US20050249322A1 - Methods for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving and interference avoidance in OFDM mobile communication system - Google Patents

Methods for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving and interference avoidance in OFDM mobile communication system Download PDF

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US20050249322A1
US20050249322A1 US11/109,751 US10975105A US2005249322A1 US 20050249322 A1 US20050249322 A1 US 20050249322A1 US 10975105 A US10975105 A US 10975105A US 2005249322 A1 US2005249322 A1 US 2005249322A1
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terminal
frequency
time
radio network
base stations
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Christian Gerlach
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/06—Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/0026—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference
    • H04J11/0036—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of multi-user interference at the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023—Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/005—Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless communications systems, and more particularly, to methods for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving and interference avoidance in digital radio communication systems employing multiple sub-carriers, such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communication systems.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • Communication systems employing many sub-carriers, such as those that employ OFDM technology are currently used for the transmission of high-speed digital radio and television signals, e.g. Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial transmission mode (DVB-T) systems.
  • DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
  • DVD-T Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial transmission mode
  • OFDM has become a widely accepted standard high bit rate transmission technique for the realization of wide-band air interfaces for wireless access to current local area networks (LAN), e.g. HiperLAN and IEEE WLAN standard systems.
  • LAN local area networks
  • 3GPP 3 rd Generation Partnership Project
  • OFDM is sometimes called multi-carrier or discrete multi-tone modulation where the transmitted data is split into a number of parallel data streams, each one used to modulate a separate sub-carrier.
  • the broadband radio channel is subdivided into a plurality of narrow-band sub-channels or sub-carriers being independently modulated with e.g. QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM or higher modulation order allowing higher data rate per sub-carrier.
  • a wireless communication system supporting a wireless communication service comprises a radio access network communicating via an air interface with the user terminals. More particularly, the radio access network comprises a plurality of base stations controlled by a radio network controller (RNC), the base stations being in charge of communicating with the user terminals which are located inside their cell service area.
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the user terminal roams from one origin cell area to a destination cell area.
  • a common CS (circuit-switched) or PS (packet-switched) service can substantially deteriorate due to neighbor cell interference.
  • so called “soft handover” methods have been developed.
  • a “handover” process begins, by which the terminal releases the origin serving channels and continues communicating with the destination base station.
  • a soft handover procedure is used in which the user terminal establishes a communication channel with multiple base stations serving that overlapping area.
  • a terminal served by the origin base station, approaches said base stations cell boundary, it measures the strongest interfering neighboring cell and after reporting gets allocated from the RNC via the base station an additional (different) code for that destination base station.
  • the information then goes from the RNC over both (or more) base stations to the terminal and is combined there after demodulation and despreading.
  • the object of the invention to solve the aforesaid technical OFDM system problems and provide methods for improving the service quality for a user terminal receiving CS or PS data at the cell border in a mobile communication system using OFDM transmission technology.
  • the object is achieved, according to the invention, by a method for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving in a radio communication system employing multi-carrier techniques such as OFDM for the air interface communication between a network and a plurality of user terminals, the network comprising at least two base stations controlled by a radio network controller, the base stations having means for communication with the user terminals located inside their cell service area, in which a user terminal moves from a first cell service area, covered by an origin base station, to a service overlapping region, in which at least a second cell service area, covered by the second base station, is also available, wherein an OFDM wireless communication channel is designed so that the terminal can receive at least two pilot channels in parallel, one for each service cell area overlapping in the service overlapping region; the mobile radio network partitions an OFDM time-frequency grid in a number of orthogonal, non-overlapping time-frequency patterns, groups them in time-frequency groups, where a group contains at least one of said time-frequency patterns and assigns the user terminal one of said time-frequency groups for communication; when the terminal
  • the object is also achieved by a method for terminal assisted coordinated interference avoidance in a radio communication system employing multi-carrier techniques such as OFDM for the air interface communication between a network and a plurality of user terminals, the network comprising at least two base stations controlled by a radio network controller, the base stations having means for communication with the user terminals located inside their cell service area, in which a user terminal moves from a first cell service area, covered by an origin base station, to a service overlapping region, in which at least a second cell service area, covered by the second base station, is also available; an OFDM wireless communication channel designing so that the terminal can receive at least two pilot channels in parallel, one for each service cell area overlapping in the service overlapping region; the mobile radio network partitioning an OFDM time-frequency grid in a number of orthogonal, non-overlapping time-frequency patterns, groups them in time-frequency groups, where a group contains at least one of said time-frequency patterns and assigns the user terminal one of said time-frequency groups for communication; when the terminal moving to the origin cell border,
  • a mobile radio network comprising means for partitioning an OFDM time-frequency grid in a number of orthogonal, non-overlapping time-frequency patterns, and grouping them in time-frequency groups, where a time-frequency group contains at least one of said time-frequency patterns, and assigning a user terminal one of said time-frequency groups for communication; means for receiving signaling information from the terminal about strength of reception measurements on cell pilot signals, means for analyzing said information and for reserving and assigning to at least two base stations of the network the same time-frequency group for communication with the terminal; and means for transmitting the same information bearing signal from the at least two neighboring base stations and in the same time-frequency group in a synchronized manner to a terminal, and/or means for transmitting in a time-frequency group only from a base station and reducing the power transmitted in said time-frequency group from a neighbor base station;
  • a user terminal comprising means for receiving at least two OFDM pilot channels and/or two OFDM signaling channels in parallel, means for negotiating a time-frequency group with a mobile radio network for communication; means for measuring the OFDM pilot signal from interfering neighbor base stations and for signaling said information to the mobile radio network;
  • a network element comprising means for partitioning an OFDM time-frequency grid in a number of orthogonal, non-overlapping time-frequency patterns, and grouping them in time-frequency groups, where a T-F group contains at least one of said time-frequency patterns, and assigning a user terminal one of said T-F groups for communication; means for receiving signaling information from the terminal about strength of reception measurements on cell pilot signals, means for analyzing said information and for reserving and assigning to another network element of the network the same time-frequency group for communication with the terminal; and means for transmitting the same information bearing signal as another neighboring network element and in the same time-frequency group in a synchronized manner to a terminal, and/or means for reducing the power transmitted in a time-frequency group already assigned by a neighbor network element for communication with a terminal.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 An embodiment example of the invention is now explained with the aid of FIGS. 1 to 5 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of conventional sub-carrier mapping to user channels into an OFDM time-frequency grid.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a conventional OFDM mobile communications system including the network and the user terminals.
  • FIG. 3 shows a method for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving and interference avoidance according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary time-frequency pattern, consisting of a number of different frequency sub-bonds that change over the time, which can be assigned to a terminal for coordinated radio serving or interference avoidance according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows exemplary time-frequency patterns, allocating the same sub-carriers over the time, which can be assigned to a terminal for coordinated radio serving or interference avoidance according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary allocation of sub-carriers S 1 to SN to four user channels A, B, C and D in the OFDM time-frequency (T-F) grid.
  • OFDM offers the possibility to flexibly allocate one or more sub-carriers S 1 to SN to one user or one logical channel A, B, C or D to control the data rate for this user channel. Since this can change also over time in a TDMA system (e.g. with a change period of K symbol periods Ts e.g. a period of 2 ms), we have a 2-dimensional resource allocation grid, hereinafter referred as T-F grid, as indicated in FIG. 1 .
  • T-F grid 2-dimensional resource allocation grid
  • time-frequency grid locations may not be available for data transmission, because they are used for carrying pilot or signaling information. User assignment of remaining locations can be done based on frequency or time or a combination of both.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a mobile communications system in which a mobile radio network N, including a plurality of network elements NE 1 to NEn, and a plurality of user terminals T 1 to Tn exchange data information via an air interface downlink channel DC and an uplink channel UC using multi-carrier modulation schemes, at least in the downlink, such as OFDM.
  • the network elements NE 1 to NEn can be for example base stations, radio network controllers, core network switches, or any other communication elements which are generally used for wireless mobile communications.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method for terminal assisted coordinated radio serving and interference avoidance according to the invention in a “soft handover-like” scenario comprising a terminal T moving from a first cell service area C 1 , covered by an origin network element NE 1 , to a service overlapping “soft handover” region SHO, in which a second cell service area C 2 , covered by a neighbor network element NE 2 , is also available.
  • a service overlapping soft handover region SHO is located close to the cell border.
  • Both network elements NE 1 and NE 2 which communicate via the air interface with terminal T will be hereinafter referred to as base stations and the network element NE 3 in charge or supervising said base stations will be hereinafter referred as the radio network controller.
  • the network N OFDM communication channel is designed so that pilot and, if needed, also signaling information channels can be received by the terminal T in parallel. This is achieved by assigning to each cell C 1 and C 2 pilots and, if needed, signaling in an interleaving non-overlapping manner, with pilot and signaling symbols having higher energy as the data.
  • the terminal T can thus receive at least two pilot channels and, if needed, also two signaling channels in parallel, one for each cell service area overlapping in the soft handover region SHO.
  • the terminal T receives two pilot and possibly two signaling channels, one from the origin base station NE 1 and another from the neighbor base station NE 2 .
  • the possibility to additionally receive two signaling channels in parallel is only needed if the terminal needs to communicate with the origin base station (NE 1 ) and interfering base station (NE 2 ) in parallel. This would be necessary in case the origin base station (NE 1 ) and interfering base station (NE 2 ) negotiate and decide alone without a radio network controller (NE 3 ) about reservation and assignment of the time-frequency group for communication between the base stations and the terminal T.
  • the mobile radio network N partitions the OFDM T-F grid in a number of orthogonal, non-overlapping T-F patterns and combines them in a number of T-F groups, i.e., each T-F group consisting of a number of T-F patterns.
  • the mobile radio network N also assigns each terminal one of said T-F groups for communication. Lets assume, for example, that the terminal T of FIG. 3 is scheduled on a determined T-F group.
  • the terminal T When the terminal T moves to the cell border, inside the “soft handover” region SHO, it measures the pilot signal from the interfering neighbor base stations in that area and signals to the mobile radio network N information about the strength of reception from these and its origin base stations NE 1 and NE 2 . Based on that information, the mobile radio network N tries to reserve and/or assign to terminal (T) the same T-F group in the origin base station NE 1 and at least one of the interfering base stations NE 2 involved in the interference scenario with the terminal T. For the reservation and assignment of the T-F group, the mobile radio network N takes into account factors such as the available T-F patterns or T-F groups, load situation in all involved cells, the service type, priority and quality of service the terminal is receiving from the network. It is therefore also possible that based on the available time-frequency patterns a new time-frequency group may be constructed and afterwards reserved.
  • the mobile radio network N also based on information available in the network as mentioned above, can decide to carry out the method according to the invention in two different manners:
  • the serving base stations NE 1 and NE 2 send the same information to the terminal T in a soft handover-like fashion and in a synchronized manner.
  • the impulse responses of the two channels received add up and due to the increased level and increased diversity the signal level is raised up much above any interference so that the service received by the terminal T is improved in a wide region between the base stations.
  • the power will be reduced in the interfering base stations, for the reserved T-F group, to a level in which no substantial interference for the reception of data from the origin base station NE 1 is created or just reduced to zero. Since in this T-F group the main interference came from the neighbor base stations NE 2 , said power reduction improves the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) so that, even at the “soft handover” region SHO, i.e. at the cell border or beyond, the terminal T can be served only by the origin base station NE 1 .
  • the neighbor base stations NE 2 can still use this T-F group to schedule other terminals in their cells C 2 but only with reduced power. These could be, e.g. terminals near to said base station antennas (in the inner circle of the cell C 2 ) that strongly receive the signals from that base station NE 2 .
  • the time-frequency pattern or time-frequency group assignments to these terminals are periodically changed, e.g. every change period of a number K of OFDM symbols, in a random or pseudo random manner. This shapes the produced inter-cell interference more evenly over all time frequency patterns.
  • the T-F groups that are used for terminals in uncoordinated transmissions may be constructed in different cells differently, that is, comprising different time-frequency patterns. Thus usage of one uncoordinated group e.g. in a cell C 1 affects only few time-frequency patterns of another uncoordinated group in the neighbor cell C 2 .
  • An important advantage of the second method or interference coordination method according to the invention is that it allows the origin base station NE 1 alone to schedule the packets for the terminal T, so that the same data does not need to be transmitted from the radio network controller NE 3 to other base stations NE 2 in order to serve the terminal T as was done in the first soft handover-like method. Further, since no other base station besides the origin base station NE 1 is involved in the transmission of data packets to terminal T, this allows that efficient fast automated repeat request (ARQ) mechanisms such as hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ), which allows the receiver to inform the transmitter that certain packets were either not received or corrupted, can be used for retransmission of said corrupted packets from the origin base station NE 1 to the terminal T.
  • ARQ fast automated repeat request
  • HARQ hybrid automated repeat request
  • FIG. 4 shows one out of 15 possible T-F patterns in which the OFDM T-F grid can be partitioned, consisting of 15 different sub-carrier frequency sub-bands FS 1 to FS 15 , each sub-band having 40 sub-carriers, and in which the frequency sub-bands are changed over the time.
  • T-F patterns can be grouped to form a T-F group which can be assigned to a terminal T for communication with the mobile radio network N in a coordinated radio serving scenario (A) or coordinated interference avoidance scenario (B) according to the invention.
  • A coordinated radio serving scenario
  • B coordinated interference avoidance scenario
  • FIG. 5 shows another possibility of partitioning the OFDM T-F grid according to the invention.
  • the figure shows two FP 1 and FP 2 out of 16 possible T-F patterns allocating always the same sub-carrier frequency sub-bands over the time. Because of the constant allocation of frequency sub-bands over the time these T-F patterns can be denoted just as frequency patterns.
  • the pilot and signaling information can be placed every 12 th sub-carrier such as on the numbers 0 , 12 , 24 , 36 , 48 , 60 , 72 etc. up to 696 . So, for example, every even OFDM symbol the sub-carriers 0 , 24 , 48 , 72 etc. carry pilot information and the others 12 , 36 , 60 , etc. signaling information while every odd OFDM symbol the sub-carriers 12 , 36 , 60 , etc. carry pilot information and the others 0 , 24 , 48 , etc. the signaling.
  • the pilot/signaling sub-carriers are shifted by one in the frequency direction such as 1 , 13 , 25 , 37 , 49 , 61 , 73 , etc. up to 697 .
  • This configuration allows 12 shifts until the original locations are reached again.
  • 12 different interleaving non-overlapping pilot/signaling patterns are possible and can be distributed in an area so that neighboring cells never use the same pilot/signaling sub-carriers.
  • 16 frequency patterns FP 1 to FP 16 can be defined consisting of 44 sub-carriers each.
  • the 44 sub-carriers can be placed, for example, in 11 frequency strips FPnS 1 to FPnS 11 spread across the frequency axis while each strip FPnSn contains 4 adjacent sub-carriers as indicated in FIG. 5 .
  • Each basic frequency pattern occupies the same locations in all cells independent of the cell specific pilot pattern and further contains sufficient place in each pattern to accommodate for the specific sending cell pilot positions leaving at least always the basic number of time-frequency locations for the basic channel data rate of 480 complex sub-carrier symbols of such a pattern, so a basic Frequency pattern gets no interference from the sending cell pilots and just interference from neighboring cells with different pilot pattern and only maximally as much as amounts to the overhead place of 4 sub-carriers ⁇ 12 OFDM symbols left for sending pilot locations i.e. the difference between the total place of the Frequency pattern (44 ⁇ 12) and the basic number of time-frequency locations (40 ⁇ 12) for the basic channel data rate.
  • Said frequency patterns can be grouped in T-F groups which can be assigned to a terminal T for communication with the mobile radio network N in both, a coordinated radio serving scenario (A) or a coordinated interference scenario (B) according to the invention.
  • An advantage of the use of frequency patterns according to the invention is that, in case a coordinated interference avoidance method (B) is used for communication between the terminal T and the mobile radio network N, the base stations NE 1 and NE 2 do not need to be time synchronized, since the frequency pattern usage and the interference avoidance is not connected to a time-frame structure e.g. as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • This is a very desirable feature since time synchronization of all base stations in a mobile radio network N is a substantial effort that is now advantageously avoided.
  • means to carry out the coordinated radio serving and interference methods herein described can be located anywhere in the mobile radio network N, that is, in a network element NE such as a base station or a radio network controller or by means of a radio resource manager entity, inside or outside the network elements NE, said means being implemented in a hardware and/or software form.
  • a network element NE such as a base station or a radio network controller or by means of a radio resource manager entity, inside or outside the network elements NE, said means being implemented in a hardware and/or software form.

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