US20010004277A1 - Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode Download PDFInfo
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- US20010004277A1 US20010004277A1 US09/768,371 US76837101A US2001004277A1 US 20010004277 A1 US20010004277 A1 US 20010004277A1 US 76837101 A US76837101 A US 76837101A US 2001004277 A1 US2001004277 A1 US 2001004277A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133707—Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
- G02F1/134318—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement having a patterned common electrode
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/12—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode
- G02F2201/121—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 electrode common or background
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) which utilizes opto-electric anisotropy of liquid crystal, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display which achieves an improved response speed and transmittance.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- LCDs are compact, thin, and low power consumption devices and have been developed for practical use in the field of office automation (OA) and audio-visual (AV) equipment.
- active matrix type LCDs which utilize thin film transistors (TFTs) as switching elements are theoretically capable of static actuation at a duty ratio of 100% in a multiplexing manner, and have been used in large screen and high resolution type animation displays.
- TFTs thin film transistors
- TFTs are field effect transistors arranged in a matrix on a substrate and connected to individual pixel electrodes which form one side of pixel capacitors with a dielectric layer made of liquid crystal.
- TFTS located on a same row are simultaneously turned on/off by a given gate line, and each TFT of that row receives a pixel signal voltage from a given drain line.
- a display voltage is accumulated in the pixel capacitors corresponding to the on-state TFTs and designated by rows and columns.
- the pixel electrodes and the TFTs are formed on the same substrate, while a common electrode acting as the other side of the pixel capacitors is formed on the entire surface of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate across the liquid crystal layer.
- the display pixels i.e., pixels
- the display pixels are defined by partitioning the liquid crystal and the common electrode by pixel electrodes.
- the voltage accumulated in the pixel capacitors is held insulated by an off-state resistance of the TFTs for one field period or one frame period until the TFTs are turned on again.
- the liquid crystal is opto-electrically anisotropic, and its transmittance is controlled based on the voltage applied to respective pixel capacitors.
- the transmittance of each display pixel is independently controlled, so that individual pixels are observed bright or dark and recognized collectively as a display image by human eyes.
- Initial orientation of the liquid crystal is determined by an orientation film disposed at the interface between the liquid crystal and each substrate.
- a twisted nematic (TN) type LCD uses the liquid crystal in nematic phase which has positive dielectric anisotropy and whose alignment vectors are twisted 90 degrees between opposing substrates.
- a polarizing plate is provided on the outside of each substrate, and an polarizing axis of each polarizing plate coincides with the orientation of the liquid crystal located in the vicinity of the corresponding substrate.
- linearly polarized light passes through one polarizing plate, turns its direction in the liquid crystal layer along the twisted alignment of the liquid crystal, and exits from the other polarizing plate, resulting in a “white” display.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a unit pixel structure of a conventional liquid crystal display, wherein FIG. 1 is a plan view and FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line G-G of FIG. 1.
- the gate insulating film 102 is covered with a p-Si film 103 in which an implantation stopper 104 is used to form a lightly doped region (LD) having a low concentration (N ⁇ ) of impurities, such as P or As, and source and drain regions (S, D) having a high concentration (N+) of impurities located outside the LD region.
- LD lightly doped region
- S, D source and drain regions
- a region located immediately below the implantation stopper 104 is an intrinsic layer which includes substantially no impurities and acts as a channel region (CH).
- the p-Si 103 is covered with an interlayer insulating film 105 made of SiNx or the like.
- a source electrode 106 and a drain electrode 107 are formed on the interlayer insulating film 105 , each electrode being connected to the source region S and the drain region D, respectively, via a contact hole CT 1 formed in the interlayer insulating film 105 .
- the entire surface of the thus formed TFT is covered with a planarization insulating film 108 made of SOG (spin on glass), BPSG (boro-phospho silicate glass), acrylic resin, or the like.
- a pixel electrode 109 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like is formed on the planarization insulating film 108 for actuating the liquid crystal, and is connected to the source electrode 106 via a contact hole CT 2 formed in the planarization insulating film 108 .
- a common electrode 131 made of ITO is formed on the entire surface of another glass substrate 130 arranged opposite to the substrate 100 across a liquid crystal layer.
- the common electrode 131 is covered with an orientation film 133 made of polyimide or the like and undergone rubbing.
- a DAP (deformation of vertically aligned phase) type LCD uses a nematic phase liquid crystal 140 having negative dielectric anisotropy, and orientation films 120 , 133 formed by a vertical orientation film.
- the DAP type LCD is one of the electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) type LCDs which use a difference of refractive indices of longer and shorter axes of a liquid crystal molecule, so-called a birefringence, to control transmittance.
- EAB electrically controlled birefringence
- an incoming light transmits one of two orthogonal polarization plates and enters the liquid crystal layer as a linearly polarized light, and is birefracted in the liquid crystal to become an elliptically polarized light.
- retardation which is a difference of phase velocity between ordinary and extraordinary ray components in the liquid crystal, is controlled according to an intensity of the electric field of the liquid crystal layer to allow the light to be emitted from the other polarization plate at a desired transmittance.
- the display is in a normally black mode, since the display is black when no voltage is applied and changes to white upon application of an appropriate voltage.
- the liquid crystal display displays an image at an intended transmittance or color phase by applying a desired voltage to the liquid crystal sealed between a pair of substrates having predetermined electrodes formed thereon and by controlling a turning route or a birefringence of light in the liquid crystal.
- the retardation is controlled by changing the alignment of the liquid crystal, to thereby adjust the light intensity of the transmitted light in the TN mode, while allowing the separation of color phases in the ECB mode by controlling a spectroscopic intensity depending on wavelength.
- the retardation depends on the angle between the longer axis of the liquid crystal molecule and the orientation of the electric field, the retardation still changes relative to the viewer's observation angle, i.e., a viewing angle, even when such an angle is primarily controlled by the adjustment of the electric field intensity.
- a viewing angle As the viewing angle changes, the light intensity or the color phase of the transmitted light also changes, causing a so-called viewing angle dependency problem.
- the present invention is made to solve the above problems and provides a vertically aligned type liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by electric field, the common electrode has an orientation control window formed in an area corresponding to each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a ratio of vertical to horizontal length of each of the plurality of pixel electrode is equal to or more than 2.
- a vertically aligned type liquid crystal display includes an orientation control window formed in a common electrode corresponding to each of a plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is divided into two or more electrically connected electrode regions, and a ratio of vertical to horizontal length of each electrode region is larger than that of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes.
- a liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, each pixel electrode being divided into two or more electrically connected electrode regions having a vertical to horizontal length ratio of equal to or more than 2.
- the orientation control window is in the form of a slit which extends longitudinally in an area corresponding to the center part of each pixel electrode or electrode region.
- the orientation control window is in the form of a slit which forks at both longitudinal ends of the electrode or electrode region toward corner sections of the pixel electrode.
- each pixel electrode may be divided into a plurality of electrode regions, and one orientation control window is formed for each electrode region.
- the present invention includes the above features and reduces the influence at edge sections of the pixel electrodes by the combination of the above-mentioned orientation control window and the pixel electrodes, thereby achieving improved viewing angle characteristic and transmittance and a reduced average response time of the display.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of a conventional liquid crystal display
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line G-G of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of a liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs plotting an aspect ratio of the liquid crystal display as a function of a transmittance and an average response time, respectively, according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of the liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the present invention.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 a unit pixel structure of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention is shown, wherein FIG. 3 is a plan view and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3.
- the gate insulating film 12 is covered with p-Si 13 in which an implantation stopper 14 is used to form a lightly doped region (LD) having a low concentration (N ⁇ ) of impurities, such as P or As, and source and drain regions (S, D) having a high concentration (N+) of impurities located outside the LD region.
- LD lightly doped region
- S, D source and drain regions
- a region located immediately below the implantation stopper 14 is an intrinsic layer which includes substantially no impurities and acts as a channel region (CH).
- the p-Si 13 is covered with an interlayer insulating film 15 made of SiNx or the like.
- a source electrode 16 and a drain electrode 17 are formed on the interlayer insulating film 15 , each electrode being connected to the source region S and the drain region D, respectively, via a contact hole CT 1 formed in the interlayer insulating film 15 .
- the entire surface of the thus formed TFT is covered with a planarization insulating film 18 made of SOG (spin on glass), BPSG (boro-phospho silicate glass), acrylic resin, or the like.
- a pixel electrode 19 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like is formed on the planarization insulating film 18 for actuating the liquid crystal, and is connected to the source electrode 16 via a contact hole CT 2 formed in the planarization insulating film 18 .
- the common electrode 31 is covered with an orientation film 33 made of polyimide or the like.
- the orientation films 20 , 33 and the liquid crystal 40 are selected so that liquid crystal molecules 41 are aligned vertically.
- an orientation control window 50 is formed in the common electrode 31 facing the pixel electrode 19 and in the form of two upper and lower Y-shaped slits connected symmetrically to each other. More specifically, this window 50 is in the form of a slit which extends in a straight line along a longer edge of the pixel electrode 19 in an area corresponding to the center part of the pixel electrode 19 , and forks at an area corresponding to both longitudinal ends of the pixel electrode 19 toward its corner sections. Since the electric field applied to the liquid crystal molecules 41 located below the orientation control window 50 is not sufficiently strong to tilt those molecules 41 , they have vertical alignment. Around these molecules 41 , however, the electric field is created as indicated by a dotted line in FIG.
- the present invention sets an aspect ratio, i.e., a vertical to horizontal length ratio V/H of the pixel electrode 19 facing the orientation control window 50 to at least 2.
- an aspect ratio i.e., a vertical to horizontal length ratio V/H of the pixel electrode 19 facing the orientation control window 50 to at least 2.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the experimental results, and plot an aspect ratio (V/H) of the pixel electrode 19 relative to its transmittance and average response time (( ⁇ on+ ⁇ off)/2), respectively.
- the transmittance was low until the aspect ratio reached 2, and then increased to a preferable value and remained on that value.
- the average response time was slow until the aspect ratio reached 2, and then accelerated and generally remained unchanged after that. Namely, at the aspect ratio of the pixel electrode 19 equal to 2 or more, a higher transmittance and a reduced average response time were achieved.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a unit pixel structure of the liquid crystal display and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6. It is to be noted, that for the sake of clarity the TFT structure is not shown in FIG. 7, but it is of the same structure as that shown in FIG. 4.
- the vertical length of the pixel electrode 19 corresponding to the unit pixel is longer than the horizontal length.
- slits 19 d and 19 e are formed vertically like a comb in the pixel electrode 19 , dividing (or equally dividing in this embodiment) it into three pixel electrode regions 19 a, 19 b, and 19 c to set the aspect ratio V/H of each pixel electrode region to 2 or more. It is to be noted, however, these pixel electrode regions 19 a , 19 b , and 19 c are partly connected to each other under the slits 19 d and 19 e , because one display pixel corresponds to one pixel.
- Orientation control windows 32 a , 32 b , and 32 c are formed in the common electrode 31 facing the substrate 30 , each window corresponding to each pixel electrode section 19 a , 19 b , and 19 c.
- the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in reverse about each orientation control window. This increases an uniform orientation area of the liquid crystal molecules, while decreasing an abnormal orientation area at the edge sections of the pixel electrode.
- the viewing angle characteristic, transmittance, and response time are also improved, as in the above embodiment.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) which utilizes opto-electric anisotropy of liquid crystal, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display which achieves an improved response speed and transmittance.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- LCDs are compact, thin, and low power consumption devices and have been developed for practical use in the field of office automation (OA) and audio-visual (AV) equipment. In particular, active matrix type LCDs which utilize thin film transistors (TFTs) as switching elements are theoretically capable of static actuation at a duty ratio of 100% in a multiplexing manner, and have been used in large screen and high resolution type animation displays.
- TFTs are field effect transistors arranged in a matrix on a substrate and connected to individual pixel electrodes which form one side of pixel capacitors with a dielectric layer made of liquid crystal. In a TFT matrix, TFTS located on a same row are simultaneously turned on/off by a given gate line, and each TFT of that row receives a pixel signal voltage from a given drain line. A display voltage is accumulated in the pixel capacitors corresponding to the on-state TFTs and designated by rows and columns. The pixel electrodes and the TFTs are formed on the same substrate, while a common electrode acting as the other side of the pixel capacitors is formed on the entire surface of the second substrate opposite to the first substrate across the liquid crystal layer. That is, the display pixels (i.e., pixels) are defined by partitioning the liquid crystal and the common electrode by pixel electrodes. The voltage accumulated in the pixel capacitors is held insulated by an off-state resistance of the TFTs for one field period or one frame period until the TFTs are turned on again. The liquid crystal is opto-electrically anisotropic, and its transmittance is controlled based on the voltage applied to respective pixel capacitors. The transmittance of each display pixel is independently controlled, so that individual pixels are observed bright or dark and recognized collectively as a display image by human eyes.
- Initial orientation of the liquid crystal is determined by an orientation film disposed at the interface between the liquid crystal and each substrate. For example, a twisted nematic (TN) type LCD uses the liquid crystal in nematic phase which has positive dielectric anisotropy and whose alignment vectors are twisted 90 degrees between opposing substrates. Typically, a polarizing plate is provided on the outside of each substrate, and an polarizing axis of each polarizing plate coincides with the orientation of the liquid crystal located in the vicinity of the corresponding substrate. When no voltage is applied, linearly polarized light passes through one polarizing plate, turns its direction in the liquid crystal layer along the twisted alignment of the liquid crystal, and exits from the other polarizing plate, resulting in a “white” display. When the voltage is then applied to the pixel capacitors, an electric field is created within the liquid crystal and the orientation of the liquid crystal is changed to be parallel to the direction of the applied electric field because of dielectric anisotropy. This results in the collapse of twisted alignment and less frequent turns of the linearly polarized incoming light in the liquid crystal. Consequently, the amount of light ejecting from the other polarizing plate is reduced and the display gradually becomes black. This is known as a normally white mode which is widely applied in the field of TN cells, in which the display is white when no voltage is applied and changes to “black” upon application of the voltage.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a unit pixel structure of a conventional liquid crystal display, wherein FIG. 1 is a plan view and FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line G-G of FIG. 1. A
gate electrode 101 made of a metal, such as Cr, Ta, or Mo, is formed on asubstrate 100, and agate insulating film 102 made of, e.g., SiNx and/or SiO2 is formed to cover thegate electrode 101. Thegate insulating film 102 is covered with a p-Si film 103 in which animplantation stopper 104 is used to form a lightly doped region (LD) having a low concentration (N−) of impurities, such as P or As, and source and drain regions (S, D) having a high concentration (N+) of impurities located outside the LD region. A region located immediately below theimplantation stopper 104 is an intrinsic layer which includes substantially no impurities and acts as a channel region (CH). The p-Si 103 is covered with aninterlayer insulating film 105 made of SiNx or the like. Asource electrode 106 and adrain electrode 107, both made of a material such as Al, Mo, or the like, are formed on theinterlayer insulating film 105, each electrode being connected to the source region S and the drain region D, respectively, via a contact hole CT1 formed in the interlayerinsulating film 105. The entire surface of the thus formed TFT is covered with a planarization insulating film 108 made of SOG (spin on glass), BPSG (boro-phospho silicate glass), acrylic resin, or the like. Apixel electrode 109 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like is formed on the planarization insulating film 108 for actuating the liquid crystal, and is connected to thesource electrode 106 via a contact hole CT2 formed in the planarization insulating film 108. - An
orientation film 120 formed by a high molecular film, such as polyimide, is disposed on the entire surface on the above elements and undergoes a rubbing treatment to control an initial orientation of the liquid crystal. Meanwhile, acommon electrode 131 made of ITO is formed on the entire surface ofanother glass substrate 130 arranged opposite to thesubstrate 100 across a liquid crystal layer. Thecommon electrode 131 is covered with anorientation film 133 made of polyimide or the like and undergone rubbing. - As shown herein, a DAP (deformation of vertically aligned phase) type LCD uses a nematic phase
liquid crystal 140 having negative dielectric anisotropy, andorientation films - As described above, the liquid crystal display displays an image at an intended transmittance or color phase by applying a desired voltage to the liquid crystal sealed between a pair of substrates having predetermined electrodes formed thereon and by controlling a turning route or a birefringence of light in the liquid crystal. Specifically, the retardation is controlled by changing the alignment of the liquid crystal, to thereby adjust the light intensity of the transmitted light in the TN mode, while allowing the separation of color phases in the ECB mode by controlling a spectroscopic intensity depending on wavelength. Since the retardation depends on the angle between the longer axis of the liquid crystal molecule and the orientation of the electric field, the retardation still changes relative to the viewer's observation angle, i.e., a viewing angle, even when such an angle is primarily controlled by the adjustment of the electric field intensity. As the viewing angle changes, the light intensity or the color phase of the transmitted light also changes, causing a so-called viewing angle dependency problem.
- Problems of decreased transmittance and slower response speed also remain.
- The present invention is made to solve the above problems and provides a vertically aligned type liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein the orientation of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by electric field, the common electrode has an orientation control window formed in an area corresponding to each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a ratio of vertical to horizontal length of each of the plurality of pixel electrode is equal to or more than 2.
- In another aspect of the present invention, a vertically aligned type liquid crystal display includes an orientation control window formed in a common electrode corresponding to each of a plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein each of the plurality of pixel electrodes is divided into two or more electrically connected electrode regions, and a ratio of vertical to horizontal length of each electrode region is larger than that of each of the plurality of pixel electrodes.
- In still another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display includes a plurality of pixel electrodes, each pixel electrode being divided into two or more electrically connected electrode regions having a vertical to horizontal length ratio of equal to or more than 2.
- In a further aspect of the present invention, the orientation control window is in the form of a slit which extends longitudinally in an area corresponding to the center part of each pixel electrode or electrode region.
- In a still further-aspect of the present invention, the orientation control window is in the form of a slit which forks at both longitudinal ends of the electrode or electrode region toward corner sections of the pixel electrode.
- In addition, each pixel electrode may be divided into a plurality of electrode regions, and one orientation control window is formed for each electrode region.
- The present invention includes the above features and reduces the influence at edge sections of the pixel electrodes by the combination of the above-mentioned orientation control window and the pixel electrodes, thereby achieving improved viewing angle characteristic and transmittance and a reduced average response time of the display.
- As is apparent from the above description, the influence at the edge sections of the pixel electrode is reduced, the viewing angle characteristic and the transmittance are improved, and the average response time is shortened by setting an aspect ratio (V/H) of each pixel electrode or divided pixel electrode to at least a predetermined value.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of a conventional liquid crystal display;
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line G-G of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of a liquid crystal display according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs plotting an aspect ratio of the liquid crystal display as a function of a transmittance and an average response time, respectively, according to the present invention;
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a unit pixel of the liquid crystal display according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of the present invention.
- Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a unit pixel structure of a liquid crystal display according to the present invention is shown, wherein FIG. 3 is a plan view and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 3. A
gate electrode 11 made of a metal, such as Cr, Ta, or Mo, is formed on asubstrate 10, and agate insulating film 12 made of, e.g., SiNx and/or SiO2 is formed to cover thegate electrode 11. Thegate insulating film 12 is covered with p-Si 13 in which animplantation stopper 14 is used to form a lightly doped region (LD) having a low concentration (N−) of impurities, such as P or As, and source and drain regions (S, D) having a high concentration (N+) of impurities located outside the LD region. A region located immediately below theimplantation stopper 14 is an intrinsic layer which includes substantially no impurities and acts as a channel region (CH). The p-Si 13 is covered with aninterlayer insulating film 15 made of SiNx or the like. Asource electrode 16 and adrain electrode 17, both made of Al, Mo, or the like, are formed on theinterlayer insulating film 15, each electrode being connected to the source region S and the drain region D, respectively, via a contact hole CT1 formed in theinterlayer insulating film 15. The entire surface of the thus formed TFT is covered with aplanarization insulating film 18 made of SOG (spin on glass), BPSG (boro-phospho silicate glass), acrylic resin, or the like. Apixel electrode 19 made of ITO (indium tin oxide) or the like is formed on theplanarization insulating film 18 for actuating the liquid crystal, and is connected to thesource electrode 16 via a contact hole CT2 formed in theplanarization insulating film 18. - An
orientation film 20 formed by a macro molecular film, such as polyimide, is formed on the entire surface of the above elements, while acommon electrode 31 made of ITO is formed on the entire surface of anotherglass substrate 30 arranged opposite to thesubstrate 10 across a liquid crystal layer. Thecommon electrode 31 is covered with anorientation film 33 made of polyimide or the like. In the present invention, theorientation films liquid crystal 40 are selected so thatliquid crystal molecules 41 are aligned vertically. - In addition, an
orientation control window 50 is formed in thecommon electrode 31 facing thepixel electrode 19 and in the form of two upper and lower Y-shaped slits connected symmetrically to each other. More specifically, thiswindow 50 is in the form of a slit which extends in a straight line along a longer edge of thepixel electrode 19 in an area corresponding to the center part of thepixel electrode 19, and forks at an area corresponding to both longitudinal ends of thepixel electrode 19 toward its corner sections. Since the electric field applied to theliquid crystal molecules 41 located below theorientation control window 50 is not sufficiently strong to tilt thosemolecules 41, they have vertical alignment. Around thesemolecules 41, however, the electric field is created as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4, which controls themolecules 41 to direct their longer axes perpendicular to the applied field. This is also true at the edge sections of thepixel electrode 19 and the longer axes of theliquid crystal molecules 41 are oriented perpendicularly to the electric field. The tilt of these molecules is propagated to other molecules located in the interior of the layer because of continuity of the liquid crystal. Thus, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in substantially the same direction in the center part of thepixel electrode 19, but the orientation is uneven in the vicinity of the edge sections. It has been found that better viewing angle characteristic and transmittance are achieved when the orientation is uniform. - To achieve this, the present invention sets an aspect ratio, i.e., a vertical to horizontal length ratio V/H of the
pixel electrode 19 facing theorientation control window 50 to at least 2. As such, it is possible to enlarge an area where the liquid crystal molecules are oriented in the same direction, while decreasing the share of an unevenly oriented area. This allows the viewing angle characteristic, the transmittance, and even the response speed to be improved. - FIGS. 5A and 5B show the experimental results, and plot an aspect ratio (V/H) of the
pixel electrode 19 relative to its transmittance and average response time ((τ on+τ off)/2), respectively. As shown in the graph of FIG. 5A, the transmittance was low until the aspect ratio reached 2, and then increased to a preferable value and remained on that value. As shown in the graph of FIG. 5B, the average response time was slow until the aspect ratio reached 2, and then accelerated and generally remained unchanged after that. Namely, at the aspect ratio of thepixel electrode 19 equal to 2 or more, a higher transmittance and a reduced average response time were achieved. - Referring next to FIGS. 6 and 7, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a unit pixel structure of the liquid crystal display and FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 6. It is to be noted, that for the sake of clarity the TFT structure is not shown in FIG. 7, but it is of the same structure as that shown in FIG. 4.
- In this embodiment, the vertical length of the
pixel electrode 19 corresponding to the unit pixel is longer than the horizontal length. Thus, slits 19 d and 19 e are formed vertically like a comb in thepixel electrode 19, dividing (or equally dividing in this embodiment) it into threepixel electrode regions pixel electrode regions slits -
Orientation control windows common electrode 31 facing thesubstrate 30, each window corresponding to eachpixel electrode section pixel electrode section
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/768,371 US6407794B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2001-01-23 | Vertically aligned type liquid crystal display |
US10/084,608 US7301595B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-02-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US11/510,295 US7518689B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2006-08-25 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US11/872,585 US7511790B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2007-10-15 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US12/390,211 US7952669B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2009-02-20 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/094,021 US8300191B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2011-04-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/648,732 US9097941B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2012-10-10 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9-268973 | 1997-10-01 | ||
JP26897397A JP3398025B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1997-10-01 | Liquid crystal display |
JPHEI9-268973 | 1997-10-01 | ||
US09/162,984 US6229589B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-29 | Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode |
US09/768,371 US6407794B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2001-01-23 | Vertically aligned type liquid crystal display |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/162,984 Division US6229589B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-29 | Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/084,608 Continuation-In-Part US7301595B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-02-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US10/084,608 Continuation US7301595B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2002-02-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US11/510,295 Continuation US7518689B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2006-08-25 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
Publications (2)
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US20010004277A1 true US20010004277A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
US6407794B2 US6407794B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/162,984 Expired - Lifetime US6229589B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-29 | Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode |
US09/768,371 Expired - Lifetime US6407794B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2001-01-23 | Vertically aligned type liquid crystal display |
US12/390,211 Expired - Fee Related US7952669B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2009-02-20 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/094,021 Expired - Fee Related US8300191B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2011-04-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/648,732 Expired - Fee Related US9097941B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2012-10-10 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/162,984 Expired - Lifetime US6229589B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-09-29 | Liquid crystal display including a vertically aligned liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/390,211 Expired - Fee Related US7952669B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2009-02-20 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/094,021 Expired - Fee Related US8300191B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2011-04-26 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
US13/648,732 Expired - Fee Related US9097941B2 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2012-10-10 | Vertically aligned liquid crystal display |
Country Status (3)
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US (5) | US6229589B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3398025B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100372665B1 (en) |
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US20050024572A1 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-03 | Young-Mi Tak | Liquid crystal display |
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US9523877B2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-12-20 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd | Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method thereof |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6407794B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
JPH11109355A (en) | 1999-04-23 |
US8300191B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
US9097941B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
JP3398025B2 (en) | 2003-04-21 |
US20110199567A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
KR19990036740A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
US20130038828A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
US7952669B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
US20090153789A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
US6229589B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
KR100372665B1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
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