US1816441A - Insecticide, fungicide and disinfectant - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 28; 1931 CHARLES H. rnn'r, or

BRISTOL, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB TO ROHM AND HAAS COM- rm, A CORPORATION ornELAwAnn INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE AND DISINFECTANT No Drawing.

Thisinvention relates to the use of a series of organic derivatives which are of value as insecticides, fungicides and disinfectants. Throughout the following application, the

. use of these compounds as fungicides and flies, etc., and to other allied classes of Ar-.-

thropoda, whose members are Wingless and usually have more than six legs, as spiders, mites, ticks, centipedes, wood lice, etc.

Heretofore chief reliance was placed in 23 the control of insectpests on arsenicals and lead compounds, come questionable because of the fact that any of the insecticide left on the fruit or other edible part'of the plant is a menace to 25 man and; domestic animals. There is, therefore, an insistent demand for insecticides that will be harmless and still at least as effective as those hitherto employed. There are insecticides that fulfill this requirement but fall short in certain other respects.

Insect flowers, for instance, have been known for a long time, and the flowers themselves and the extracts made from them are highly poisonous to most insects. The investigations of Staudinger have shown that the active principle of the insect flower, orPyrethrum, is an ester, which loses its insecticidal value on saponification. Furthermore, 'the active principle is a compound which is very 'diflicult to evaluate by chemical means, and, consequently, a control of its strength at the place of manufacture and in the consumers hands cannot be made except by biological assay, a procedure that is tedious and not always reliable without-very careful checks. It is also quite expensive.

Another insecticide, that is fairly eflective for certain classes of insects and comparatively innocuous for humans. and domestic animals, is sodium fluoride. .However, the

but lately their use has be-' Application filed August 8, 1927. Serial No. 211,631.

concentration necessary makes its application generally rather diflicult. A few organic compounds, such as para dichlorobenzol, cresol and others have only ver limited fields of application. Nicotine, whlch is very eflectlve in certain cases of greenhouse infestations, is toxic for humans and is quite expensive. Soaps, such as, for instance, fish, whale oil and rape oil soaps, are not very powerful and are sometimes harmful to foliage.

It has heretofore been suggested (United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 1313, pages 6, 10 and 15) that certain monochloroacetyl compounds may be used as fumigants. However, for this purpose the material must be used in the gaseous phase, and readily volatile compounds such as monochloroacetone or chloroacetophenone are necessary to give theproper vapor concen.--

tration. While such materials have a fumigatlng act on, it is known that they are chemically closely related to certain so-called tear gases and that they are extremely irritating to the eyes and mucous membrane. For this reason they can only be used under carefully controlled fumigating conditions and their general use as a household insecticideis from a practical standpoint as much out of the question as would be the use of poisonous gases; 4

I have discovered that less volatile, compounds contaming the monochloroacetyl group, even though useless as fumigants, have extremely valuable qualities as insecticides, fungicides or disinfectants, when used in the non-gaseous phase. I have further found that these materials can be used for these purposes without precaution and in rooms intended for human habitation without such use causing any objectionable effect. This difference in action is undoubtedlyv due to the low vapor tension of such materials, and can be augmented (particularly in the case of materials approaching closely to the line of substances available as fumigants) by combining such substance with another liquid (either insolution or dispersed in such other liquid) so that the vapor tension of the monochloro-' acetyl compound is substantially reduced.

ethylene glycol dim-onochloroacetate in a mixture of kerosene and solvent naphtha when Thus, I can use compounds having a vapor tension as high as that of amyl monochloroacetate when the same is properly combined with another liquid. I prefer, however, to use even less volatile materials and have found that the efliciency thereof is increased if a compound is selected having two or more monochloroacetyl groups included in the molecule. Thus I have found that monochloroacetates of the polyhydric alcohols are particularly efficient but other substances having relatively low vapor tensions (ranging from substantially zero up to the vapor tension of amyl-monochloroacetate) can be used which will act in either the liquid or solid state shown by the following examples:

E wample (1) .A molar solution of glyceryl trimonochloroacetate in a hydrocarbon mixture, or other solvent, will kill Dermcstes vulpinus, cockroaches, flies, ants and aphis by dipping or spraying.

Example .-A molar emulsion of cyclohexanol monochloroacetate in a water solution of'soap will kill Dermestes vulpinus, aphis,'Japanese beetle and cockroaches.

E mamplc (3) .-The vapors of ethylene glycol dimonochloroacetate will kill houseflies in an enclosed space at the dilution of onefourth gram in 216 cubic feet. In this case 15 to 20 cubic centimeters of kerosene, containing one-fourth gram of ethylene glycol dimonochloroacetate, was sprayed into the chamber.

Example (4) .Dermestes vulpinus dipped into or sprayed with the undiluted BB dichloroisopropyl monochloroacetate are killed promptly.

Ewample (5 ).A 16/ water solution of neutral sodium mon-oc'hloroacetate killed aphis, or an water solution of the same salt killed Dermestes vulpinus.

Example (6).A powder composed of 33 vomega chloroacetanilide (N-monochl-oroacetylanilin) and 66%% of some inert diluent, such as calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, etc., blown upon or otherwise brought in contact with Blattella germanica kills these insects.

E wample (7).A 10% mixture of beta chloroethyl monochloroacetate in some food substance, which is attractive for the insects,

such as beef extract or other proteid material for Dermestes vulpinus, does not repel the insect and does kill it after ingestion.

Emample (8) .A molar solution of sprayed upon freshly deposited eggs of Musca domestica in their natural environment/i. e., horse manure, prevented the hatching of these eggs.

E wample (9).-A molar mixture of trimethylene glycol dimonochloroacetate in water killed the larvae of Dermestes vulpinus and of Musca domestica when these larvae were sprayed with this insecticide.

Example (10) .A molar solution of trimethylene glycol dimonochloroacetate in a mixture of kerosene and solvent naphtha prc- In giving those concrete examples, I am not limiting myself to the specific compounds mentioned; nor do I wish to limit myself to the particular insects mentioned, nor to the particular methods of application described.

Generally speaking, I have found that all kinds of insects are killed by every type of compound containing the mon-ochloroacetyl group, but the amount necessary varies with the susceptibility of the insect and toxicity of the compound.

I claim:

1. An insecticide, fungicide and disinfectant comprising a monochloroacetic acid ester of a saturated aliphatic polyhydric alcohol.

2. An insecticideffungicide and disinfectant comprising a monochloroacetic acid ester of a saturated aliphatic polyhydric alcohol in which all hydroxy groups are completely esterified by monochloroacetic acid.

3. As an insecticide, fungicide and disin- H fectant, ethylene glycol di-m0nochloroacetate,

4. An insecticide, fungicide and disinfec- W