US20020018846A1 - Method of providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material - Google Patents

Method of providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material Download PDF

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US20020018846A1
US20020018846A1 US09/881,381 US88138101A US2002018846A1 US 20020018846 A1 US20020018846 A1 US 20020018846A1 US 88138101 A US88138101 A US 88138101A US 2002018846 A1 US2002018846 A1 US 2002018846A1
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Prior art keywords
base body
coating
magnetizable
magnetizable material
coated
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US6440490B2 (en
Inventor
Thilo Krumpiegl
Andreas Kuhn
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRUMPIEGL, THILO, KUHN, ANDREAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G01L3/102—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving magnetostrictive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
    • G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
    • G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
    • G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
    • G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G01L3/102—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving magnetostrictive means
    • G01L3/103—Details about the magnetic material used

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material.
  • This object is achieved by using a magnetizably material coating comprising a mixture of ferrite or materials comprising rare earths and a metallic component, whereby the composition of the magnetizable material is changed continuously from the beginning to the end of the spray application in such a way that the proportion of ferrite or of the materials comprising rare earths is chosen to increase from the beginning to the end of the spray application.
  • the coating is applied in conjunction with a uniform rotating motion of the base body.
  • a uniform coating with the magnetizable material is achieved and further the depth of the layer thickness can be achieved with precision.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention contemplates the magnetizable material being sprayed on in the form of a powder in a grain size of 1-100 ⁇ m. It has been found that in this case an extremely good bonding of the sprayed-on magnetizable material with the surface of the base body, and also of the magnetizable material with itself, is made possible. If the spraying of the magnetizable coating material occurs under a vacuum, this effect is further enhanced, since no impurities from the atmosphere impair the bonding between the magnetizable material and the base body.
  • An additionally very advantageous feature of the invention involves roughening the surface of the base body before the coating is applied. This increases still further the adhesive strength of the magnetizable material on the base body.
  • Yet another advantageous feature of the invention is that after applying the coating to a base body, the coated base body is subjected to a heat treatment. This causes the magnetizable material to be transformed from an amorphous structure to a crystalline structure. Such a recrystallization annealing improves the preconditions for later magnetization which may be enhanced if need be by simultaneously applying an external magnetic field.
  • the surface of the base body coated with the magnetizable material is advantageously brought to a desired size by grinding, since this avoids damaging the applied surface layer, as can occur with other working methods, for example turning.
  • a further advantageous feature of the invention is that a number of magnetic tracks, required according to a particular use can be impressed into the coated base body. In this way the number of desired magnetic tracks does not have to be fixed until directly before use of the coated base body.
  • a particularly advantageous technical use for the invention is for the base body to be in the form of a coated steel hub for use as a measuring wheel in a magnetoresistive rotary transducer system.
  • FIG. 1 shows the application of magnetizable material to a base body
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the coated base body with the proportion of ferrite in the surface layer increasing continuously from the inside to the outside;
  • FIG. 3 shows the magnetization of the coated base body.
  • FIG. 1 the application of magnetizable material M to a base body GK is represented in the form of a basic diagram.
  • the base body GK may in this case be assumed to be a steel cylinder, which is rotated about an axis, indicated by a cross, in the direction of an arcuate arrow.
  • the magnetizable material M which for example comprises a powder in a grain size between 1 and 100 ⁇ m, is applied, as indicated by an arrow, to the base body GK with the aid of devices at high temperature ⁇ , not represented for the sake of overall clarity.
  • the temperature conditions are chosen in this case such that the possibly preheated base body GK and the preheated magnetizable pulverized material M lead to an adhering homogeneous layer on the base body GK when the stream of material impinges on the base body GK.
  • the base body GK it may be advantageous for the base body GK to have a pre-roughened surface.
  • the application of the magnetizable material M may in this case take place in the natural atmosphere or in an inert-gas atmosphere, but it is also possible to carry out this procedure in a vacuum, the latter leading to particularly desirable results.
  • the magnetizable material M principally comprises ferrites or materials comprising rare earths with magnetic properties, and metallic additives, which may be in the form of pure metals or a metal alloys and which are of significance in obtaining a load-bearing homogeneous surface layer.
  • the thermal spraying can take place in such a way that, for example, the proportion of ferrite F in the magnetizable material M is initially kept relatively small at the beginning of the application and which is thereafter increased. This method produces, as it were, a concentration gradient for the ferrites in the surface layer OS.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of part of the base body GK with the applied surface layer OS, in which the concentration gradient mentioned above is indicated in the form of a two-dimensional system of coordinates by way of example by a profile with a linear rise in the proportion of ferrite F in percent, depending on the thickness of the surface layer d. It goes without saying that other profiles with a continuous rise of the proportion of ferrite F (e.g. log, x 2 , etc.) are also possible.
  • the finished surface layer OS is assumed to be already present on the base body GK.
  • a track configuration of magnetic tracks can then be applied to the base 1 body GK provided with the surface layer OS when, as represented in this case, said base body is moved in a rotating manner (indicated by an arcuate arrow) about its axis (indicated by a cross).
  • the base body GK may also be subjected to a temperature treatment, to achieve homogeneous structures, e.g., recrystallization annealing.
  • certain magnetic pretreatments may also be undertaken in order to realize a defined preparation for the actual impression of the magnetic tracks.
  • the finished system comprising the base body GK and the surface layer OS, after the magnetization, may be formed as a measuring wheel for use in a rotary transducer system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

A method for providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material. Hard ferrite powder or materials comprising rare earths are preferred components of the magnetizable coating material. The composition of the material is changed during application of the coating such that the percentage of the ferrite or rare earth compound is increased.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a method of providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material. [0001]
  • Until now, the respective magnetic tracks for displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetic graduation were realized by placing magnetizable rings on a base body, which could have consisted of steel for example. However, it is problematical in this case that, at very high rotational speeds, there is the risk of the rings becoming detached from the base body. In the technical field of protective coatings, there is also a known method of thermal spraying in which protective coatings are applied to base bodies by material particles, usually in the form of powder, being applied to substrates under a thermal influencing effect. Furthermore, it is also known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,391,403 to apply magnetizable material in this way to sensors for displacement measuring systems. [0002]
  • It is an object of the present invention to develop a method of the type identified at the outset of this application in such a way that the base bodies of measuring systems provided with magnetizable material are immune to detachment of the magnetizable material even under strong influencing effects, such as occur in particular at very high rotational speeds for angle measuring systems. This object is achieved by using a magnetizably material coating comprising a mixture of ferrite or materials comprising rare earths and a metallic component, whereby the composition of the magnetizable material is changed continuously from the beginning to the end of the spray application in such a way that the proportion of ferrite or of the materials comprising rare earths is chosen to increase from the beginning to the end of the spray application. [0003]
  • In a preferred embodiment of the invention the coating is applied in conjunction with a uniform rotating motion of the base body. As a result, a uniform coating with the magnetizable material is achieved and further the depth of the layer thickness can be achieved with precision. [0004]
  • A further preferred embodiment of the invention contemplates the magnetizable material being sprayed on in the form of a powder in a grain size of 1-100 μm. It has been found that in this case an extremely good bonding of the sprayed-on magnetizable material with the surface of the base body, and also of the magnetizable material with itself, is made possible. If the spraying of the magnetizable coating material occurs under a vacuum, this effect is further enhanced, since no impurities from the atmosphere impair the bonding between the magnetizable material and the base body. [0005]
  • An additionally very advantageous feature of the invention involves roughening the surface of the base body before the coating is applied. This increases still further the adhesive strength of the magnetizable material on the base body. [0006]
  • Yet another advantageous feature of the invention is that after applying the coating to a base body, the coated base body is subjected to a heat treatment. This causes the magnetizable material to be transformed from an amorphous structure to a crystalline structure. Such a recrystallization annealing improves the preconditions for later magnetization which may be enhanced if need be by simultaneously applying an external magnetic field. [0007]
  • The surface of the base body coated with the magnetizable material is advantageously brought to a desired size by grinding, since this avoids damaging the applied surface layer, as can occur with other working methods, for example turning. [0008]
  • A further advantageous feature of the invention is that a number of magnetic tracks, required according to a particular use can be impressed into the coated base body. In this way the number of desired magnetic tracks does not have to be fixed until directly before use of the coated base body. [0009]
  • A particularly advantageous technical use for the invention is for the base body to be in the form of a coated steel hub for use as a measuring wheel in a magnetoresistive rotary transducer system.[0010]
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in detail below and illustrated in the drawings of which: [0011]
  • FIG. 1 shows the application of magnetizable material to a base body; [0012]
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the coated base body with the proportion of ferrite in the surface layer increasing continuously from the inside to the outside; and [0013]
  • FIG. 3 shows the magnetization of the coated base body.[0014]
  • In FIG. 1, the application of magnetizable material M to a base body GK is represented in the form of a basic diagram. The base body GK may in this case be assumed to be a steel cylinder, which is rotated about an axis, indicated by a cross, in the direction of an arcuate arrow. The magnetizable material M, which for example comprises a powder in a grain size between 1 and 100 μm, is applied, as indicated by an arrow, to the base body GK with the aid of devices at high temperature θ, not represented for the sake of overall clarity. The temperature conditions are chosen in this case such that the possibly preheated base body GK and the preheated magnetizable pulverized material M lead to an adhering homogeneous layer on the base body GK when the stream of material impinges on the base body GK. For this purpose, it may be advantageous for the base body GK to have a pre-roughened surface. The application of the magnetizable material M may in this case take place in the natural atmosphere or in an inert-gas atmosphere, but it is also possible to carry out this procedure in a vacuum, the latter leading to particularly desirable results. [0015]
  • The magnetizable material M principally comprises ferrites or materials comprising rare earths with magnetic properties, and metallic additives, which may be in the form of pure metals or a metal alloys and which are of significance in obtaining a load-bearing homogeneous surface layer. In the interests of good bonding of the magnetizable material M with the base body GK, the thermal spraying can take place in such a way that, for example, the proportion of ferrite F in the magnetizable material M is initially kept relatively small at the beginning of the application and which is thereafter increased. This method produces, as it were, a concentration gradient for the ferrites in the surface layer OS. [0016]
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail of part of the base body GK with the applied surface layer OS, in which the concentration gradient mentioned above is indicated in the form of a two-dimensional system of coordinates by way of example by a profile with a linear rise in the proportion of ferrite F in percent, depending on the thickness of the surface layer d. It goes without saying that other profiles with a continuous rise of the proportion of ferrite F (e.g. log, x[0017] 2, etc.) are also possible.
  • In FIG. 3, the finished surface layer OS is assumed to be already present on the base body GK. With a magnetic system MS shown only in a basic representation, a track configuration of magnetic tracks can then be applied to the base [0018] 1 body GK provided with the surface layer OS when, as represented in this case, said base body is moved in a rotating manner (indicated by an arcuate arrow) about its axis (indicated by a cross). Before the application of the magnetic tracks to the base body GK already provided with the surface layer OS, the base body GK may also be subjected to a temperature treatment, to achieve homogeneous structures, e.g., recrystallization annealing. Similarly, certain magnetic pretreatments may also be undertaken in order to realize a defined preparation for the actual impression of the magnetic tracks.
  • The finished system comprising the base body GK and the surface layer OS, after the magnetization, may be formed as a measuring wheel for use in a rotary transducer system. [0019]

Claims (11)

1. A method of providing at least one surface of a base body with magnetizable coating material comprising a mixture a first component selected from the group consisting of ferrite and materials comprising rare earths and a second metallic component and wherein the composition of the magnetizable coating material is changed during the application of the coating in such a way that the proportion of the first component is increased.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating is applied to a base 1 o body which is rotated at a uniform rate of speed.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetizable coating material is sprayed on in the form of a powder.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the powder has a grain size of 1-100 m.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating is applied under a vacuum.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the base body is roughened before the coating is applied.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the base body is coated, it is subjected to a heat treatment.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the base body coated with the magnetizable material is brought to a desired size by grinding.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one magnetic track is impressed into the coated base body.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base body is for use in a displacement or angle measuring system.
11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base body is in the form of a coated steel hub for use as a measuring wheel in a magnetoresistive transducer system.
US09/881,381 2000-06-14 2001-06-14 Method of providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material Expired - Fee Related US6440490B2 (en)

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DE10029258 2000-06-14
DE10029258A DE10029258C1 (en) 2000-06-14 2000-06-14 Process for providing the surface of base bodies of displacement or angle measuring systems with magnetizable material
DE10029258.5 2000-06-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100097576A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Woodlyn, Inc. Administering and analyzing ophthalmic examinatioins

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4897283A (en) * 1985-12-20 1990-01-30 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Process of producing aligned permanent magnets
JP2950979B2 (en) * 1990-11-30 1999-09-20 マツダ株式会社 Manufacturing method of sensor having magnetic film
DE4230676A1 (en) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-17 Tridelta Ag Method of forming ferrite coatings on substrates - by plasma spraying with compensation for evaporating constituents
JPH06220602A (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-08-09 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd Formation of supermagnetostrictive film

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100097576A1 (en) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Woodlyn, Inc. Administering and analyzing ophthalmic examinatioins

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DE10029258C1 (en) 2001-08-09
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