Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
  • C04B16/0616—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B16/0625—Polyalkenes, e.g. polyethylene
  • C04B16/0633—Polypropylene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
  • E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber

Definitions

• the present invention relates to polypropylene resin fibers for cement reinforcement excellent in adhesive property to cement matrixes and in reinforcing mortars, concrete and the like.
• the invention relates to fiber-reinforced molded cement made with the polypropylene resin fibers, a method of constructing concrete structure therewith, and a method of concrete spraying therewith.
• cement moldings external walls of architectures, inner walls of tunnels and hillside slopes, etc. are constructed with mortars, concrete and the like.
• these moldings have are comparatively fragile. Therefore, unless properties such as the reinforced strength, flexural proof stress, flexural toughness and impact strength thereof are enough, water leaks and external-wall peeling or dropping accidents happen due to cracks of wall surfaces. Therefore, recently, synthetic resin fibers such as steel fibers, polyvinylalcohol resin, polyolefine resin, polyacrylonitrile resin and polyamide resin, have been used as reinforcement for cement moldings.
• synthetic resin fibers such as steel fibers, polyvinylalcohol resin, polyolefine resin, polyacrylonitrile resin and polyamide resin.
• polyolefin resin has few hydrophilic radicals in the molecular structure and few functional groups available for the adhesive property of the cement, and therefor, the adhesion of the cement matrixes is extremely inferior. Accordingly, when cement moldings reinforced with polyolefin resin fibers are broken, the fibers are easily drawn out. Therefore, even if the impact strength and breaking energy due to drawing resistance of the fibers increase, flexural strength has not been improved greatly yet.
• Polyolefin resin fibers comprising short fibers such as split yarn, single yarn or focusing yarn whose fineness is less than 100 dt and whose fiber-length is less than 5 mm produce fiber masses called “fiber balls” from their shapes.
• fiber balls fiber masses
• adhesion to the cement is inferior, and the fibers are drawn out when flexural stress is charged. Therefore, enough reinforcing effects can not be obtained.
• the present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, it aims to provide polypropylene resin fibers for cement reinforcement which give hydrophilicity imparted to the polyolefin resin fibers, show good dispersibility and physical coupling to the cement, as well as excellent adhesion to cement matrixes, and give cement moldings improved flexural toughness, flexural strength and impact strength.
• the present invention also aims to provide fiber-reinforced molded cement made with the fibers, a method of constructing concrete structures therewith, and a method of concrete spraying therewith.
• the present invention basically provides fibers for cement reinforcement that have an increased index of wetting on their surface and improved hydrophilicity.
• the fibers comprise specified polyolefin resin, having undergone a specified surface modification treatment on surfaces thereof. That is, the fibers are spun from polypropylene resin, and their surfaces have undergone a surface modification treatment selected from oxidation treatment and fluorination treatment so that the fiber surfaces have an index of wetting of 38 dyn/cm or higher.
• the index of wetting is a Japanese industrial standard that indicates ability for holding an adhesion between the fiber surface and the concrete.
• the fibers are formed into monofilaments having a single yarn fineness of 200 dt or more with irregularities on their spun fiber surfaces, the problem that contact area with the cement is decreased in generally thick fibers can be made up for to improve physical coupling to the cement. Therefore, cement moldings excellent in flexural toughness can be manufactured.
• the present invention provides polypropylene resin fibers for cement reinforcement in which corona discharge treatment is selected for oxidation treatment on the fiber surfaces. After this treatment, the fibers have an index of wetting within the range of 40-90 dyn/cm.
• the present invention provides polypropylene resin fibers for cement reinforcement in which fluorinating treatment is performed on the fiber surfaces at a fluorine gas concentration within the range of 5-40% by volume. After this treatment, the fibers have an index of wetting within the range of 50-90 dyn/cm.
• the present invention provides cement moldings for fiber reinforcement manufactured from cement compositions to which is added an adequate amount of the above-mentioned polypropylene resin fibers in mortar mixtures including cement, fine aggregates and water.
• the present invention provides a method of constructing concrete structures for manufacturing by mixing a fixed amount of the above-mentioned polypropylene resin fibers to concrete mixtures including cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water.
• the present invention provides a method of concrete spraying for spraying a mixture of an adequate amount of the above-mentioned polypropylene resin fibers and concrete mixtures including cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water on an executed surface in a fixed thickness dimension.
• the polypropylene resin used as the fiber material is selected from among propylene homopolymer, polypropylene copolymer such as ethylene-propylene block copolymer or random copolymer, and mixtures thereof.
• the propylene homopolymer is preferable for one for cement reinforcement, which requires high strength and heat resistance.
• the isotactic pentad fraction which is published in Macromolecules 6 925 (1973) by A. Zambelli et al, means isotactic fraction per pentad unit in a polypropylene molecule measured by using 13 C-NMR.
• the melt flow rate (which is outlined in MFR) of the polypropylene resin is selected from within the range of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes for continuous stable productivity. More preferably, it is selected from within the range of 1-10 g/10 minutes.
• polystyrene resins can be added to the polypropylene resin during the spinning process, if necessary.
• poly(-butene) polyethylene resin such as high density polyethylene, liner low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer, ethylene-alkyl-acrylate copolymer, and the like.
• Antioxidants, lubricants, ultraviolet absorbents, anti-static agents, inorganic fillers, organic fillers, cross linking agents, foaming agents, nucleus agents, and the like may be mixed with the above-mentioned polypropylene composition in accordance with objects of the use of the composition without deviating from the present invention.
• the polypropylene resin fiber to be spun is short one cut from monofilament having a random thickness.
• a manufacturing method for this is not defined specifically. For example, a manufacturing technology that extrudes filament from a round, elliptic, modified or string-shaped die is adopted.
• a publicly known melt spinning method is adopted, and spinning is carried out with a string-shaped die drawable in high magnification.
• polypropylene is melted and extruded from the string-shaped die, and then, a drawing treatment is performed while keeping the extruded string-shaped tape to form the fibers.
• the string-shaped die has at least two nozzles connected in series, usually 5-20 nozzles are connected, and preferably 10-15 nozzles are connected.
• the monofilament in the present invention may be short fibers cut from comparatively thick monofilament.
• complex monofilament comprising a core layer of polypropylene component having a high melting point and a sheath layer of polypropylene component having a low melting point can be used.
• polypropylene forming each layer is melted and mixed with an extruder.
• two discharge holes are concentrically provided on the die.
• the core layer comprising high melting point component is fed from the center side discharge hole of the die, and the sheath layer comprising low melting point component is extruded on the outside thereof so as to cover the core layer to form the complex monofilament.
• propylene homopolymer isotactic polypropylene, and the like as a high melting point component.
• a low melting point component it is preferable to use propylene-ethylene block copolymer, random copolymer and syndiotactic polypropylene, and the like.
• Such complex monofilament can prevent polypropylene resin fibers from heat deterioration in a thermal cure at the time of concrete molding.
• the monofilament has undergone a thermal drawing and thermal relaxing treatment. According to this, the rigidity of the filament is increased. Therefore, polypropylene monofilament suitable for cement reinforcement having a small elongation can be obtained.
• the thermal drawing is performed at a temperature greater than the softening point of polypropylene, and less than the melting point thereof. Usually, the drawing temperature is within the range of 90-150° C., and the drawing magnification is within the range of 5-12 times, preferably within the range of 7-9 times.
• a thermal drawing method a hot roll system, a hot plate system, an infrared irradiation system, a hot air oven system, a hot water system, or the like is adopted.
• the tensile strength of the drawn polypropylene filament is 5 g/dt or more, preferably 6 g/dt or more.
• the tensile elongation thereof is 20% or less, preferably 15% or less. It is undesirable that the tensile strength and the tensile elongation are not respectively within these ranges because the strength of the polypropylene resin fibers for cement reinforcement becomes insufficient.
• the single yarn fineness of the polypropylene monofilament is within the range of 5-10,000 decitex (dt), preferably within the range of 10 dt to 6,500 dt.
• dt decitex
• a comparatively thin one having a single yarn fineness within the range of 5-100 dt is cut in short fibers having a fiber length within the range of 3-30 mm, preferably within the range of 5-15 mm.
• a comparatively thick one having a single yarn fineness within the range of 200-10,000 dt is cut in fiber lengths within the range of 5-100 mm, preferably within the range of 20-70 mm. Fibers having a length under 3 mm come off the cement, and fibers having a length over 100 mm are inferior in dispersibility.
• the fibers having a single yarn fineness under 5 dt are too thin, they easily become fiber balls because of the uniform dispersibility in the concrete mixture, thereby causing problems in execution or reinforcement.
• the fibers having a single yarn fineness over 200 dt since the contact area between the fibers and the concrete mixture is reduced, the fibers come to be easily drawn against the flexural stress, and the reinforcement effects are decreased. Therefore, in the present invention, for comparatively thick ones having a single yarn fitness of 200 dt or more, it is necessary to form irregularities on their surfaces as a next process of the spinning and the thermal drawing. By this, the contact area between the fibers and the concrete is increased, the fibers drawing following the concrete stiffening is regulated, and the reinforcement effects can be improved.
• a method for embossing monofilament is listed.
• the embossing is performed by passing the monofilament through an embossing roller before drawing or after drawing, and irregularities are continuously formed in a longitudinal direction of the monofilament.
• the shape of embossing such as the length or the depth, may be optional, it is necessary that an average compression of the fiber cross-section by crushing is within the range of 1.5/1-7/1.
• the average compression means an average ratio of the width and the height in a cross-section of fiber having various shapes.
• the average compression is under 1.5/1, there are a few irregularities on the fiber surfaces. Accordingly, there are no differences between the plane surface fibers and the reinforcing effects.
• the average compression is over 7/1, the strength by shaping is remarkably inferior. Accordingly, the dispersibility in the concrete is apt to grow worse.
• the above-mentioned polypropylene resin fibers have undergone a surface modification treatment selected from oxidation treatment and fluorination treatment so that the fiber surface has an index of wetting of 38 dyn/cm or more.
• a surface modification treatment selected from oxidation treatment and fluorination treatment so that the fiber surface has an index of wetting of 38 dyn/cm or more.
• One having an index of wetting under 38 dyn/cm is undesirable because enough treatment can not be given to the polyolefine resin fibers and because the flexural strength and impact strength of the cement moldings can not be improved.
• Oxidation treatment is selected as at least a kind of treatment method from among corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment, flame-plasma treatment, electron beam irradiation treatment and ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
• corona discharge treatment or plasma treatment is selected.
• the corona discharge treatment is performed under a general condition, for example, the distance between the tip of electrode and the treated foundation within the range of 0.2-5.0 mm.
• the processing amount is 5 w ⁇ minute or more per 1 m 2 polypropylene fiber, preferably within the range of 5-200 w ⁇ minute/m 2 , and more preferably within the range of 10- to 180 w ⁇ minute/m 2 .
• the amount is under 5 w ⁇ minute/m 2 , the effect of the corona discharge treatment is so insufficient that the index of wetting of the fiber surface can not be set up within the above-mentioned range, and that flexural strength and impact strength of the cement moldings can not be improved.
• the plasma treatment process comprises spraying an electrically neutralized excited gas on the surface of plastic base material.
• the excited gas is formed by eliminating charged particles from a simple substance gas such as argon, helium, krypton, neon, xenon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide or a mixed gas thereof after being electrically excited by a plasma jet.
• the plasma jet is formed by applying voltage between counter electrodes under an approximately atmospheric pressure and then generating plasma discharge from the mixed gas comprising, for example, nitrogen and oxygen including an oxygen concentration within the range of 5-15% by volume.
• the distance between the electrodes that the plastic base material passes is suitably determined by the thickness thereof, the magnitude of the applying voltage, the flow rate of the mixed gas, and the like.
• the distance is usually within the range of 1-50 mm, preferably within the range of 2-30 mm. It is preferable that the voltage between the electrodes is applied so that field strength is within the range of 1-40 kv/cm.
• the frequency of AC power is within the range of 1-100 kHz.
• the flame plasma treatment process comprises spraying ionization plasma on the surface of the plastic base material.
• the ionization plasma is generated in flames when natural gas or propane burns.
• the electron beam irradiation treatment comprises irradiating electron beams on the surface of the plastic base material.
• the irradiating electron beams are generated by an electron beam accelerator.
• an electron beam radiator for example, is used a device named “ELECTRO CURTAIN” that irradiates uniform electron beams from liner filaments in the shape of a curtain.
• the ultraviolet irradiation treatment process comprises irradiating ultraviolet having a wavelength within the range of 200-400 m ⁇ on the surface of the plastic base material.
• fluorine gas is contacted with the polypropylene fiber surfaces in the presence of oxygen to form a surface-oxidizing zone thereon.
• the index of wetting of the surface thereof is improved in the above-mentioned range.
• it is performed within the range of a fluorine gas concentration within the range of 5-40% by volume in the presence of an oxygen concentration within the range of 60-95% by volume.
• the pressure is comparatively low to easily perform the reaction operation and the regulation. Specially, it is preferable that the pressure is 50 Pa or less.
• a type of the fluorination treatment can be selected from either a batch type or a continuous type.
• Treatment temperature is usually within the range of 10-100° C., preferably within the range of 10-40° C.
• the treatment time differs with the concentration of the fluorine gas, the pressure thereof, the treatment temperature, and the like, being usually within the range of 10 seconds to 2 hours, preferably 30-60 seconds.
• the polypropylene resin fibers are put into a reaction container in advance, thereafter being vacuously deaerated.
• oxygen gas within the range of 60-95% by volume is fed therein, and then, fluorine gas within the range of 5-40% by volume is fed therein. It is desirable that the fluorination treatment is performed at the treatment temperature of 10-100° C. After the fluorination treatment, unreacting gas is eliminated from the container, and the inside thereof is efficiently substituted and ventilated by inactive gas to produce fluorination-treated polypropylene fibers.
• Polypropylene fibers for reinforcement cement of the present invention can be used in various embodiments with mixed in mortars or concretes.
• a method for manufacturing cement moldings by forming therewith a method for constructing concrete structures or mortar structures by placing and painting therewith, a method for constructing concrete structures or mortar structures by spraying therewith, and the like.
• polypropylene fibers When the polypropylene fibers are mixed in mortars, they are mixed in cement, fine aggregates, water and a proper amount of admixture.
• cement when they are mixed in concrete, they are mixed in cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, water and a proper amount of admixture.
• hydraulic cement such as Portland cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, fly ash cement, white Portland cement, alumina cement, and the like
• non-hydraulic cement such as gypsum and lime.
• fine aggregates are listed river sand, sea sand, pit sand, silica sand, glass sand, iron sand, ash sand, other artificial sand, and the like.
• coarse aggregates are listed gravel, ballast, crushed stone, slag, various artificial lightweight aggregates, and the like.
• a method for mixing polypropylene fibers in cement can be used publicly known methods such as a method for dispersing them in cement powder, a premix method for dispersing them in cement slurry, and a spray-up method for spraying cement, polypropylene fibers and water at the same time, and the like.
• the composite amount of the polypropylene fibers is 0.1-10% by weight to the cement, preferably within the range of 0.5-5% by weight.
• a composite amount of 0.1% by weight or less is undesirable because reinforcement effects are inferior.
• a composite of 10% by weight or more is undesirable because flexural strength is inferior and uniform dispersion is difficult.
• the thus given cement slurry is molded by a publicly known method such as a watermark molding method, an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method according to purposes.
• a molding is cured by a natural curing method by being left in the atmosphere or in water at an ordinary temperature for about 10 days or by an autoclave method by being disposed at a temperature of 100-200° C. after being left at the ordinary temperature for a few days to produce a cement molding.
• cement moldings in the present invention cover all sorts of cement products.
• they are used in wall materials, floor material concretes, finishing mortars, waterproofed concretes, slate roof materials for buildings, or pavement materials such as roads and airstrips, road materials such as road-signs and gutters, pipes such as sewer pipes and cable ducts, fish banks, bulkhead blocks, tetrapots, and various organizations such as sleepers, benches and flower pots.
• the polypropylene fibers In using the polypropylene fibers to execute mortar structures, they are mixed with cement, fine aggregates, water and a proper amount of admixture at the same time or in the state that the mortars are tempered up, and placed and painted. Besides, in executing concrete structures, the polypropylene fibers are mixed with cement, fine aggregates, water and a proper amount of admixture at the same time or in the state that the concretes are tempered up, and placed and painted.
• the mixed amount of the polypropylene fibers is over 19 kg, flexural toughness does not increase because the fibers do not uniformly disperse in the concrete.
• the mixed amount of less than 4 kg bounces at spraying are large and reinforcement effects after curing are small.
• the concrete mixtures comprising cement, fine aggregates, rough aggregates, water and the like are input to form base concrete and the polypropylene fibers are input and mixed therein after mixing the base concrete.
• mixing time depends on a mixed amount per a time, it is proper that the mixing time is for 45-90 seconds in the base concrete and for 45-90 seconds after inputting the polypropylene fibers.
• slump is adjusted within the range of 8-21 cm in using the polypropylene fibers in the above-mentioned composite amount.
• a slump under 8 cm is undesirable because spraying work is difficult, and a slump over 21 cm is undesirable because the bounces become large.
• the slump is within the above-mentioned range, it is effective in a spray nozzle perpendicular to a sprayed surface with the distance therebetween within the range of 0.5-1.5 m.
• the thus produced concrete mixture is used to cover tunnels (including batter piles and shafts) and large cavity structures, to prevent slop surfaces, slant surfaces or wall surfaces from weathering, peeling and flaking, and to mend and reinforce tunnels and bridges as a shotcrete.
• a drawing temperature was 130° C.
• an annealing temperature was 135° C.
• a drawing magnification was 12 times.
• the given drawn yarn had the single yarn fineness of 50 dt.
• the drawn yarn surface had undergone a corona discharge treatment as a surface oxidation treatment under 20 w ⁇ minute per 1 m 2 .
• the given polypropylene resin drawn yarn surface had an index of wetting of 42 dyn/cm.
• the polypropylene resin drawn yarn was cut in 10 mm length to form short fibers.
• Molding for cement moldings was based on JISR5201. That is, 100 wt. parts Portland cements and 200 wt. parts standard sands were mixed sufficiently, and therein, the fibers of 5 wt. parts and water of 65 wt. parts are added. Then they were mixed uniformly on the whole. Thereafter, they were poured into a mold of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 160 mm, left in the atmosphere for 48 hours at the ordinal temperature, thereafter cured in the autoclave for 20 hours at 165° C.
• the given molding had a flexural strength of 26.0 MPa and Charpy impact strength of 9.5 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility was good.
• Example 2 The same treatments as Example 1 except the conditions that the polypropylene resin drawn yarn surface had undergone the corona discharge treatment at the rate of 30 w ⁇ minute per 1 m 2 and the index of wetting the surface was 45 dyn/cm were performed.
• the given moldings had the flexural strength of 26.5 MPa, Charpy impact strength of 9.8 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility was good.
• a drawn yarn was produced similarly with Example 1 and cut in 10 mm length to form short fibers.
• the short fibers were put into a reaction container, and thereafter, the container was placed under a vacuum. Gaseous oxygen of 80% by volume and gaseous fluorine of 20% by volume were injected in order, and these were reacted at 20° C. under 10 Pa pressure.
• the given fibers had surfaces having the index of wetting of 60 dyn/cm.
• Cement moldings were molded similarly with Example 1 by using these short fibers.
• the given moldings had a flexural strength of 28.0 MPa and Charpy impact strength of 10.5 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility was good.
• the fibers were dipped therein, and thereafter dried to be applied the finishing agent of 1% by weight.
• the treatments except these were the same as in Example 1.
• the given moldings had a flexural strength of 19.0 MPa and a Charpy impact strength of 6.5 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility of the fibers was good.
• the fibers were dipped therein, and thereafter dried to be applied the finishing agent of 1% by weight.
• the treatments except these were the same as in Example 1.
• the given moldings had a flexural strength of 16.5 MPa and a Charpy impact strength of 3.5 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility of the fibers was no good.
• the fibers were dipped therein, and thereafter dried to be applied the finishing agent of 1% by weight.
• the given moldings had a flexural strength of 17.5 MPa and a Charpy impact strength of 2.8 KJ/m 2 .
• the dispersibility of the fibers was approximately no good.
• a corona discharge treatment was performed on the polypropylene monofilament surface at 30 w ⁇ minute per 1 m 2 .
• the given monofilament had a surface with an index of wetting of 45 dyn/cm.
• the polypropylene monofilament was cut in 30 mm length to form polypropylene fibers.
• test pieces were taken off from the mold after 24 hours, and a water curing was conducted till material ages of 7 days.
• Polypropylene monofilament was produced similarly with Example 4, and cut in short fibers having 30 mm length.
• the given polypropylene short fibers had surfaces having an index of wetting of 60 dyn/cm.
• Example 4 PP 3000 4.2/1 9.2 425 38.1
• Example 5 PP 6000 6.4/1 9.2 430 38.3
• Example 6 PP 500 2.6/1 9.2 418 37.8
• Example 7 PP 3000 4.2/1 9.2 451 38.1
• Example 8 PP 6000 6.4/1 9.2 461 38.3
• Example 9 PP 500 2.6/1 9.2 442 37.8 Comparative example 4 PP 3000 4.2/1 9.2 317 37.5 Comparative example 5 PP 6000 6.4/1 9.2 325 37.8 Comparative example 6 PP 500 2.6/1 9.2 310 37.3 Comparative example 7 steel ⁇ 0.6 mm 3.0/1 78.0 330 37.5 Comparative example 8 PVA 4000 1.4/1 13.0

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• 2003
  • 2003-10-29 EP EP03769990A patent/EP1580173A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-10-29 CA CA002502163A patent/CA2502163A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-10-29 WO PCT/JP2003/013883 patent/WO2004039744A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 2003-10-29 US US10/532,612 patent/US20060078729A1/en not_active Abandoned
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