US20040081551A1 - Wind energy plant - Google Patents

Wind energy plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040081551A1
US20040081551A1 US10/470,754 US47075403A US2004081551A1 US 20040081551 A1 US20040081551 A1 US 20040081551A1 US 47075403 A US47075403 A US 47075403A US 2004081551 A1 US2004081551 A1 US 2004081551A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
azimuthal
rotor blade
power installation
wind power
adjustment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US10/470,754
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English (en)
Inventor
Aloys Wobben
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20040081551A1 publication Critical patent/US20040081551A1/en
Priority to US11/065,645 priority Critical patent/US7347667B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/321—Wind directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/326—Rotor angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a wind power installation comprising a pylon and a rotor arranged on the pylon and having at least one individually adjustable rotor blade, comprising a device for detecting the wind direction and a device for detecting the azimuthal position.
  • Such wind power installations generally have an active drive for tracking the wind direction.
  • the drive rotates the machine housing of the wind power installation in such a way that the rotor blades of the rotor are oriented in the direction of the wind if the installation is in the form of a windward-type rotor member.
  • That drive which is required for wind direction tracking is usually an azimuthal drive which is usually disposed with the associated azimuthal bearings between the top of the pylon and the machine housing.
  • an operational wind measuring system supplies a mean value in respect of the wind direction over a certain period of time, for example ten seconds. That mean value is always compared to the instantaneous azimuthal position of the machine housing. As soon as a deviation exceeds a given value, the machine housing is correspondingly adjusted to track the change in wind direction so that the deviation of the rotor in respect of the wind direction, being the yaw angle, is as slight as possible in order to avoid power losses.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a wind power installation of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification in such a way that the service life of the azimuthal drives is prolonged and/or it is possible to use smaller azimuthal drives which can thus be better handled.
  • the invention affords the possibility, besides the hitherto usual azimuth adjustment by means of a motor drive, together with the motor drive or as an alternative thereto, to implement azimuthal positioning by control of the rotor blade adjustment in dependence on a deviation between the wind direction and the azimuthal position. Under some circumstances that is particularly advantageous when only slight azimuthal changes have to be effected. That means that the motor azimuthal drive generally is conserved.
  • the motor azimuthal drive comprises two or more asynchronous motors
  • those motors, for azimuthal adjustment can be supplied with corresponding three-phase current, but retardation of the machine housing is effected by means of a direct current supply to the asynchronous motors and the asynchronous motors are also supplied with direct current during the stoppage condition so that a mechanical brake is not absolutely necessary.
  • motor braking must be terminated, which is preferably effected by the direct current being extremely low or zero.
  • the carrier of a wind power installation according to the invention is a platform on a floating platform or a platform floating in the water
  • the deviation between wind direction and azimuthal position is ascertained from detection of the deflection of the platform out of the horizontal or deflection of the pylon of the wind power installation out of the vertical. In that fashion it is easily possible to detect an inclination which necessarily arises out of a difference between wind direction and azimuthal position.
  • the wind power installation according to the invention has an azimuthal bearing in the form of a plain bearing which, by virtue of predetermined sliding properties, on the one hand prevents knocking or flapping of the pylon head in the event of rapid changes in wind direction but on the other hand, with sufficiently high forces, permits wind direction tracking without a motor drive.
  • the invention provides a method of controlling the angle of incidence of a rotor blade of a wind power installation. That method ascertains a change in wind direction from
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a machine housing of a wind power installation
  • FIG. 2 shows a wind power installation on a platform floating in water
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified view of a control according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a view on to an azimuthal bearing with four drives
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram for an azimuthal motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view on to a wind power installation with the machine housing 10 and rotor blades 11 , 12 .
  • the centre of rotation of the machine housing 10 is marked by a point 20 while the main axis of the horizontal-axis rotor is indicated by a central line 14 .
  • an existing azimuthal drive can be switched on to assist with the rotary movement and to reduce the asymmetric loading. That azimuthal drive is also required if the wind has completely died away and, after a period when there is no wind, blows from a different direction which excludes tracking adjustment of the rotor by the adjustment of the angle of incidence in the above-described manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows a wind power installation on a platform 30 which is floating in the water and which is held in its predetermined position for example by at least two anchor chains 32 .
  • the platform 30 is below the surface 2 of the water while the pylon 8 of the wind power installation sticks up out of the water and carries the machine housing 10 with the rotor blades 12 .
  • the deflection out of the perpendicular at the top of the pylon 8 can already be of a clearly detectable magnitude so that detection at the top of the pylon 8 can provide for the embodiment of a very sensitive device for detecting a change in wind direction and a deflection arising therefrom.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment for the control of the wind power installation in accordance with the invention.
  • a device 40 ascertains the wind direction. That device 40 can be for example a simple weather vane, for example with an incremental sender, as is provided in any case on any wind power installation.
  • a further device 42 ascertains the azimuthal position. Those two devices 40 , 42 communicate their measurement results or data to a control 44 which in turn evaluates the two values from the wind direction detection device 40 and the azimuthal position detection device 42 and compares them and if necessary, on the basis of predeterminable characteristic values, implements suitable adaptation of the angle of incidence of the rotor blades, by way of an adjusting device 46 .
  • the angle of incidence of a rotor blade 12 is adjusted by an adjusting device 46 by way of a control line 48 , for example to a pitch motor (not shown), in a given segment of the circle of the rotor, in such a way that the air resistance thereof is reduced so that the machine housing 10 with the rotor is adjusted in tracking relationship with the wind until the wind direction and the azimuthal position are again coincident within also predeterminable tolerance limits.
  • the control 44 then again provides for the setting of the rotor blades 11 , 12 , which is appropriate for optimum energy output.
  • the control 44 can switch on the azimuthal drive 22 for example by way of a separate control line 49 and thus support the wind direction tracking effect.
  • the third threshold value can be so determined that then a wind direction tracking action is no longer possible by virtue of the change in the angle of incidence of a rotor blade so that here the azimuthal drive 22 is definitely required.
  • FIG. 4 shows an active wind direction tracking device by means of a motor azimuthal drive. That motor drive rotates the machine head of the wind power installation in such a way that the rotor of the wind power installation is optimally aligned in the direction of the wind.
  • Such an active drive for the wind direction tracking action can be an azimuthal drive 51 with an associated azimuthal bearing 52 . That azimuthal bearing is disposed between the pylon head and the machine housing.
  • One azimuthal drive is sufficient in small wind power installations, larger wind power installations are generally equipped with a plurality of azimuthal drives, for example four azimuthal drives, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the four drives 51 are distributed uniformly around the periphery of the pylon head (a non-uniform distribution is also possible).
  • the illustrated azimuthal drives are three-phase current asynchronous motors which are used as asynchronous drive machines.
  • those three-phase current asynchronous motors are supplied with corresponding three-phase current, in which case they produce a corresponding torque.
  • the four three-phase current asynchronous motors are switched off and thus no longer produce any torque.
  • the motors are supplied with a direct current immediately after separation from the three-phase current network, as far as possible immediately thereafter. That direct current produces a stationary magnetic field in the motors which are immediately braked therewith.
  • the direct current supply continues as far as possible throughout the entire stoppage time and can be regulated in respect of amplitude.
  • the ASM-drives are supplied with a regulated direct current by means of a regulating device (see FIG. 5).
  • Slow rotary movements of the pylon head which are caused by asymmetrical gusts of wind are only damped by a low direct current (about 10% of the minimum current), but are admitted.
  • Faster rotary movements are avoided by an adapted higher direct current and thus a higher braking torque.
  • the direct current is raised to the nominal current of the motor.
  • the asynchronous motor does not produce any torque with the direct current magnetisation in the stopped condition. However with a rising rotary speed—up to about 6% of the nominal rotary speed—the torque produced rises linearly, symmetrically in both directions of rotation.
  • the direct current of the asynchronous azimuthal drives is set to zero or is made so low that controlled adjustment of the azimuth can still be effected by means of rotor blade angle adjustment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
US10/470,754 2001-02-10 2002-01-25 Wind energy plant Abandoned US20040081551A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/065,645 US7347667B2 (en) 2001-02-10 2005-02-24 Wind power installation

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10106208A DE10106208C2 (de) 2001-02-10 2001-02-10 Windenergieanlage
DE10106208.7 2001-02-10
PCT/EP2002/000898 WO2002064973A1 (de) 2001-02-10 2002-01-25 Azimuthsnachführung einer windkraftanlage

Related Child Applications (1)

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US11/065,645 Continuation US7347667B2 (en) 2001-02-10 2005-02-24 Wind power installation

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US20040081551A1 true US20040081551A1 (en) 2004-04-29

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ID=7673596

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US11/065,645 Expired - Lifetime US7347667B2 (en) 2001-02-10 2005-02-24 Wind power installation

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US (2) US20040081551A1 (es)
EP (2) EP1362183B1 (es)
JP (2) JP4058341B2 (es)
KR (1) KR100608079B1 (es)
AR (1) AR032565A1 (es)
AT (1) ATE327428T1 (es)
AU (1) AU2002246073B2 (es)
BR (1) BR0207057B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2436356C (es)
CY (1) CY1105412T1 (es)
DE (2) DE10106208C2 (es)
DK (1) DK1362183T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2261647T3 (es)
PT (1) PT1362183E (es)
WO (1) WO2002064973A1 (es)

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JP2005320891A (ja) * 2004-05-07 2005-11-17 Nabtesco Corp 風力発電装置
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EP2159415A2 (en) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-03 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for controlling the yaw angle of a wind turbine
US20100074748A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2010-03-25 Kristian Balschmidt Godsk Method For Operating A Wind Turbine, A Wind Turbine And Use Of The Method
US20100087960A1 (en) * 2007-05-21 2010-04-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine generator and yaw driving method for wind turbine generator
US20100181769A1 (en) * 2009-01-20 2010-07-22 Repower Systems Ag Motor load reduction in a wind power plant
US20110049884A1 (en) * 2009-08-25 2011-03-03 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Yaw system for a nacelle of a wind turbine and wind turbine
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WO2011065840A2 (en) 2009-11-25 2011-06-03 Sway As Method for turning a wind power plant relative to the wind direction
US20110140446A1 (en) * 2008-04-15 2011-06-16 Aloys Wobben Wind energy system having busbars
ES2391332A1 (es) * 2010-12-29 2012-11-23 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Conjunto aerogenerador-plataforma flotante y método para la orientación de dicho conjunto.
US20140091571A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Hitachi, Ltd. Wind Turbine System
EP2390501A3 (en) * 2010-05-28 2014-07-30 General Electric Company Method and system for validating wind turbine
US9403302B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2016-08-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Fabrication method and fabrication device for composite material hollow part
US20180187646A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Acciona Windpower, S.A. Method of reducing loads acting on a wind turbine yaw system
CN110285020A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-09-27 B&R工业自动化有限公司 用于调节风力发电机的调节设备的方法
WO2020109219A1 (de) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-04 Senvion Gmbh Verfahren und system zum betreiben einer windenergieanlage
US11365716B2 (en) * 2018-03-01 2022-06-21 Beijing Goldwind Science & Creation Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. Control method and device for avoiding run-away and wind turbine

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US9487716B2 (en) 2011-05-06 2016-11-08 LiveFuels, Inc. Sourcing phosphorus and other nutrients from the ocean via ocean thermal energy conversion systems
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US9435320B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2016-09-06 Elwha Llc Mitigating wind turbine blade noise generation in view of a minimum power generation requirement
US9759196B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2017-09-12 Elwha Llc Mitigating wind turbine blade noise generation in response to an atmospheric variation
US9677540B2 (en) * 2012-11-29 2017-06-13 General Electric Company System and method for providing yaw backup to a wind farm
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CN104989592B (zh) * 2015-07-07 2018-05-04 中能电力科技开发有限公司 风力发电机组机舱风向校正方法
WO2018095494A1 (en) * 2016-11-28 2018-05-31 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Improving annual energy production of wind turbine sites
JP2019094886A (ja) * 2017-11-28 2019-06-20 株式会社日立製作所 浮体式洋上風力発電装置
CN108223278B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2020-04-24 华润电力风能（阳江）有限公司 一种偏航控制方法及相关设备
CN110630438B (zh) * 2019-10-14 2020-09-11 许昌许继风电科技有限公司 一种风力发电机组的偏航系统的控制方法及装置
KR102275378B1 (ko) * 2020-03-09 2021-07-09 두산중공업 주식회사 멀티형 풍력 발전기 및 멀티형 풍력 발전기의 요잉 방법
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