US1875981A - Incandescent electric lamp bulb - Google Patents

Incandescent electric lamp bulb Download PDF

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Publication number
US1875981A
US1875981A US481618A US48161830A US1875981A US 1875981 A US1875981 A US 1875981A US 481618 A US481618 A US 481618A US 48161830 A US48161830 A US 48161830A US 1875981 A US1875981 A US 1875981A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
bulb
thermally
light
electric lamp
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US481618A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry H Blau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MACBETH EVANS GLASS CO
MACBETH-EVANS GLASS Co
Original Assignee
MACBETH EVANS GLASS CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL34768D priority Critical patent/NL34768C/xx
Priority to NL53675D priority patent/NL53675C/xx
Application filed by MACBETH EVANS GLASS CO filed Critical MACBETH EVANS GLASS CO
Priority to US481618A priority patent/US1875981A/en
Priority to DE1930622600D priority patent/DE622600C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1875981A publication Critical patent/US1875981A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C7/00—Non-inflatable or solid tyres
    • B60C7/10—Non-inflatable or solid tyres characterised by means for increasing resiliency
    • B60C7/14—Non-inflatable or solid tyres characterised by means for increasing resiliency using springs
    • B60C7/16—Non-inflatable or solid tyres characterised by means for increasing resiliency using springs of helical or flat coil form
    • B60C7/20—Non-inflatable or solid tyres characterised by means for increasing resiliency using springs of helical or flat coil form disposed circumferentially relative to wheel axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
    • H01K1/325—Reflecting coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to incandescent electric lamps having bulbs which are so mod fied that a substantial portion of the illumination produced by a lamp filament is derived from rays reflected from the modified portion of the bulb, which portion, in addition to functioning as a reflector, is usually translucent to transmit as difiused light a portion of the filament rays which strike it.
  • Illuminating experts have long sought for a durable electric lamp bulb to modify light emanating from a lamp filament In such a way as to combine reduced surface brightness with efiiciency in the transmission an reflection of visible radiation, the bulb being relatively free from depreciation both by discoloration or deterioration of the material by which it is modified, and being easy and cheap to manufacture.
  • Electric lamp bulbs of the type herein contemplated have been made of clear glass with the bowls of the bulbs provided with enameled portions for increasing their reflecting properties and for difl'using transmitted light.
  • these kinds of bulbs it has been difficult, if not impossible, to obtain efficiency in illumination and a proper balance between reflected and transmitted light.
  • their manufacture is attended by special operations, such as enameling,which add to the cost of their production, and, in the case of is subject to deterioration.
  • some bulbs have had their bowls provided with silver coatings to render them reflecting, and others have been sand blasted 0r etched to render them translucent.
  • the object of this invention is to provide an electric lamp bulb which efliciently produces combined direct and indirect illumination, which may be manufactured at a comparatively low cost, and the illuminating eifid Specifically,
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of an electric lamp bulb embodying the invention and shownpositioned in a reflector, a cross section of which is illustrated; and Fig. 2 a similar view of a modified form of lamp bulb positioned in an enclosing globe, a cross section of which is illustrated.
  • an electric lamp bulb may be integrally formed and so thermally opacifiecl locally as to provide it with a translucent portion, which, with low absorption and with low intrinsic bril liancy,transmits from a filament a suitable amount of diffused light, and which portion efficiently reflects a large amount of light through another portion of the bulb which is not thermally opacified.
  • the bulbs thus provided are further characterized by being formed of uniform homogeneous glass, instead of being weakened or modified as is the case in enamelling and sand blasting.
  • a bulb of the desired shape and size for its intended use may be blown in the usual or any desired manner.
  • the bulb is preferably formed of substantially uniform thickness through-out. Either as a part of its forming operation, or by a subsequent procedure, the bulb is so treated as to thermally opacify a desired portion of it. When this is done as a part of the forming operation, provision is made for cooling and subsequent reheating of that portion of the bulb which it is desired to thermally opacify, while effecting a normal rate of cooling without such reheating of the glass forming the other portion'of the bulb.
  • the thermal opacification of a bulb is effected by a procedure subsequent to the blowing operation, it may e accomplished by heating the portion of the bulb which is to be thermally opacified. This may be done by inserting such portion in a suitable shield or 'casing electrically or otherwise heated to such a temperature that the portion of the bulb exposed to it is quickly raised to a temperature of from about 950 to 1200 F.
  • the other portion of the bulb should be shielded from the direct action of the heat in such a way that there is produced an adequately sharp line of demarcation between the thermally opacified and un-opacified portions of the bulb.
  • the portion of the bulb desired to be thermally opacified may similarly be inserted in a suitable opening formed in the wall of a gas-fired furnace.
  • an electric lamp is shown in Fig. 1, the lamp including a bulb having its lower portion 2 thermally opacified to transmit diffused light through it and to reflect light through its upper portion 3 for further reflection, by reflector 1, for indirect illumination.
  • the upper portion 3 of the bulb being untreated, effectively transmits not only the light reflected upwardly from the treated portion 11, but also the direct upward rays from the filament 4 of the lamp.
  • the intrinsic brilliancy of the thermally opacified portion 2 of the bulb being relatively low, the lamp may be viewed without discomfort.
  • FIG. 2 an electric lamp having a bulb, such as that just described, is shown positioned within a translucent glass globe 10 such as used for street and like lighting, the bulb of the lamp having its outer or upper portion 11 thermally opacified to transmit diffused light through it and to reflect light downwardly through its untreated lower or socket-end portion 12.
  • the major portion of the light rays from the lamp filament 13 Which-strikes the treated portion 11 is reflected downwardly through portion 12 and thence through the lower portion of globe 10 for diffused light illumination.
  • direct rays from the filament 13 pass through the lower portion of the bulb for similar illumination. In this way, sufficient light is transmitted through portion 11 of the bulb to illuminate the upper portion of the globe, but without a prejudicial waste of available li ht.
  • a bulb may have one of its sides thermally opacified for use in show cases, in store windows, or in association with shallow reflectors, the combined light transmitting rom the the bulbs of a semi-diffusing character to reduce the sharpness of filamentimages and fixture shadows, as is indicated on the untreated portion 12 of the bulb of Fig. 2.
  • the untreated portion of a bulb 1s to be of clear transparent glass, as shown in Fig. 1 the relative proportions of the variout constituents of the glass, and particularly the relative proportions of its opacifying to its other constituents, are such that the opacifying constituent or constitutents do not exert any opacifying effect under normal heat treatment of the glass.
  • the relative proportions of the various constituents of the glass, and particularly the relative proportions of the opacifying to its other constituents, are such that the opacifying constituent or constituents do not exert their full effect until the bulb is thermally treated in a manner previously explained.
  • glasses which I have used to obtain the results contemplated by this invention differ from the other the'rmally-opacifiable glasses known to me.
  • glasses resulting from the following batches A and B may be used Ingredients I Batch A Batch B Band 1000 1000- Soda ash I 290 292 Aluminum hydrate "I 35 36. Feldspar 680 687 N itre 35 36 Barium carbonate Arsenic trioxide 7. 5 7. 7 Sodium sillcofluoride 82. 5 Litharge 185 locally to form a dense highly-translucent be made from glasses resulting from the glass which is at the same time highly reflecting.
  • Glasses resulting from the foregoing batches are merely typical, and not limiting.
  • bulbs may be thermally o acified locally to form highly difiusing an reflecting portions with adequately shar lines of demarcation between them and te adjoing glass.
  • the glasses are readily workable, and the thermally opacified portions of bulbs made from them are of uniform opacity.
  • An incandescent electric lamp bulb integrally formed throughout of a chemicallyhomogeneous thermally-opacifiable glass, one portion of the bulb being thermally opacified to transmit diflused light and to reflect light through another portion of the bulb.
  • An incandescent electric lamp bulb integrally formed throughout of a chemicallyliomogeneous thermally-opacifiable glass, the bowl of the bulb being thermally-opacified to transmit diflused light and to reflect light through the inner portion of the bulb.
  • An incandescent electric lamp bulb integrally formed throughout of a chemicallyhomogeneous thermally-opacifiable normally clear glass, one portion only of the bulb being thermally-opacified to transmit difiused light tegrally formed throughout and to neflect light through another portion of the bulb.
  • An incandescent electric lamp bulb integrally' formed throughout of a chemicallyhomogeneous thermally-opacifiable normally semi-diffusing glass, the bowl of the bulb being thermally-opacified to transmit diffused light and to reflect light through the inner semi-diffusing glass portion of the bulb adjacent to its socket end.
  • An incandescent electric lamp bulb inof a chemicallyhomogeneous glass one portion of the bulb 37 being difierentially opacified throughout its entire body to render it translucent to transmit diflused light and to reflect light through another portion of the bulb.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
US481618A 1930-09-13 1930-09-13 Incandescent electric lamp bulb Expired - Lifetime US1875981A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL34768D NL34768C (de) 1930-09-13
NL53675D NL53675C (de) 1930-09-13
US481618A US1875981A (en) 1930-09-13 1930-09-13 Incandescent electric lamp bulb
DE1930622600D DE622600C (de) 1930-09-13 1930-09-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung lichtzerstreuender Glashohlkoerper

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US481618A US1875981A (en) 1930-09-13 1930-09-13 Incandescent electric lamp bulb

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1875981A true US1875981A (en) 1932-09-06

Family

ID=23912686

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US481618A Expired - Lifetime US1875981A (en) 1930-09-13 1930-09-13 Incandescent electric lamp bulb

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1875981A (de)
DE (1) DE622600C (de)
NL (2) NL53675C (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3042795A (en) * 1958-10-01 1962-07-03 Nord Photocopy And Electronics Photocopy machine
US5452192A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-09-19 Yurich; Gary D. Luminaire having hard wiring

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE750711A (fr) * 1969-05-29 1970-11-03 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Procede de production de verre cristallin contenant des portions ayant des degres de cristallisation differents

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3042795A (en) * 1958-10-01 1962-07-03 Nord Photocopy And Electronics Photocopy machine
US5452192A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-09-19 Yurich; Gary D. Luminaire having hard wiring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL34768C (de)
NL53675C (de)
DE622600C (de) 1935-12-02

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