US20020086671A1 - Roaming authorization system - Google Patents

Roaming authorization system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020086671A1
US20020086671A1 US08/597,066 US59706696D US2002086671A1 US 20020086671 A1 US20020086671 A1 US 20020086671A1 US 59706696 D US59706696 D US 59706696D US 2002086671 A1 US2002086671 A1 US 2002086671A1
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user device
mobile end
wireless
roaming
call
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US6411807B1 (en
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Umesh J. Amin
Michael Redden
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AT&T Mobility II LLC
AT&T Wireless Services Inc
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Individual
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Assigned to AT&T WIRELESS SERVICES, INC. reassignment AT&T WIRELESS SERVICES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: REDDEN, MICHAEL, AMIN, UMESH J.
Publication of US20020086671A1 publication Critical patent/US20020086671A1/en
Assigned to CINGULAR WIRLEESS II, LLC reassignment CINGULAR WIRLEESS II, LLC CERTIFICATE OF CONVERSION Assignors: CINGULAR WIRELESS II, INC.
Assigned to CINGULAR WIRELESS II, INC. reassignment CINGULAR WIRELESS II, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NEW CINGULAR WIRELESS SERVICES, INC. F/K/A AT&T WIRELESS SERVICES, INC.
Assigned to CINGULAR WIRELESS II, LLC reassignment CINGULAR WIRELESS II, LLC CERTIFICATE OF CONVERSION Assignors: CINGULAR WIRELESS II, INC.
Assigned to AT&T MOBILITY II, LLC reassignment AT&T MOBILITY II, LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CINGULAR WIRELESS II, LLC
Assigned to AT&T MOBILITY II LLC reassignment AT&T MOBILITY II LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AT&T MOBILITY II, LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
    • H04W48/04—Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on user or terminal location or mobility data, e.g. moving direction, speed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to communications systems, and more specifically, to a method and system for authorizing wireless users to roam in selected radio coverage areas.
  • wireless communications systems have evolved from their simple origins of single-operator wireless networks to multi-operator seamless roaming networks that allow wireless callers to receive and to initiate calls from wherever they might be—in their home service territory or in a roaming area that might even be located in a foreign country.
  • a great number of technical and administrative obstacles had to be overcome before a subscriber of one wireless service provider could transparently receive wireless communications services from the network of another service provider.
  • multilateral operating agreements had to be negotiated between service providers to standardize communications between the dissimilar switching systems of the different service providers' networks.
  • a common signaling protocol and signaling messages format and definition had to be agreed upon by all participating wireless service providers for exchange of call handling messages between their switching systems.
  • Typical fraudulent ploys for the theft of wireless communications services include, for example, eavesdroppers intercepting legitimate subscriber's wireless telephone sets' Mobile Identification Numbers (MIN) and Electronic Serial Numbers (ESN) pairs from wireless communications frequencies, and publicizing those pairs over fraud-information-dissemination forums, such as electronic bulletin boards. The intercepted MINs and ESNs pairs are then programmed into an illegal wireless device to enable a fraud perpetrator to initiate roaming wireless calls that are charged to the legitimate subscribers' accounts.
  • MIN Mobile Identification Numbers
  • ESN Electronic Serial Numbers
  • the present invention is directed to a wireless network that grants roaming privileges to a wireless communications service subscriber for one or more selected roaming areas only during a limited time period that is identified in a profile of that subscriber.
  • a wireless communications service subscriber is allowed to set a profile that identifies a chosen time window within which wireless calls originated from one or more selected roaming areas are permitted to be completed while wireless calls that are initiated outside of the chosen time window and that are originated from any one of these selected roaming areas are automatically terminated. Similarly, calls initiated from unauthorized roaming areas are also terminated.
  • the subscriber's profile may be, for example, a data structure, such as a table, that associates the subscriber's mobile end-user device MIN and/or ESN to the time window for the selected roaming area(s).
  • the MIN and/or ESN associated with the mobile end-user device is used as a search key to retrieve the subscriber's profile.
  • the subscriber's profile may be stored, for example, at the Home Location Register of the subscriber's service provider.
  • the current date i.e., the date at which the registration process is initiated, is then compared to the time window information retrieved from the profile. If the current date falls within the range of permissible dates specified in the profile for the selected roaming area, the registration process proceeds in a conventional manner. Otherwise, a registration denial procedure may be initiated based, for example, on the subscriber's roaming history.
  • a call intercept feature may be activated for the mobile end-user device.
  • the call is automatically routed to a live or automatic operator instead of its intended destination.
  • the operator then prompts the caller for certain information to validate the caller's identity. If the information provided by the caller is valid, the call is then completed to its intended destination. Otherwise, the call is terminated.
  • the serving wireless service provider can deny services to that particular subscriber either for a finite amount of time or on a permanent basis. Alternatively, services may be allowed or denied based on the results of further verification of the subscriber's identity.
  • FIG. 1 is a communications switching system arranged in accordance with the invention to allow wireless communications services providers to authorize wireless calls from selected roaming areas;
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are flow diagrams of call processing instructions executed by some of the components of FIG. 1 to register a mobile end-user device, and to complete wireless calls from selected roaming areas;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a profile that associates MINs and ESNs with selected roaming areas
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a table that correlates MINs and ESNs to a permissible roaming time period.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a multi-operator seamless roaming communications network that includes a land-line network 70 , a wireless visiting network 104 and a wireless home network 120 .
  • the land-line network 70 includes interconnected local, tandem and toll switches (not shown) that enable a telephone call initiated from wired telephone 101 to be completed to another telephone set, such as set 80 , or to be forwarded to wireless network 120 or 104 for completion to a mobile end-user device such as wireless telephone set 10 or 20 .
  • mobile end-user devices 5 , 10 , 20 and 30 are simply referred to as “mobiles” 5 , 10 , 20 and 30 .
  • Each mobile is typically assigned a home network, so that, at any given time, a particular mobile may be either located in its home network or roaming in another network.
  • wireless network 104 is labeled “visiting network” 104 while wireless network 120 is called “home network” 120 . This is done to more clearly separate the role of visiting network 104 (in which the roaming mobile 20 or 30 is currently located) from the functions of home network 120 (which is the wireless service provider for the owner of roaming mobile 20 or 30 ).
  • visiting wireless network 104 is arranged to detect the presence of roaming mobiles 20 and 30 , and to inform home network 120 of that presence.
  • home network 120 is responsible for communicating to visiting network 104 signaling information indicative of permission to grant roaming privileges to roaming mobiles 20 and 30 .
  • Other information transferred by home network 120 to visiting network 104 includes a list of features subscribed to by the owner of roaming mobiles 20 and 30 , as described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 4.
  • Mobiles 20 and 30 may use any conventional wireless technology for communicating with visiting wireless network 104 .
  • mobile 20 may be a conventional cellular telephone set while mobile telephone set 30 may be a low-mobility Personal Communications Service (PCS) end-user device.
  • PCS Personal Communications Service
  • mobiles 20 and 30 are shown in FIG. 1 as a car phone and a wireless telephone set, respectively, it is to be understood that mobiles 20 and 30 may be wireless data communications or multimedia communications devices.
  • wireless visiting network 104 and wireless home network 120 The operations of wireless visiting network 104 and wireless home network 120 and the interactions of their elements to implement the principles of the invention are better understood when described in conjunction with a flow diagram for the registration process for one of the mobiles, mobile 20 , for example.
  • This flow diagram is shown in FIG. 2 and is described below with reference to the elements of FIG. 1.
  • visiting network 104 and home network 120 are (for the sake of simplicity) similarly configured, a description of the components of visiting network 104 is provided below with reference to equivalent components in home network 120 indicated in parentheses.
  • IP 53 ( 63 ) that is connected to MTSO 50 ( 60 ).
  • IP 53 One of the modular components that may be included in IP 53 ( 63 ) is Voice Response Unit (VRU) 53 , which is arranged to prompt a caller for specific information by asking questions in the form of recorded announcements that are based on a set of modules in a transaction script. Relevant information collected from a caller in the form of Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signals or speech input is interpreted by VRU 53 for delivery to Home Location Register (HLR 91 ), as explained below.
  • VRU Voice Response Unit
  • Voice Response Unit 53 may be implemented using, for example, vendors' products, such as the Brite system or the AT&T Conversant Voice System whose architecture and features are described in AT&T Technical Journal, Vol. 65, Issue 5, pp. 33-47, September/October 1986.
  • VM Voice Mail
  • FIG. 1 Also shown in FIG. 1 as a modular component of IP 53 ( 63 ) is Voice Mail (VM) system 54 which is arranged to deliver a prompting announcement soliciting a telephone number at which a calling party can be reached.
  • VM Voice Mail
  • Well-known voice mail systems include the Octel Communications System and the AT&T Audio exchange system whose features and functionality are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,790,003 issued to G. D. Kepley, et al. on Dec. 6, 1988.
  • the registration process allows the identity and the relative position of a mobile in an active idle state to be known to a home network, such as home network 120 , for functions such as a) delivery of incoming calls to the wireless set, and b) billing for calls initiated or received by the set.
  • the registration process is typically initiated when a user powers on wireless telephone set 20 , as indicated in step 201 .
  • wireless network 104 is an analog communications system that implements, for example, the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) cellular radio standard
  • mobile 20 determines the frequency of the strongest received radio signal to locate the reverse control radio channel associated with the nearest base station, which may be either base station 36 or 37 depending on factors such as the strength of signals radiated by one of these base stations.
  • the reverse radio control channel is a signaling channel that is used by a base station to exchange signaling information with mobiles in the radio coverage area of a base station known as a “cell”.
  • Base stations 36 and 37 include transceivers and other hardware arranged to transfer via the airwaves information received from Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) 50 ( 60 ) via wired facilities 16 and 17 ( 14 and 15 ) respectively.
  • MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching Office
  • point-to-point microwave links may also be used to connect base stations 36 , 37 ( 39 , 40 ) to MTSO 50 ( 60 ).
  • base station 36 upon receiving the MIN and ESN pair associated with mobile 20 , base station 36 typically transmits the MIN/ESN information to MTSO 50 , as indicated in step 202 .
  • MTSO 50 ( 60 ) is comprised of a set of modular hardware and software components designed to administer the allocation of radio channels within the visiting network 104 (home network 120 ), and to coordinate paging of wireless telephone sets 10 and 30 for calls destined for those sets. MTSO 50 also coordinates hand-off of calls (in progress) from one base station to another, as mobile 20 leaves one cell to cross the borders of another cell.
  • MTSO 50 ( 60 ) is shown in FIG. 1 as being remote from base stations 36 and 37 , ( 39 and 40 ), it is to be understood that MTSO 50 ( 60 ) may be co-located with one of the base stations 36 and 37 ( 39 and 40 ).
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • 62 Mobile Switching Center
  • MSC 51 61
  • VLR 52 VLR 52 , which determines based on the digits of the received MIN, that mobile 30 is a roaming mobile.
  • VLR 52 is a database facility that is used to retrieve information for handling communications services requests from a roaming mobile.
  • VLR 52 uses the MIN and ESN pair included in the REGNOT message to identify Home Location Register (HLR) HLR 66 as the home location register of mobile 30 . Thereafter, VLR 52 sends a Registration Notification (REGNOT) message to Home Location Register (HLR) HLR 66 .
  • HLR Home Location Register
  • an HLR is a database facility that stores subscriber information associated with a mobile. Information stored for a subscriber includes the MIN/ESN pair of the subscriber's mobile end-user device, and the subscriber's profile which identifies the set of features, capabilities and/or operations restrictions associated with the subscriber for roaming and local communications services.
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustrative table that stores information associated with a profile of a wireless subscriber.
  • the fields grouped under the header “subscribed features” indicate the different communications services features that may be subscribed to by a user.
  • the table of FIG. 4 shows only the call waiting, call forwarding, 3-way calling and international calling features, it is to be understood that other features may also be available.
  • Information associated with the respective date/time within which a subscriber can roam in one or more particular location areas is shown in the table of FIG. 4 under the “Roaming Restriction per MSC (RRM)” group of fields.
  • RRM Roaming Restriction per MSC
  • a location area is a wireless geographical area served by an MSC.
  • the unique identification number of an MSC identifies not only the MSC but also the location area served by the MSC.
  • the RRM group of fields includes a RRM List field which is a pointer identifying a set of location areas (illustrated in the table of FIG. 5 ) in which roaming is authorized only when certain conditions are met.
  • the subscriber whose profile is shown in the table of FIG. 4 can exercise roaming privileges in location areas associated with MSCIDs 28 , 15 and 33 only after the date indicated in the time specification field.
  • the date in the time specification field may be entered in YYDDD format, where YY represents the last two digits of the year, and 1 ⁇ DDD ⁇ 366.
  • the YYDDD format allows easier comparison of the date stored in the time specification field (t 1 ) with current date (t 0 ). It is worth noting that a subscriber is free to roam in a location area that is not identified by a pointer in the RRM list in the subscriber's profile.
  • the tables of FIGS. 4 and 5 provide great flexibility in designing a profile for a subscriber since a profile may have 20 entries (or more) in the RRM group of fields, and any combination of 256 (or more) different MSCIDs represented in those entries.
  • the roaming characteristic associated with a particular MIN/ESN pair is shown in the table of FIG. 4 .
  • a subscriber who is a frequent roamer is given a roaming characteristic value of “1” while a value of “0” in the roaming characteristic field indicates that a subscriber has no (or very little) roaming history.
  • values ranging from 0 to 9 may be used to identify the roaming characteristics of a subscriber. In the latter case values above a threshold of 4 or 5, for example, would indicate that a subscriber is a frequent roamer.
  • VLR 52 transmits a “registration invoke” signaling message to HLR 66 , in step 204 , to request the subscriber profile stored in HLR 66 .
  • the “registration invoke” signaling message includes the MSCID of MSC 51 and the MIN/ESN pair.
  • HLR 66 uses the MIN/ESN pair of mobile 30 to retrieve the subscriber's profile associated with that mobile, as indicated in step 205 .
  • HLR 66 determines, in step 206 , whether roaming privileges are restricted for the received MIN/ESN pair in the roaming area from which the registration request originated. This is achieved in a two-step process. In a first step, the pointers represented by the contents of the RRM list field in the subscriber's profile are used to retrieve the MSCIDs illustrated n FIG. 5. In a second step, the MSCID included in the “registration invoke” message is compared to each one of the retrieved MSCIDs. If no match is found, HLR 66 proceeds with the registration procedure in a conventional manner, as indicated in step 207 .
  • HLR 66 compares the current date with the date indicated in the time specification field in the profile for the RRM list number in question. If the content in the time specification field indicates a later date than the current date, HLR 66 proceeds with the registration procedure as follows.
  • HLR 66 determines in step 208 whether the subscriber associated with the MIN/ESN pair of mobile 20 is a frequent roamer. This is indicated, in this illustrative example, by a value of “1” in the roaming characteristic field of the profile for a frequent roamer and a value of “0” for an infrequent roamer. What is considered a frequent roamer is implementation-dependent. For example, a service provider may consider a subscriber who roams three times (or more) a month a frequent roamer, while another service provider may label a frequent roamer only subscribers who roam 10 times (or more) a month.
  • VLR 52 If the subscriber is not a frequent roamer, as determined in step 208 , a denial of registration message is returned to the VLR, as shown in step 208 .
  • HLR 66 sends a signaling message to VLR 52 to instruct the latter to intercept any outgoing call initiated by mobile 20 and to complete the call instead to either a live operator (not shown) or to Voice Processing System 63 .
  • VLR 52 Upon receiving the call interception signaling message from HLR 91 , VLR 52 creates a record in its data structure for the MIN/ESN pair of mobile 20 . The record will include the telephone number of Voice Processing System 63 (or the operator) to which intercepted calls should be forwarded.
  • FIG. 3 shows illustrative processing instructions executed by some of the elements of FIG. 1 to complete wireless calls initiated from mobile 20 when the call interception feature has been activated as part of the registration process.
  • a user at mobile 20 initiates a wireless call, as shown in step 301 , the call is received by base station 36 which forwards the MIN/ESN and the dialed number to MSC 51 via line 16 .
  • MSC 51 queries VLR 52 to determine how to complete the call.
  • VLR 52 instructs MSC 51 to forward the call and the dialed number to Voice Response Unit 65 , as illustrated in step 302 .
  • Voice Response Unit 55 uses recorded announcements stored therein to prompt the caller for personal authentication information. Questions posed to a caller may include, for example, the subscriber's social security number, date of birth or other information that can be entered as digits on a dial pad.
  • additional information such as billing address or mother's maiden name, may also be collected as authentication information from the caller.
  • Voice Response Unit 55 proceeds to transfer the collected information to HLR 66 for validation therein. This may be accomplished, for example, by comparing the information collected from the caller to data stored in the personal information field in the subscriber's profile of FIG. 4. If a match is found, the information provided by the caller is considered valid. Otherwise, the information received by Voice Response Unit 55 from the caller is considered invalid. When the received information is invalid, as determined in step 304 , the call is terminated, as indicated in step 305 . Alternatively, law enforcement authorities may be alerted for appropriate action.
  • Voice Response Unit 55 in step 306 , prompts the caller for information which includes his or her duration of stay in the roaming area. Thereafter, Voice Response Unit 55 , in step 307 , completes the call to the destination number provided by the caller. This is accomplished, for example, by Voice Response Unit 55 instructing MSC 61 to establish a connection to the destination number provided by the caller and bridging the first leg of the connection (i.e., from the caller to Voice Response Unit 55 ) to the second leg of the connection (i.e., from MSC 61 to the destination number provided by the caller).
  • Voice Response Unit 55 transfers the duration of stay information collected from the caller to HLR 66 .
  • HLR 66 Upon receiving that information, HLR 66 , in step 308 enters that information in the time specification field of FIG. 5 to update the subscriber's profile. Thereafter, HLR 66 , in step 309 , sends a signaling message to VLR 52 to indicate that the call interception feature has been deactivated.
  • MSC 51 ( 61 ), HLR 56 ( 66 ) and VLR 52 ( 62 ) are shown in FIG. 1 as distinct physical components, it is to be understood that those components may be integrated in one networking entity that performs the individual functions carried out by each one of those components.
  • the time specification field may be populated by a caller dialing a telephone number, such as a toll-free number that is associated with Voice Response Unit 55 to populate the roaming restriction period field for one or more selected roaming areas.
  • This method may also be used to select a new roaming area.
  • Population of the roaming restriction field using this method involves Voice Response Unit 55 prompting a caller for authentication information before the caller is authorized to select a roaming area or provide time specification data for a roaming area.
  • Voice Response Unit 55 transfers the collected information to HLR 66 for storage in the tables of FIG. 4 and 5 .

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US10/051,713 Expired - Fee Related US6560455B2 (en) 1996-02-05 2002-01-17 Roaming authorization system

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MX9700887A (es) 1998-04-30
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CA2195494C (en) 2001-04-24
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CA2195494A1 (en) 1997-08-06
US6560455B2 (en) 2003-05-06

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