Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
  • D01C3/00—Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool
  • D01C3/02—De-gumming silk
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
  • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
  • D06C2700/00—Finishing or decoration of textile materials, except for bleaching, dyeing, printing, mercerising, washing or fulling
  • D06C2700/21—Calenders for drying fabrics

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process of treating raw silk to remove from it the natural gum.
• Genuine silk is produced by the silkworm (Bombg a: more), and comprises the fiber which is known as fibroin, and the yellow gum sericin which is about to 30% of the weight of the silk fiber.
• the temperature of the bath is held just below the boiling point, say 205 F. After two hours, the silk is removed from the first bath and treated for approximately twenty minutes in a second bath containing 2500 gal. of water and 50 lbs. of soap.
• the original degumming bath may be used to degum two additional 350 lb.
• Another object of this invention is to provide a material or reagent adapted to wash or remove the sericin from silk.
• This invention comprises treating the natural silk alone or associated with other fibers or materials with an aqueous alkaline solution and an aqueous solution of a powerful emulsifying agent which removes the natural gum and also any oil or other similar material which may have been deposited upon the fibers during some previous treatment.
• This emulsifying agent is so powerful that it prevents the formation of any scum upon the surface of the bath in which the silk fiber is treated. It is likewise the concept of the inventors to use an emulsifying agent which is safety in the presence of the preferred emulsifying agent of this invention.
• This preferred reagent comprises mineral onates, recovered as by-products in the practice of the Petroflf-Humphre process of refining mineral oil such as lurioating stock into white oil and the light colored technical oils.
• This process is exemplified by the following patents:
• Mineral oil sulphonates fall in'two' gener a1 classes.
• the mahogany sulphonates or oil phonates for degumming silk because they are more power 111 as emulsifiers than the sludge layer sulphonates, and also because they have less tendency to discolor the silk.
• the silk is preferably immersed in this aqueous solution containing .03% sodium hydroxide and .5 to 1% mahogany sulphonate at a temperature slightly below boilmg for a period of between 10 and 45 minutes.
• the surface of the degumming bath is entirely free from scum due to the unusual emulsifying powers of the mahogany sulphonate.
• One bath, with replacement of the alkali I whichhas been used ment, ma be used for at least four batches of silk be ore the concentration of sericin becomes harmfully high. This result is possible 40 because of the unusual colloidal power of the mahogany sulphonates to disperse the sericin which has been saponified by the alkali. Since the, alkali is used up by each treatment, thedegummed silk fiber is not injured by the solution.
• the silk Before being placed in the dye bath the silk is rinsed in water butshould any of the .mahogan sulphonate remain on the silk no harm is one since the acid dye bath converts the mahogany soap to mahogany acid which is also readily soluble.
• the silk so degummed, therefore, dyes evenly, first, because it has not been contaminated with any scum, and secondly, because traces of'the emulsifier are soluble in the dye bath.
• a bath is made up as follows:
• the preferred reagent comprises substantially 100 parts maho any sulphonates to 3 parts sodium hydroxi e by weight.
• a substantial problem resides, however, in constituting an entirely homogeneous reagent of mahogany sulphonates and alkali, that is, a reagent in which the alkali will not settle or separate from the sulphonates, so that some portion of the particular batch contains a' greater percentage of alkali than some other portion.
• the mahogany sulphonates alone are quite viscous and gummy and consequently hard to pour, handle, and measure-with accuracy.
• asatisfactory reagent is constituted as follows:
• oil may be added to this mixture to further reduce the viscosity and to increase the solubility of the substance without causing a separation of the alkali.
• a mutual solvent for the alkali and sulphonates such as an aqueous alcohol or the like, and this efiects' a homogeneous admixture of the mahogany.
• sul- 110 phonates and alkali, so that all portions of a given batch contain substantially the same percentage of components.
• a material adapted to degum silk comprising mineral oil sulphonates, an alkali, and a liquid in which the sulphonates and alkali are both soluble.
• a material adapted to degum silk comprising, mineral oil sulphonates, an alkali, and alcohol.
• a homogeneous material adapted to degum silk comprising substan- .tially 110 parts mahogany sulphonates con- 125 taimn about 10% water, 3 parts sodium hydroxi' e, and 8 arts 95% methyl alcohol.
• the art 0 effecting a substantially comlete removal of sericin from silk without inqury to the silk, said art-comprising, subject-130 ing the silk bearing the sericin simultaneously to the chemical and colloidal action of a hot aqueous solution, the chemical action being provided by an alkali in said solution equal in strength to between .01 and 03% sodium hydroxide, the colloidal action being provided by water soluble salts of mahogany sulphonic acids adapted to disperse the sericin saponified by the alkali throughout the solution Without scum formation.
• the art of efiecting a substantially complete removal of sericin from silk without injury to the silk comprising, subjecting the silk bearing the sericin simultaneously to the chemical and colloidal action of a hot aqueous solution, the chemical action being provided by an alkali in said solution equal in strength to between .01 and 03% sodium hydroxide, the colloidal action being provided by water soluble salts of mahogany sulphonicacids adapted to disperse the sericin saponified by the alkali throughout the solution without scum formation, the quantity of the treating solution being so adjusted to the quantity of silk treated that the available alkali content of the solution is substantially reduced by the saponification of the sericin on the silk so that the treating solution is not injurious to the silk fiber as it becomes exposed by removal of the sericin.
• the method of degumming successive batches of silk in a single treating bath comprising, alkalinizing the treatment bath before each batch of silk is introduced, the quantity of alkali introduced being related to the quantity of sericin to be saponified by its action so that the available alkali in the bath is substantially reduced by its action on the sericin, maintaining the removed sericin in a dispersed condition throughout the bath without scum formation by virtue sulphonic acids, the process being carried out our names.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9761928

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (12)

• 0
  • BE BE367138D patent/BE367138A/xx unknown
• 1928
  • 1928-05-07 FR FR668516D patent/FR668516A/fr not_active Expired
• 1929
  • 1929-03-16 US US347729A patent/US1896494A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1930
  • 1930-01-22 DE DE1930534742D patent/DE534742C/de not_active Expired
  • 1930-02-03 GB GB3630/30A patent/GB349961A/en not_active Expired

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