A3 (en) * 2010-01-22 2011-11-03 Hans-Christian Francke Solar collector board and system of solar collector boards
EP2972002A4 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-11-16 Helios Products Llc TRANSLUCENT PLASTIC THERMOSOLAR SENSOR
US9915444B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2018-03-13 Helios Products, Llc Translucent plastic solar thermal collector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102004061712A1 (de) 2006-07-20
WO2006072369A1 (de) 2006-07-13
EP1831614A1 (de) 2007-09-12
CN101087980A (zh) 2007-12-12
JP2008524549A (ja) 2008-07-10

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Owner name: BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE AG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:OPELKA, GERHARD;KRAUSE, FRANK;SCHWECKE, CONSTANTIN;REEL/FRAME:017402/0280;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051110 TO 20051129

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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