Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
  • A01N25/06—Aerosols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
  • A01N43/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/16—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being part of a heterocyclic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
  • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
  • C07D211/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms by oxygen atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• the present invention relates essentially to a non-therapeutical process for deterring vermin, which is based on the usage of the largely known compounds of formula (I) shown below. Furthermore, it relates to corresponding vermin-deterring compositions which contain these substances as the active ingredient, to compounds of formula (I) for the preparation of vermin-deterring compositions, and to the use of compounds of formula (I) in the defence against vermin.
• R is hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or —C(O)—R 8 , whereby R 8 is C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino or nitro;
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, —C(O)—R 3 , —C(S)—R 4 , C(O)—O—R 5 , —C(O)—NH—R 6 or —C(S)—NH—R 7 ; whereby R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 , independently of one another, signify C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, acetoxy, C 1 -C 10 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 10 -alkoxy or C 1 -C 10 -haloalkoxy, or independently of one another, denote unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 3 -alky
• R 2 and R 3 independently of one another, are hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, aryl or nitro;
• R 4 denotes hydrogen, unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 -alkyl or C 1 -C 20 -alkyl which is substituted once or many times by halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkoxy, nitro, phenyl, biphenyl, benzyloxy or phenoxyphenyl, whereby each phenyl, biphenyl, benzyloxy or phenoxyphenyl in turn is unsubstituted or substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 3 -alkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino or nitro; or it denotes C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, biphenyl, phenoxyphenyl or heterocyclyl, whereby each of these cyclic radicals is un
• R b signifies hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, heterocyclyl or aryl, whereby each of the cyclic radicals is unsubstituted or substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkoxy, amino, (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) 2 N, or nitro;
• Compounds of formula (I) having at least one basic centre may form e.g. acid addition salts. These are formed for example with strong inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, e.g. perchloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphoric acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, typically C 1 -C 4 alkanecarboxylic acids substituted where appropriate for example by halogen, e.g. acetic acid, such as dicarboxylic acids that are unsaturated where appropriate, e.g.
• strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, e.g. perchloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphoric acid or a hydrohalic acid
• strong organic carboxylic acids typically C 1 -C 4 alkanecarboxylic acids substituted where appropriate for example by halogen, e.g. acetic acid, such as dicarbox
• oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric or phthalic acid typically hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. ascorbic, lactic, malic, tartaric or citric acid, or benzoic acid, or with organic sulphonic acids, typically C 1 -C 4 alkanesulphonic or arylsulphonic acids substituted where appropriate for example by halogen, e.g. methanesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• organic sulphonic acids typically C 1 -C 4 alkanesulphonic or arylsulphonic acids substituted where appropriate for example by halogen, e.g. methanesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• halogen e.g. methanesulphonic or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
• alkyl groups present in the definitions of the substituents may be straight-chained or branched, depending on the number of carbon atoms, and they may be for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl, as well as the branched isomers thereof, for example isopropyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl or isohexyl.
• Alkoxy, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy radicals are derived from the said alkyl groups.
• Halo denotes halogen and normally signifies fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine or chlorine, especially chlorine, whereby the corresponding substituent may contain one or more identical or different halogen atoms.
• Halogen-substituted carbon-containing groups such as haloalkyl or haloalkoxy, may be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, whereby in the case of multiple halogenation, the halogen substituents may be identical or different.
• haloalkyl as a group per se and as structural element of other groups and compounds such as haloalkoxy—are methyl which is mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CHF 2 or CF 3 ; ethyl which is mono- to pentasubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CF 3 , CF 2 CCl 3 , CF 2 CHCl 2 , CF 2 CHF 2 , CF 2 CFCl 2 , CF 2 CHBr 2 , CF 2 CHClF, CF 2 CHBrF or CClFCHClF; propyl or isopropyl, mono- to heptasubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH 2 CHBrCH 2 Br, CF 2 CHFCF 3 , CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 or CH(CF 3 )
• Alkenyl as a group per se and as structural element of other groups and compounds such as alkeneoxy, halogenalkenyl or halogenalkeneoxy—is, in each case with due consideration of the specific number of carbon atoms in the group or compound in question, either straight-chained, for example vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, allyl, 1-butenyl or 2-hexenyl, or branched, for example isopropenyl.
• cycloalkyl substituents contain 3 to 8 carbon atoms and are, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
• Corresponding cycloalkenyl substituents may be mono- or also repeatedly unsaturated, for example cyclopentadienyl or cyclooctatetraenyl. Cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl are preferred.
• aryl is understood to be phenyl or naphthyl, especially phenyl.
• These aryl groups are either unsubstituted or are substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino or nitro, whereby each multiple substitution is not limited to identical substituents; instead, mixed substituents may appear.
• heterocyclyl is understood to mean aliphatic or aromatic and additionally also benzo-condensed cyclic radicals, which contain at least one oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atom. Five- and six-membered heterocycles are preferred.
• Heterocyclyl typically includes substituents such as dioxolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrryl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyi, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyrryl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, indolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl and dioxanyl.
• substituents such as dioxolanyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrryl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyi, tetrahydrof
• halogen in this case denoting fluorine, chlorine or bromine, but especially chlorine.
• heterocyclyl radicals pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyridyl, pyrryl, furyl, thienyl, tetrahydrofuryl, benzofuryl and benzothienyl are especially notable.
• a preferred sub-group in the context of formula (I) is formed by compounds wherein
• R is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, —C(O)—R 3 or —C(S)—R 4 ; whereby R 3 and R 4 independently of one another, are C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, acetoxy, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, or independently of one another, are unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl or halogen;
• R 2 and R 3 independently of one another, are hydrogen or C 1 -C 3 -alkyl
• R a is hydrogen, C 5 -C 20 -alkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkyl or phenyl, whereby each of the cyclic radicals is unsubstituted or is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkoxy, halogen, amino, (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) 2 N, or acetyl; and
• R b is hydrogen, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, C 1 -C 3 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkoxy, halogen, amino or (C 1 -C 3 -alkyl) 2 N; including the acid addition salts thereof.
• the compounds which are especially preferred are those wherein R is hydrogen and the remaining substituents are defined as under formula (I), as well as the acid addition salts thereof.
• a further sub-group, which is preferred because of its marked activity, is formed by compounds of formula I, wherein R 1 is —C(O)—R 3 , whereby R 3 represents unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, especially by methyl, ethyl or isopropyl, and the remaining substituents are defined as under formula (I), as well as the acid addition salts thereof.
• R a is C 5 -C 20 -alkyl, benzoyloxymethyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)furryl-2, unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which is substituted once or many times by C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, methoxy or chlorine; including the acid addition salts thereof, and in particular representatives in which R a is a straight-chained C 7 -C 20 -alkyl; including the acid addition salts thereof.
• the free active ingredients are clearly preferred over the acid addition salts.
• vermin are understood to be in particular insects, mites and ticks. These include insects of the order: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Anoplura, Siphonaptera, Mallophaga, Thysanura, Isoptera, Psocoptera and Hymenoptera.
• vermin which may be mentioned in particular are those which trouble humans or animals and carry pathogens, for example flies such as Musca domestics, Musca vetustissima, Musca autumnalis, Fannia canicularis, Sarcophaga camaria, Lucilia cuprina, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum, Chrysomyla chloropyga, Dermatobia hominis, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Oestrus ovis, Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans and midges (Nematocera), such as Culicidae, Simullidae, Psychodidae, but also blood-sucking vermin, for example fleas, such as Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis (cat and dog fleas), Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Dermatophilus penetrans , lice, such
• Haematopota pluvialis such as Haematopota pluvialis , Tabanidea spp. such as Tabanus nigrovittatus , Chrysopsinae spp. such as Chrysops caecutiens , tsetse flies, such as species of Glossinia, biting insects, particularly cockroaches, such as Blatella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana , mites, such as Dermanyssus gallinae, Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Psorergates spp. and last but not least ticks. The latter belong to the order Acatina.
• ticks are, for example, Boophilus, Amblyomma, Anocentor, Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Rhipicentor, Margaropus, Rhipicephalus, Argas, Otobius and Omithodoros and the like, which preferably infest warm-blooded animals including farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry such as chickens, turkeys and geese, fur-bearing animals such as mink, foxes, chinchillas, rabbits and the like, as well as domestic animals such as cats and dogs, but also humans.
• farm animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and goats
• poultry such as chickens, turkeys and geese
• fur-bearing animals such as mink, foxes, chinchillas, rabbits and the like
• domestic animals such as cats and dogs, but also humans.
• Ticks may be divided into hard and soft ticks, and are characterised by infesting one, two or three host animals. They attach themselves to a passing host animal and suck the blood or body fluids. Fully engorged female ticks drop from the host animal and lay large amounts of eggs (2000 to 3000) in a suitable crack in the floor or in any other protected site where the larvae hatch. These in turn seek a host animal, in order to suck blood from it. Larvae of ticks which only infest one host animal moult twice and thus become nymphs and finally adult ticks without leaving the host they have selected.
• Ticks are responsible world-wide for the transmission and spread of many human and animal diseases. Because of their economic influence, the most important ticks are Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Hyalomma, Amblyomma and Dermacentor. They are carriers of bacterial, viral, rickettsial and protozoal diseases and cause tick-paralysis and tick-toxicosis. Even a single tick can cause paralysis whereby its saliva penetrates into the host animal during ingestion.
• ticks Diseases caused by ticks are usually transmitted by ticks, which infest several host animals.
• diseases for example babesiosis, anaplasmosis, theileriasis and heart water disease, are responsible for the death or impairment of a large number of domestic and farm animals in the entire world.
• Ixodide ticks transmit the agent of the chronically harmful Lyme's disease from wild animals to humans. Apart from the transmission of disease, the ticks are responsible for great economic losses in livestock production. Losses are not confined to the death of the host animals, but also include damage to the pelts, loss of growth, a reduction in milk production and reduced value of the meat.
• fleas on domestic animals and pets likewise still represents for the owner a problem which has not been satisfactorily resolved or can only be resolved at considerable expense.
• fleas are not only troublesome, but are carriers of disease, and transmit various fungal diseases from host animal to host animal and to the animal keeper, particularly in moist, warm climatic areas, for example in the Mediterranean, in the southern part of USA, etc.
• Those at risk in particular are people with a weakened immune system or children whose immune system has not yet fully developed.
• the present active ingredients can of course be mixed with other substances having the same sphere of activity or with parasiticides or with other activity-improving substances to achieve further improved or longer-lasting action, and then applied, in contrast to many compounds of the prior art, this is totally unnecessary, as they already combine all the advantageous properties.
• the present active ingredients are preferably used in diluted form. Normally, they are brought to the final application form by using appropriate formulation excipients, and they then contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 90% by weight of the active ingredient.
• suitable formulation excipients are the excipients and administration forms that are known in cosmetics. They may be administered in the form of solutions, emulsions, ointments, creams, pastes, powders, sprays, etc.
• liquid or semi-liquid formulations For administration to farm animals or pets, such as cows, horses, asses, camels, dogs, cats, poultry, sheep, goats, etc., the so-called ‘pour-on’ or ‘spot-on’ formulations are especially suitable; these liquid or semi-liquid formulations have the advantage that they only have to be applied to a small area of the pelt or plumage, and, thanks to the proportion of spreading oils or other spreading additives, they disperse by themselves over the whole pelt or plumage, without having to do anything else, and become active over the whole area.
• inanimate materials for example clothing or dog and cat baskets, stables, carpets, curtains, living quarters, conservatories, etc. may be treated with said formulations and thus protected from parasite infestation.
• a pleasant-smelling essence e.g. a perfume
• a pleasant-smelling essence e.g. a perfume
• a vermin-deterring composition in the form of a lotion for application to the skin is prepared by mixing 30 parts of one of the active ingredients according to the invention from Table 1, 1.5 parts of perfume and 68.5 parts of isopropanol, whereby the latter may be replaced by ethanol.
• a vermin-deterring composition in the form of an aerosol for spraying onto the pelt of a pet is prepared by formulating 50% active ingredient solution, consisting of 30 parts of one of the active ingredients according to the invention from Table 1, 1.5 parts of perfume and 68.5 parts of isopropanol, with 50% Frigen 11/12 (a halogenated hydrocarbon) as propellant gas in an aerosol can.
• 50% active ingredient solution consisting of 30 parts of one of the active ingredients according to the invention from Table 1, 1.5 parts of perfume and 68.5 parts of isopropanol, with 50% Frigen 11/12 (a halogenated hydrocarbon) as propellant gas in an aerosol can.
• a vermin-deterring composition in the form of an aerosol for spraying onto the skin is prepared by formulating 40% active ingredient solution, consisting of 20 parts of one of the active ingredients according to the invention, 1 part of perfume, 79 parts of isopropanol, with 60% propane/butane (in a ratio of 15:85) as propellant gas in an aerosol can.
• a mixture of bromomagnesium decane (0.31 mols) in 350 ml of dry diethyl ether is mixed dropwise at 25° C. with a solution of 2-cyanopyridine (0.3 mols) in 250 ml of dry ethyl ether.
• the reaction mixture is heated for 2 hours under reflux, then cooled to 10° C. and mixed with aqueous sulphuric acid (70 ml water/200 ml 5N H 2 SO 4 ).
• the reaction product is extracted with diethyl ether.
• the ether phase is washed repeatedly with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated in a vacuum.
• Ac is acetyl
• AcO is acetyloxy
• Me is methyl
• MeO methoxy
• Et is ethyl
• EtO is ethoxy
• P is propyl
• PO is propoxy
• nP is n-propyl
• iP is iso-propyl
• B is butyl
• nB is n-butyl
• iB is iso-butyl
• sB is sec.-butyl
• tB is tert.-butyl
• Ph is phenyl
• Bz is benzyl
• cPro is cyclopropyl
• cBu is cyclobutyl
• cPen is cyclopentyl
• cHex is cyclohexyl
• cHep is cycloheptyl
• cOc is cyclooctyl
• me is methylene.
• This method is carried out in titre plates having 6 wells with a cross-section of 5 cm each, using a computer-supported video system.
• Each well of the titre plate is lined with a circular filter paper or another suitable carrier material.
• the substance of formula I to be tested is dissolved in methanol, acetonitrile or another suitable solvent, with ultrasound treatment and heating being employed for poorly-soluble substances.
• the dissolved test substance is placed in the centre of the filter paper on a quadrant or circular area of ca. 2.4 cm 2 radius.
• 4 of the 6 wells are filled with different test substances or with the same test substance in different dilutions (e.g. 1, 3.2, 5, 10 and 20 ⁇ g/cm 2 ).
• the 5th well is treated with DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) as standard substance.
• the 6th well is filled with the pure solvent and serves as a control. 60 to 100 larvae or 25 to 50 nymphs or 10 to 25 adults of the parasite to be tested, e.g. ticks, are added to each filter paper, and the system is covered with a pane of glass and positioned under a video camera.
• the video camera takes individual pictures of all 6 wells. For a qualitative evaluation, these images are observed in a time-lapse as a continuous film, optically following the movements of the parasites on the filter paper and comparing them with the movements in the control well no. 6 or with the standard in the 5th well. A qualitative observation is thus made as to whether the test parasites move evenly over the whole surface of the filter paper and ignore the test substance, or whether and over what period they avoid the treated zone, and what influence the dilution of the test substance has on the behaviour of the test parasites. In this way, neutral and deterring substances are determined. At the same time, the duration of activity of the test substance is determined and compared with that of the standard.
• the test is carried out as described above, with ca. 25 to 50 nymphs being added per well. 10 mg of dissolved test substance is applied to an area of 2.4 cm 2 radius.
• An evaluation of the video images shows that the compounds of formula I display marked deterrent action against Amblyomma nymphs, which lasts considerably longer than that of DEET. Particularly marked long-term activity is shown for example by compounds nos. 1.26 to 1.36, 1.40, 1.45, 1.47, 1.95, 1.96, 1.97, 1.137, and 1.139, even up to a dilution of 3.2 ⁇ g/cm 2 .
• the test is carried out as described above, with ca. 60 to 100 larvae being added per well. 10 mg of dissolved test substance is applied to an area of 2.4 cm 2 radius.
• An evaluation of the video images shows that the compounds of formula I display marked deterring action against Bophilus larvae, which lasts considerably longer than that of DEET. Particularly marked long-term activity is shown for example by compounds nos.1.26 to 1.36, 1.40, 1.45, 1.47, 1.95, 1.96, 1.97, 1.137, 1.139, 1.140, 1.141, 1.142 and 1.143 even up to a dilution of 10 ⁇ g/cm 2 .
• a test is carried out analogously to example B using ca. 40 to 50 nymphs.
• An evaluation of the video images shows that the compounds according to the invention display good deterring action.
• the compounds are notable for their almost complete deterring action, which lasts considerably longer than that of DEET.
• Particularly marked long-term activity is shown for example by compounds nos. 1.27, 1.29, 1.32, 1.34, 1.36, 1.40, 1.45, 1.59, 1.96, 1.137, and 1.139, even up to a dilution of 10 ⁇ g/cm 2 .
• test substances are tested for their attractant activity to various species of fly, such as Musca domestics . It is shown that the substances mentioned above display strong deterring action even with these tested models.

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