CN113835211B - Method for improving field duty ratio of field-of-view gating imaging system - Google Patents
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- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
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- G02B23/04—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors for the purpose of beam splitting or combining, e.g. fitted with eyepieces for more than one observer
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- G01C21/02—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
- G01C21/025—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the field duty ratio of a field-of-view gated imaging system, which comprises the following steps: adding a group of micro-lens arrays near the primary image surface of the field-of-view gating imaging system, and forming a micro-lens array group with the rear group of micro-lens arrays; in the added set of microlens arrays, each microlens unit is used as a field lens for deflecting marginal field light rays in the gating field and passing the marginal field light rays through the later set of microlens units, so that vignetting of imaging in the gating field is reduced. On the other hand, the primary image surface of the visual field gating imaging system is divided into two parts by utilizing the spectroscope, the visual field gating is respectively carried out on the two primary image surfaces, and the visual field ranges of the gating are mutually staggered. The method for improving the field duty ratio of the field-of-view gating imaging system can solve the problems of low imaging resolution, insufficient field duty ratio and the like caused by vignetting of the edge field of the existing field-of-view gating imaging system, and provides an effective technical approach for multi-star detection under strong background light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical imaging of an all-day star sensor, and relates to a method for improving the field duty ratio of a field-of-view gating imaging system.
Background
The star sensor is a high-precision attitude sensitive measuring instrument and is commonly used for navigation of space spacecrafts such as satellites, spacecraft, rockets and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of the combined satellite and inertial navigation technology, the satellite sensor navigation technology is gradually expanded from the application of an outer-atmosphere space-based platform to the application of a near-earth space platform, so that the near-earth space platform such as a near-space aircraft, a ship, an airplane and the like is hopeful to get rid of the dependence on a satellite navigation system, and the satellite sensor navigation technology has wide application prospect and important strategic significance.
Compared with the space-based star sensor, the near-earth space-based star sensor faces the interference of strong sky background light, and in order to realize detection of dark and weak fixed star targets under the strong sky background condition, a certain method is needed to inhibit the sky background light, so that the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved. The traditional near-earth space star sensor generally adopts a small-view field imaging system to inhibit sky background light, and combines a two-dimensional turntable scanning detection method to realize tracking detection of a single star, so that the working system has the defects of huge system, low precision and the like, and has various limitations in a miniaturized platform and high-precision application occasions.
The optical imaging system based on the field-of-view gating technology adopts a large-field telescope for receiving satellites, utilizes a micro lens and a micro switch array to realize quick gating of an instantaneous field of view, can simultaneously obtain a larger field of view and stronger sky backlight suppression capability, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high precision and the like, and is very suitable for application of all-day star sensors in a near-earth space.
However, in this system, the relative aperture of the front-end telescope is typically large, and the light focused on the primary image plane has a large opening angle, which results in that when the subsequent microlens unit images the primary image plane in the gating field, the light of the edge field cannot completely pass through the microlens unit, and thus a significant vignetting phenomenon occurs. Since the effective aperture of the light beam corresponding to the vignetting area is reduced, the size of the airy disk in the area is larger. If the system requires near diffraction limited imaging, the vignetting area is significantly larger than the spot size of the non-vignetting area, and the energy concentration requirement cannot be met, which results in a reduction of the effective area in the gating field of view corresponding to the microlens unit. On the other hand, the distribution of microlens units in a microlens array itself is difficult to achieve a 100% duty cycle. Therefore, the total effective field of view of the optical imaging system based on the field of view gating technology is smaller in duty ratio, and the detection probability of a plurality of stars is difficult to ensure. For promoting the practical application of an optical imaging system based on a field-of-view gating technology in an all-day star sensor, a method for effectively improving the field-of-view duty ratio needs to be explored, and a technical foundation is laid for the research of the all-day star sensor with miniaturization, high precision and high autonomy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: aiming at the problem that the effective field of view duty ratio of the existing optical imaging system based on the field of view gating technology is low, a method for improving the effective field of view duty ratio of the system is provided. The method can increase the effective field of view of the field-of-view gating optical imaging system and improve the detection probability of the system on a plurality of stars in daytime environment.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method of increasing a field of view duty cycle of a field-of-view gated imaging system, the method comprising:
1) Dividing a primary image surface of a visual field gating imaging system into a transmission light path primary image surface and a reflection light path primary image surface by using a spectroscope;
2) A group of first front group micro-lens arrays are arranged between the primary image surface of the transmission light path and a first rear group micro-lens array arranged behind the primary image surface of the transmission light path, and the first front group micro-lens arrays and the first rear group micro-lens arrays form a micro-lens array group; each microlens unit in the first front group of microlens arrays is used as a field lens for deflecting marginal field light rays in a corresponding gating field so that principal rays in the marginal field can pass through the microlens units in the first rear group of microlens arrays; therefore, the vignetting phenomenon of imaging in each gating view field in the transmission light path is reduced, the imaging quality in the gating view field is ensured, and the effective area of the gating view field is improved;
3) And a group of second front group micro lens arrays are arranged between the primary image surface of the reflection light path and a second rear group micro lens array arranged behind the primary image surface of the reflection light path, the second front group micro lens arrays and the second rear group micro lens arrays form micro lens array groups, each micro lens unit in the second front group micro lens arrays is used as a field lens and used for deflecting marginal field light rays in a corresponding gating field, so that principal light rays of the marginal field can pass through the micro lens units in the second rear group micro lens arrays, thereby reducing vignetting phenomenon of imaging in each gating field in the reflection light path, ensuring imaging quality and improving the effective area of the gating field.
Further, the gating field of view of the primary image surface of the transmission light path and the gating field of view of the primary image surface of the reflection light path are staggered with each other, and the total effective field of view of the whole field-of-view gating imaging system is approximately equal to the sum of the effective field of view of the transmission light path and the effective field of view of the reflection light path.
Further, the primary image surface of the field gating imaging system is the imaging surface of the front-end telescope; the light of the primary image surface of the transmission light path passes through a micro lens array group formed by a first front group micro lens array and a first rear group micro lens array, is gated by a first micro switch array and is imaged on a detector by a first rear end imaging objective lens; and after passing through a micro lens array group formed by a second front group micro lens array and a second rear group micro lens array, the light rays of the primary image surface of the reflected light path are gated by a first micro switch array and then imaged on a detector by a second rear end imaging objective lens.
The first front group of microlens arrays not only can be used for deflecting marginal field light rays in a gating field, but also can be regarded as adding an optimized curved surface, so that the imaging quality of the field-of-view gating imaging system can be optimized.
The effective gating field range refers to an area without vignetting phenomenon in the gating field; the effective field of view of the system refers to the sum of the effective gating fields of view corresponding to all the micro lens units; the field duty cycle of the system refers to the ratio of the sum of the effective gating fields corresponding to all the microlens units to the field of view of the front-end telescope.
The optical imaging system based on the field gating technology is a new system imaging system applied to an all-day star sensor, and mainly faces the problem that the effective field duty ratio is lower in practical application. The invention provides a solution to the problem that the existing field-of-view gated imaging system has a lower effective field of view, and the related report of a method for improving the system duty ratio is not seen at present. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the vignetting area in the gating field of view is reduced, the problems of larger vignetting area, insufficient light spot energy concentration in the vignetting area and the like in the existing field of view gating technology are solved to a certain extent, and the effective area in the gating field of view is improved;
2. because a group of micro lens arrays are added in the optical system, an optimized curved surface is added in each gating channel, which is beneficial to optimizing the imaging quality of the field-of-view gating imaging system;
3. the primary image surface is divided into two parts by the spectroscope to carry out field gating, so that the effective area of the gating field and the effective field of the system can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an original field-of-view gated imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a front-end telescope, 11 is a primary image plane of the front-end telescope for imaging a star, 2 is a micro lens array, 3 is a micro switch array, 4 is a rear-end imaging objective lens, and 5 is an array detector.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the optical path at a cell microlens in an in-situ field-of-view gated imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 11 is a primary image plane of the front-end telescope for imaging the star, and 22 is a micro lens unit in the micro lens array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effective field of view range of an original field-of-view gated imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a square view field of the front-end telescope, 2 is a gating view field range of the micro-lens array, and 3 is an effective gating view field range of the micro-lens array;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving the field duty cycle of an original field-of-view gated imaging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a front-end telescope, 2 is a spectroscope, 31 is a primary image plane of a transmission light path, 41 is a microlens array used as a field lens in the transmission light path, 51 is a microlens array used for field gating in the transmission light path, 61 is a micro-switch array of the transmission light path, 71 is a confocal plane imaging system of the transmission light path, 81 is an array detector of the transmission light path, 32 is a primary image plane of a reflection light path, 42 is a microlens array used as a field lens in the reflection light path, 52 is a microlens array used for field gating in the reflection light path, 62 is a micro-switch array, 72 is a confocal plane imaging system of the reflection light path, and 82 is an array detector of the reflection light path.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the optical path at the unit microlens after the method of increasing the field duty cycle of the original field-of-view gated imaging system is adopted in the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 11 is the primary image plane of the front-end telescope for imaging the star, 21 is one microlens unit in the added microlens array, and 22 is one microlens unit in the original microlens array;
FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic views of a field-of-view gating region of a transmission optical path and a field-of-view gating region of a reflection optical path, respectively, in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a square view field of a front-end telescope in a transmission light path, 2 is a gating view field range of a micro lens array in the transmission light path, and 3 is an effective gating view field range of the micro lens array in the transmission light path; 11 is the square field of view of the front telescope in the reflected light path, 22 is the gating field of view of the microlens array in the reflected light path, and 33 is the effective gating field of view of the microlens array in the reflected light path.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and detailed description. The following examples are intended to be illustrative only and the scope of the invention shall include the full contents of the claims, as would be realized by those skilled in the art by the following examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment 1 of the invention is a method for improving the field duty ratio of a field gating imaging system with the caliber of 100mm, the F number of 15, the working wave band of 1.3-1.7 mu m and the total field of view of 5 degrees multiplied by 5 degrees.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an original field-of-view gated imaging system. The system comprises: a front-end telescope 1, a microlens array 2, a micro-switch array 3, a rear-end imaging objective 4 and an array detector 5. Wherein the visual field of the front-end telescope 1 is 5 degrees multiplied by 5 degrees, the caliber is phi 100mm, and the focal length is 300mm; the cell caliber of the micro lens array 2 is phi 3.8mm, the focal length is 6mm, and the cell number is 7 multiplied by 7; the cell caliber of the micro switch array 3 is phi 3.8mm, and the cell number is 7 multiplied by 7; the caliber of the rear end imaging objective lens 4 is 30mm, and the focal length is 30mm; the array detector 5 has a pixel size of 20 μm and an effective array of pixels of 512 x 512.
A plurality of fixed star signal lights at infinity are imaged on a primary image plane by the front-end telescope 1, and the imaging quality reaches a near diffraction limit; then the micro lens array 2 and the micro switch array 3 subdivide and gate the view field of the primary image plane; since the F number of the front-end telescope 1 is 3, the aperture angle of each image point ray on the primary image plane is 19 degrees; as shown in fig. 2, the schematic view of the optical path at the unit microlens is shown, and it can be seen that the gating field of view range AC on the primary image surface 11 corresponding to the unit microlens 21 is consistent with the caliber size of the unit microlens 21. However, only a portion of the light rays of the edge field of view a or C in the gating field of view can pass through the unit microlens, and thus there is a significant vignetting phenomenon. According to the Airy spot formula
It is understood that the effective aperture D of the light beam corresponding to the vignetting region is reduced, and thus the size of the airy spot in the region is increased. In this embodiment, the central field of view B region in the gating field of view range is a non-vignetting region, the airy disk size is about 55 μm, and the airy disk size is distributed within 3×3 pixels, thereby meeting the requirement of energy concentration. And the edge view field A or C in the gating view field range is a vignetting area, the size of the Airy spot is about 80 mu m, and the size exceeds the 3X 3 pixel range, so that the energy concentration requirement cannot be met. This indicates that only the center field of view region is active and the edge field of view region is inactive within the gating field of view. Fig. 3 presents a schematic view of the effective field of view of the system, where square area 1 is 5 deg. x 5 deg. of the field of view of the front-end telescope, and where the range of gating field of view 2 is Φ0.72 deg., where the radius of the effective area of gating field of view is onlyFor a gating field of view radius of 50%, the total effective field of view of the system is only 7 x pi x (0.36 x 50%) 2 ＝4.98° 2 The total effective field of view duty cycle of the system is only 4.98 ° 2 /25° 2 ＝19.9％。
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving the field duty ratio of the original field gating imaging system in embodiment 1 of the present invention, where the method includes a front-end telescope 1, a beam splitter 2, a primary image surface 31 of a transmission optical path, a microlens array 41 used as a field lens in the transmission optical path, a microlens array 51 used for field gating in the transmission optical path, a micro-switch array 61 of the transmission optical path, a confocal surface imaging system 71 of the transmission optical path, an array detector 81 of the transmission optical path, a primary image surface 32 of the reflection optical path, a microlens array 42 used as a field lens in the reflection optical path, a microlens array 52 used for field gating in the reflection optical path, a micro-switch array 62, a confocal surface imaging system 72 of the reflection optical path, and an array detector 82 of the reflection optical path. The main difference from the original field-of-view gated imaging system configuration of fig. 1 is that a beam splitter is introduced to divide the primary image plane into two, while microlens arrays 41 and 42, which serve as field lenses, are introduced in the transmission and reflection light paths. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the optical path at the microlens group of the transmission optical path unit. Since the microlens unit 22 serving as a field lens is introduced, light rays of the fringe fields a and C within the gating field range AC are deflected and can pass through the microlens unit 21 of the rear group, thereby greatly reducing the vignetting area and improving the effective area of the gating field. Assuming that the radius of the effective area of the gating field increases to 80% of the gating field radius, the total effective gating field of the transmission optical path is 7×7×pi× (0.36×80%) 2 ＝12.7° 2 The total gating field duty ratio of the transmission light path can reach 12.7 DEG 2 /25° 2 =51%. Similarly, the total effective gating field of view in the reflected light path is also 12.7 degrees 2 The total gating field duty cycle of the reflected light path may also reach 51%. The gating area of the micro lens array pair primary image surface in the reflection light path and the gating area of the micro lens array pair primary image surface in the transmission light path are staggered, so that the total effective gating field of view of the system can be approximately regarded as the effective gating field of view in the reflection light path and the effective gating field of view in the transmission light pathAnd, a method for producing the same. Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic views of the field-of-view gating region of the transmission light path and the field-of-view gating region of the reflection light path in an embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the effective gating fields in the reflecting light path and the effective gating fields in the transmitting light path are distributed in a staggered mode, the overlapping area is removed, and the total gating field duty ratio of the system can be close to 100%.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention is a method for improving the field duty ratio of a field gating imaging system with the caliber of 80mm, the F number of 20, the working wave band of 700-900 nm and the total field of view of 6 degrees multiplied by 6 degrees.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an original field-of-view gated imaging system. The system comprises: a front-end telescope 1, a microlens array 2, a micro-switch array 3, a rear-end imaging objective 4 and an array detector 5. Wherein the view field of the front-end telescope 1 is 6 degrees multiplied by 6 degrees, the caliber is phi 80mm, and the focal length is 320mm; the cell caliber of the micro lens array 2 is phi 3mm, the focal length is 7mm, and the cell number is 11 multiplied by 11; the cell caliber of the micro switch array 3 is phi 3mm, and the cell number is 11 multiplied by 11; the caliber of the rear end imaging objective lens 4 is 35mm, and the focal length is 35mm; the array detector 5 has a pixel size of 13 μm and an effective pixel array number of 1024×1024. A plurality of fixed star signal lights at infinity are imaged on a primary image plane by the front-end telescope 1, and the imaging quality reaches a near diffraction limit; then the micro lens array 2 and the micro switch array 3 subdivide and gate the view field of the primary image plane; since the F number of the front-end telescope 1 is 4, the aperture angle of each image point ray on the primary image plane is 14.3 degrees; as shown in fig. 2, the schematic view of the optical path at the unit microlens is shown, and it can be seen that the gating field of view range AC on the primary image surface 11 corresponding to the unit microlens 21 is consistent with the caliber size of the unit microlens 21. However, only a portion of the light rays of the edge field of view a or C in the gating field of view can pass through the unit microlens, and thus there is a significant vignetting phenomenon. According to the Airy spot formula
It is understood that the effective aperture D of the light beam corresponding to the vignetting region is reduced, and thus the size of the airy spot in the region is increased. In this embodiment, the center in the gating field of view rangeThe area B of the heart field is a non-vignetting area, the size of the Airy spot is about 39 mu m, and the Airy spot is distributed within 3X 3 pixels, so that the requirement of energy concentration is met. And the edge view field A or C in the gating view field range is a vignetting area, the size of the Airy spot is about 50 mu m, and the size exceeds the 3X 3 pixel range, so that the energy concentration requirement cannot be met. This indicates that only the center field of view region is active and the edge field of view region is inactive within the gating field of view. Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the effective field of view of the system, wherein square area 1 is 6 deg. x 6 deg. of the field of view of the front telescope, the range of gating field of view 2 is Φ0.54 deg., wherein the radius of the effective area of gating field of view is only 55% of the radius of gating field of view, and the total effective field of view of the system is only 11 x pi x (0.27 x 55%) 2 ＝8.38° 2 The total effective field of view duty cycle of the system is only 8.38 DEG 2 /36° 2 ＝23.3％。
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for improving the field duty ratio of the original field gating imaging system in embodiment 1 of the present invention, where the method includes a front-end telescope 1, a beam splitter 2, a primary image surface 31 of a transmission optical path, a microlens array 41 used as a field lens in the transmission optical path, a microlens array 51 used for field gating in the transmission optical path, a micro-switch array 61 of the transmission optical path, a confocal surface imaging system 71 of the transmission optical path, an array detector 81 of the transmission optical path, a primary image surface 32 of the reflection optical path, a microlens array 42 used as a field lens in the reflection optical path, a microlens array 52 used for field gating in the reflection optical path, a micro-switch array 62, a confocal surface imaging system 72 of the reflection optical path, and an array detector 82 of the reflection optical path. The main difference from the original field-of-view gated imaging system configuration of fig. 1 is that a beam splitter is introduced to divide the primary image plane into two, while microlens arrays 41 and 42, which serve as field lenses, are introduced in the transmission and reflection light paths. Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the optical path at the microlens group of the transmission optical path unit. Since the microlens unit 22 serving as a field lens is introduced, light rays of the fringe fields a and C within the gating field range AC are deflected and can pass through the microlens unit 21 of the rear group, thereby greatly reducing the vignetting area and improving the effective area of the gating field. Assuming that the radius of the effective area of the gating field of view is increased to 90% of the gating field of view radius, the transmission light path is always provided withThe effective gating field of view is 11×11×pi× (0.27×90%) 2 ＝20° 2 The total gating field duty ratio of the transmission light path can reach 20 DEG 2 /36° 2 =55.6%. Similarly, the total effective gating field of view in the reflected light path is also 20 degrees 2 The total gating field duty cycle of the reflected light path can also reach 55.6%. And the gating areas of the micro lens arrays on the primary image surface in the reflection light path and the gating areas of the micro lens arrays on the primary image surface in the transmission light path are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the total effective gating view field of the system can be approximately regarded as the sum of the effective gating view field in the reflection light path and the effective gating view field in the transmission light path. Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic views of the field-of-view gating region of the transmission light path and the field-of-view gating region of the reflection light path in an embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the effective gating fields in the reflecting light path and the effective gating fields in the transmitting light path are distributed in a staggered mode, the overlapping area is removed, and the total gating field duty ratio of the system can be close to 100%.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto, but rather encompasses modifications and substitutions within the scope of the present invention as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A method of increasing the field of view duty cycle of a field-of-view gated imaging system, the method comprising:
1) Dividing a primary image surface of a field-of-view gating imaging system into a transmission light path primary image surface (31) and a reflection light path primary image surface (32) by using a spectroscope (2);
2) A group of first front group micro lens arrays (41) are arranged between the transmission light path primary image surface (31) and a first rear group micro lens array (51) arranged behind the transmission light path primary image surface, and the first front group micro lens arrays (41) and the first rear group micro lens arrays (51) form micro lens array groups; each microlens unit in the first front group microlens array (41) is used as a field lens for deflecting marginal field light rays in a corresponding gating field so that principal rays of the marginal field can pass through the microlens units in the first rear group microlens array (51);
3) A group of second front group micro lens arrays (42) is arranged between the reflected light path primary image surface (32) and a second rear group micro lens array (52) arranged behind the reflected light path primary image surface, the second front group micro lens arrays (42) and the second rear group micro lens arrays (52) form micro lens array groups, and each micro lens unit in the second front group micro lens arrays (42) is used as a field lens and used for deflecting edge view field rays in a corresponding gating view field, so that principal rays of the edge view field can pass through the micro lens units in the second rear group micro lens arrays (52).
2. A method of increasing field of view duty cycle of a field-of-view gated imaging system as recited in claim 1 wherein: the gating fields of view of the transmission light path primary image surface (31) and the reflecting light path primary image surface (32) are mutually staggered, and the total effective field of view of the whole field-of-view gating imaging system is approximately equal to the sum of the effective field of view of the transmission light path and the effective field of view of the reflecting light path.
3. A method of increasing field of view duty cycle of a field-of-view gated imaging system as recited in claim 1 wherein: the primary image surface of the field gating imaging system is the image surface of the front-end telescope (1); the light of the primary image surface (31) of the transmission light path passes through a micro lens array group formed by a first front group micro lens array (41) and a first rear group micro lens array (51), is gated by a first micro switch array (61), and is imaged on a detector by a first rear end imaging objective lens (71); the light rays of the primary image surface (32) of the reflection light path pass through a micro lens array group formed by a second front group micro lens array (42) and a second rear group micro lens array (52), are gated by a second micro switch array (62), and are imaged on the detector by a second rear end imaging objective lens (72).
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