US20020080439A1 - System for attaching broadband test point within HFC network - Google Patents
System for attaching broadband test point within HFC network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020080439A1 US20020080439A1 US10/017,062 US1706201A US2002080439A1 US 20020080439 A1 US20020080439 A1 US 20020080439A1 US 1706201 A US1706201 A US 1706201A US 2002080439 A1 US2002080439 A1 US 2002080439A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- downstream
- ingress
- directional coupler
- hfc network
- upstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
- A61K41/0061—5-aminolevulinic acid-based PDT: 5-ALA-PDT involving porphyrins or precursors of protoporphyrins generated in vivo from 5-ALA
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2801—Broadband local area networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a bidirectional cable television (CATV) network and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for attaching broadband test points (BTP) within the network to monitor ingress noise in the network
- CATV bidirectional cable television
- BTP broadband test points
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portion of a typical bi-directional CATV network using modems for data transmissions.
- the network 10 shown in FIG. 1 is included to aid in the explanation of the present invention and is merely exemplary of the many CATV network configurations.
- the network 10 originates at a hub 12 and terminates at subscriber cable modems 26 .
- a headend services a number of hubs.
- the network may terminate at the hub 12 , in which case the hub 12 itself is the headend.
- Hub 12 typically contains a modem termination system that transmits and receives data from subscriber modems 26 .
- the hub 12 is connected to a distribution node 16 through a fiber-optic line 14 .
- a hub 12 can typically support up to 80 distribution nodes 16 .
- Each of the nodes 16 is typically connected to a number of bi-directional amplifiers 20 by coaxial cable branch lines 18 .
- Each bi-directional amplifier 20 is, in turn, connected to at least one tap 22 .
- Each tap 22 is ultimately connected to the modems 26 by coaxial cable drop lines 24 .
- Other cable devices such as set top boxes, televisions, and embedded media terminal adapters may be present at the downstream end of the network 10 in addition to or instead of modems 26 .
- upstream refers to: (1) parts of the network 10 located between a reference point on the network and the hub 12 , and (2) signals in the network travelling in the direction of the hub 12 .
- downstream refers to: (1) parts of the network 10 located between a reference point and cable modems 26 , and (2) signals in the network travelling away from the hub 12 .
- CATV networks of this type are commonly referred to hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks or plants because they include a combination of fiber-optic lines (usually located between the hub 12 and the nodes 16 ) and coaxial cable lines (usually located downstream from the nodes 16 ).
- the terms CATV network, CATV plant, HFC network and HFC plant are used interchangeably herein and should be understood to generally refer to a network of the type described above and shown in FIG. 1.
- Ingress noise remains a problem in HFC networks. Ingress noise can be introduced from many sources, such as RF emissions from electrical appliances used near open or loose cable connections in residences, radio transmissions on the network cables, and RF interference from electrical devices entering via cable ground, for example. Ideally, such noise could be dramatically reduced or eliminated by replacing the coaxial portions of HFC networks with fiber-optic lines. However, conversion of entire HFC networks to fiber optic technology is not economically feasible at this time. Ingress noise in the upstream direction is particularly problematic because ingress in drop lines 24 and branches 28 accumulates as data moves upstream to the hub 12 . The first step in blocking or reducing such ingress is identifying which part of the network 10 in the source of the ingress noise.
- ingress noise is continuously monitored only at the hub 12 , or at a headend in larger networks.
- a technician is dispatched to isolate the source of ingress by manually attaching an ingress monitoring interface to test points located at various locations along the network 10 , including nodes 16 , amplifiers 20 and taps 22 .
- This method of isolating ingress in an HFC network is both time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, a more efficient and cost effective method of locating ingress in an HFC network is needed.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing a typical HFC network
- FIG. 2 shows a simplified block diagram of an amplifier and a tap having, in accordance with the present invention, a BTP which receives power via power passing from the tap;
- FIG. 3 shows a variation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 wherein the BTP is located and receives power from a building;
- FIG. 4 shows a simplified block diagram of a stand alone BTP spliced directly into a branch line
- FIG. 5 shows a node having a built-in BTP
- FIG. 6 shows an amplifier having a built-in BTP.
- the present invention comprises a system for monitoring ingress in an HFC network having a hub, a domain manager located for monitoring the status of the HFC network, a fiber-optic line, and a node located along the fiber-optic line.
- the system includes a BTP remotely located at or downstream from the node.
- the BTP has an ingress monitoring interface connected to the HFC network to detect ingress in the HFC network downstream from the interface.
- the BTP also includes a modem in communication with the domain manager to transmit detected ingress information.
- FIG. 2 shows a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a tap 22 that has been modified to support a BTP 30 .
- the tap 22 is located just downstream from an amplifier 20 so that the BTP 30 can monitor all ingress sources for the branch 18 on which the tap 22 is located.
- the branch 18 enters the upstream end of the tap 22 and is divided by a diplexer 32 into an AC power line 34 and an RF line 36 .
- the tap 22 includes an upstream-facing directional coupler 40 , which is configured to pass signals back and forth in the upstream direction only.
- the upstream-facing directional coupler 40 is connected to a series of splitters 42 , which divide the line into multiple (in this case, eight) drop lines 24 , most of which are available for connection to subscriber terminals (not shown).
- One of the drop lines 24 is connected to a modem 62 located in the BTP 30 , the function of which will be described in greater detail herein.
- the tap 22 also includes a downstream-facing directional coupler 56 that is connected by a coaxial line 58 to an ingress monitoring interface 60 located in the BTP 30 .
- the ingress monitoring interface 60 is connected to the downstream-facing directional coupler 56 to monitor ingress into the network 10 downstream from the directional coupler 56 .
- the downstream-facing directional coupler 56 is preferably located upstream from the upstream-facing directional coupler 40 so that the ingress monitoring interface 60 can monitor ingress noise in the drop lines 24 .
- Ingress information gathered by the ingress monitoring interface 60 is communicated to the domain manager located in the hub 12 or headend (see FIG. 1) by modem 62 which sends signals upstream through the HFC network.
- the BTP configuration shown in FIG. 2 can be repeated at multiple points throughout the network, thereby providing real-time ingress data for a plurality of points throughout the network and enabling isolation of the ingress source(s) without the need to dispatch technicians to perform manual spot tests.
- the BTP 30 may be powered by any convenient means.
- the preferred means for powering BTP 30 will depend upon the configuration of the network.
- the BTP 30 is shown receiving power via power passing from the AC line 34 through a line 64 that preferably consists of a twisted pair. Power could also be supplied to the BTP 30 by diplexing one of the coaxial lines 58 , 24 feeding the ingress monitoring interface 60 and the modem 62 .
- the BTP 30 may be mounted by any convenient means, such as strand-mounting or pedestal-mounting.
- the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is preferred for applications in which the BTP 30 is retrofitted onto existing HFC networks because it only requires replacement of tap face plates, which are relatively inexpensive components.
- this embodiment is unlikely to require network reconfiguration or installation of additional amplifiers because the upstream and downstream RF level drops introduced by this embodiment are likely to be within the AGC (auto gain control) capacity of the amplifier 20 immediately upstream from the tap 22 .
- FIG. 3 there is shown a modified version of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2.
- the BTP 30 is located in a building 68 which supplies power to the BTP 30 though a power line 70 .
- This modification is suitable for limited trial use, but is less suitable for widespread, permanent deployment of the BTP 30 because it would require access to a building at every tap 22 at which a BTP 30 was to be placed.
- FIG. 4 shows a first alternative embodiment of the present invention in which like elements in alternative preferred embodiments are represented by reference numerals increased by factors of 100 (for example, the BTP 30 in FIG. 2 corresponds to the BTP 130 in FIG. 4 and the BTP 230 in FIG. 5).
- FIG. 4 shows a strand-mounted BTP 130 spliced directly into the branch 118 .
- the branch 118 enters the BTP 130 and is divided by a diplexer 132 into an AC line 134 and an RF line 136 .
- a downstream-facing directional coupler 140 is mounted on the RF line 136 and connected to an ingress monitoring interface 160 .
- An upstream-facing directional coupler 156 is mounted on the RF line 136 upstream from the downstream-facing directional coupler 140 and is connected to a modem 162 .
- An amplifier 120 is preferably located immediately upstream from the BTP 130 to capture ingress from all sources on that branch 118 of the network.
- the term “immediately upstream from” means that there are no other components, such as taps, for example, located on the branch 118 between the amplifier 120 and the BTP 130 .
- Power for the BTP 130 is provided via power passing through the AC line 134 and an AC to DC power converter 172 and a power line 164 .
- the power converter 172 although shown only in FIG. 4, is necessary in each of the embodiments to convert AC power in the network to DC power in the various BTP configurations. However, the converter 172 is often integrated into the BTP, and therefore, is not shown as a separate component in the other embodiments.
- the strand mounted BTP 130 may include an internal upstream and/or downstream amplifier (not shown) for unity gain.
- a second alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5, and comprises a modified node 216 .
- the modified node 216 includes a built-in BTP 230 .
- the node 216 converts light travelling through the fiber-optic line 214 into electrical signals, splits the line into multiple coaxial branches 218 , and provides amplification to the downstream signals.
- the inclusion of four branches 218 is intended to be exemplary. Other numbers of branches 218 are, of course, possible.
- the fiber-optic line 214 is connected to a fiber-optic receiver 282 and a fiber-optic transmitter 280 .
- the fiber optic receiver 282 converts downstream optical signals to electronic signals, which exit the receiver 282 through a coaxial line 286 .
- the coaxial line 286 is then divided into four lines 286 by a series of splitters 242 .
- An amplifier 278 is typically located on each of the four lines 286 to boost downstream signal strength. After amplification, each of the downstream coaxial lines 286 passes through a diplexer 238 and exits the node 216 in one of the branches 218 .
- the four upstream coaxial lines 284 are joined into a single coaxial line 284 by splitters 242 .
- the fiber-optic transmitter 280 then converts the upstream electrical signal into an optical signal, which exits the transmitter 280 through the fiber-optic line 214 .
- the node 216 includes a BTP 230 having an ingress-monitoring interface 260 and a modem 262 .
- a downstream-facing directional coupler 240 is located on each of the downstream signal coaxial lines 286 downstream from the splitters 242 .
- Each downstream-facing directional coupler 240 is connected to the ingress monitoring interface 260 by a line 276 .
- the upstream-facing directional coupler 256 is preferably located on the coaxial line 284 between the splitters 242 and the transmitter 280 and is connected by a line 258 to the modem 262 .
- Power for the BTP 230 is preferably provided internally by the node 216 via power passing.
- FIG. 6 shows the incorporation of a BTP 330 into an amplifier 320 .
- forward and reverse amplifiers 382 , 380 are substituted for the fiber-optic receiver and transmitter 282 , 280 , respectively, since signals enter and exit the amplifier 320 through coaxial branches 318 .
- the amplifier 320 is otherwise very similar in structure to the node 216 and therefore will not be described in detail.
- FIGS. 5 & 6 Due to the number of directional couplers that the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 & 6 would add to an HFC network and the cost of replacing nodes and amplifiers, these embodiments are most suitable for use when installed in a new network as opposed to being retrofitted into an existing one.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/017,062 US20020080439A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | System for attaching broadband test point within HFC network |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25569100P | 2000-12-14 | 2000-12-14 | |
US10/017,062 US20020080439A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | System for attaching broadband test point within HFC network |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020080439A1 true US20020080439A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
Family
ID=22969477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/017,062 Abandoned US20020080439A1 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2001-12-14 | System for attaching broadband test point within HFC network |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020080439A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2248536A3 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004516713A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20030059342A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1484904A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002232572A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA03005326A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002049285A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100866594B1 (ko) | 2008-05-22 | 2008-11-03 | 반도전자통신주식회사 | Hfc 망 멀티 상향 셀 모니터링 장치 |
US9031409B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2015-05-12 | Arris Technology, Inc. | System and method for avoiding upstream interference in RF-over-glass network |
US20180254946A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-09-06 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Hfc network fault locating method, apparatus, and system |
US10651958B1 (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-05-12 | Arris Enterprises Llc | Bi-directional coupler with termination point for a test point |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7330886B2 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 2008-02-12 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Network appliance management |
US8271626B2 (en) | 2001-01-26 | 2012-09-18 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Methods for displaying physical network topology and environmental status by location, organization, or responsible party |
WO2004098117A2 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-11 | Mediacell Licensing Corporation | Distributed gain network |
US7627651B2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2009-12-01 | American Power Conversion Corporation | System and method for network device communication |
US7489641B2 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2009-02-10 | Acterna | Data connection quality analysis apparatus and methods |
AU2008255030B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2014-02-20 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Methods and systems for managing facility power and cooling |
US8990536B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2015-03-24 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Systems and methods for journaling and executing device control instructions |
US8948596B2 (en) | 2011-07-01 | 2015-02-03 | CetusView Technologies, LLC | Neighborhood node mapping methods and apparatus for ingress mitigation in cable communication systems |
WO2013095516A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Schneider Electric It Corporation | Analysis of effect of transient events on temperature in a data center |
EP2974041A4 (de) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-10-26 | Certusview Technologies Llc | Elektrooptische vorrichtung und verfahren zur aufwärtsausrichtung von kabelkommunikationssystemen |
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US4812779A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1989-03-14 | Texscan Corporation | Low-power feedforward amplifier |
US5745836A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-04-28 | Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. | Undesirable energy suppression system in a contention based communication network |
US5815794A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-09-29 | Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. | Undesirable energy suppression system in the return path of a bidirectional cable network having dynamically allocated time slots |
US5845190A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-12-01 | Ericsson Raynet | Cable access device and method |
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US5937330A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-08-10 | General Instrument Corporation | Settop terminal controlled return path filter for minimizing noise ingress on bidirectional cable systems |
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US6772437B1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2004-08-03 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Cable modems and systems and methods for identification of a noise signal source on a cable network |
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US5955490A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1999-09-21 | Queen's University At Kingston | Photochemotherapeutic method using 5-aminolevulinic acid and other precursors of endogenous porphyrins |
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DE69330277T2 (de) | 1992-09-21 | 2002-04-18 | Quadra Logic Tech Inc | Transkutane in-vivo aktivierung von photoempfindlichen mitteln im blut |
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-
2001
- 2001-08-13 EP EP10003702A patent/EP2248536A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-14 US US10/017,062 patent/US20020080439A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-14 MX MXPA03005326A patent/MXPA03005326A/es unknown
- 2001-12-14 AU AU2002232572A patent/AU2002232572A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-14 JP JP2002550665A patent/JP2004516713A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-14 CN CNA018205836A patent/CN1484904A/zh active Pending
- 2001-12-14 WO PCT/US2001/048206 patent/WO2002049285A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-12-14 EP EP01992098A patent/EP1350364A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-14 KR KR10-2003-7007966A patent/KR20030059342A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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US4812779A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1989-03-14 | Texscan Corporation | Low-power feedforward amplifier |
US6321384B1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 2001-11-20 | General Instrument Corporation | Noise reduction in cable return paths |
US5745836A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-04-28 | Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. | Undesirable energy suppression system in a contention based communication network |
US5815794A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1998-09-29 | Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. | Undesirable energy suppression system in the return path of a bidirectional cable network having dynamically allocated time slots |
US5845190A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1998-12-01 | Ericsson Raynet | Cable access device and method |
US6530087B1 (en) * | 1996-05-13 | 2003-03-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cable network system with ingress noise suppressing function |
US6292944B1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 2001-09-18 | Trilithic, Inc. | Return path ingress in a two-way CATV system |
US5893024A (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1999-04-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Data communication apparatus and method thereof |
US6094211A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 2000-07-25 | Com21, Inc. | TV and data cable system ingress noise blocker |
US5937330A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 1999-08-10 | General Instrument Corporation | Settop terminal controlled return path filter for minimizing noise ingress on bidirectional cable systems |
US6772437B1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2004-08-03 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Cable modems and systems and methods for identification of a noise signal source on a cable network |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100866594B1 (ko) | 2008-05-22 | 2008-11-03 | 반도전자통신주식회사 | Hfc 망 멀티 상향 셀 모니터링 장치 |
US9031409B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2015-05-12 | Arris Technology, Inc. | System and method for avoiding upstream interference in RF-over-glass network |
US20180254946A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-09-06 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Hfc network fault locating method, apparatus, and system |
US10476737B2 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2019-11-12 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) network fault locating method, apparatus, and system |
US10651958B1 (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-05-12 | Arris Enterprises Llc | Bi-directional coupler with termination point for a test point |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002049285A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
EP2248536A2 (de) | 2010-11-10 |
AU2002232572A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
CN1484904A (zh) | 2004-03-24 |
JP2004516713A (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
MXPA03005326A (es) | 2003-10-06 |
EP2248536A3 (de) | 2010-12-08 |
KR20030059342A (ko) | 2003-07-07 |
EP1350364A1 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
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