RU2192128C1 - Mineral-oily emulsion for control of plant pest - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to insectoacaricides use for control of pests of fruit-berry crops. Mineral-oily emulsion comprises licorice root extract and activated positively charged water at pH = 8.2 in the following ratio of components, wt.-%: mineral oil, 60-65; licorice root extract, 6-10; emulsifier OP-10, 6-10; activated water, the balance. Mineral-oily emulsion shows the broad action spectrum, high effectiveness with respect to pests of plants and fungicide properties also. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of emulsion. 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to biocides, for example, disinfectants, pesticides, herbicides, repellents or antitractants, or plant growth regulators characterized by their form, inactive ingredients or method of use, substances that weaken the harmful effects of active ingredients on organisms other than pests characterized by surfactants, as well as containing hydrocarbons, namely insectoacaricides to control pests of fruit crops.

 Known organophosphorus insecticide acaricidal contact-intestinal action "benzophosphate" (10% wetting powder - TU 113-04-202-85). Used to combat the Colorado potato beetle, moths, aphids, ticks and other sucking and leaf-eating pests on fruit, citrus, vegetable crops, tobacco shag. Also available as a 10% concentrated emulsion. The multiplicity of treatments is two. The disadvantage of this drug is its toxicity, although it is low toxic for bees, the inability to use it with alkaline formulations, including those containing lime, does not destroy mite eggs and is ineffective with a number of other plant diseases.

 Known insecticide (PCT (WO), patent N94 / 22299, Mcl A 01 N 25/00), which consists of two active components (whose composition is in solid form), one of the components stimulates the growth of insects at the larval stage, and the second active is a directly toxic substance, kills adults.

 The disadvantage of this insecticide is its selective effect on a limited number of species of harmful insects.

 Known insectoacaricide "karbafos" - 10% concentrated emulsion or 10% wetting powder, organophosphorus drug contact action (V.I. -459), mixes well with water, forming a stable emulsion. It is used to control sucking pests (aphids, copper flocks, etc.), leaf-eating caterpillars of harmful young butterflies, sawfly larvae, and also with caterpillars of the apple moth.

 The disadvantage of this drug is the short duration of exposure, does not destroy the eggs of pests (does not have ovicidal properties), toxic, inability to use in the early spring.

 It is known that dispersion is a fine grinding of a liquid. Introduction to the system of surface-active substances (surfactants) - dispersants, emulsifiers - reduces energy consumption during dispersion and increases the dispersion of the ground phase. Pressure up to 0.8 MPa. "

 Lyophobic emulsions occur during mechanical, acoustic or electrical emulsification, as well as due to the condensation of the formation of droplets of the dispersed phase in supersaturated solutions or melts. They are thermodynamically unstable. Emulsion stabilizers are surfactants.

 Emulsols - used in the form of 3-10% aqueous emulsions. Prepared on the basis of petroleum oils, mainly industrial. It contains emulsifiers (salts of carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids, etc.), stabilizers (for example, water, alcohol) and additives (bactericidal, antifoam) (Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983, Ch. Editor Knunyants).

 Known insecticide with fungicidal action "oleokuprit" - oil-oil emulsion concentrate (oil oil 73% plus copper naphthenate 15% - organic copper salt as a fungicidal additive (SK Grebenshchikov. "Plant Protection Guide for gardeners and gardeners." - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p.31) It is recommended for one-time spraying of apple trees in the early spring against the wintering stages of scale insects, ticks, tarsi, aphids and some other pests, as well as to reduce the development of scab and spotting (see also V.I. Sergeev. "Alphabet and the gardener ", p. 456).

 The disadvantage of this emulsion is the use on only one type of fruit tree, namely on the apple tree, and is ineffective with a number of pests and other diseases of plants of fruit crops.

 Known pesticide (PCT (WO), patent N94 / 23578, M.cl A 01 N 25/30 "Herbicide composition"). The composition of the herbicide is in the form of a concentrated microemulsion: a) an active component of the herbicidal action, b) a surfactant-ethoxylated styrylphenol, c) an organic solvent from the group of aromatic hydrocarbons, d) water. Used as a herbicide for rice fields. The disadvantage of this composition of the herbicide is that it is applicable only on grain crops.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed composition of the mineral oil emulsion is the preparation N30 - a prototype (V.I. Sergeev. "ABC of the gardener", pp. 455-456). The drug N30 is registered under N01-312-0002-0 VNIIKHSZR state registration of the preparative form ("List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation" for 2001. Appendix to the journal "Plant Protection and Quarantine" N3, 2001, p.66). The drug N30 contains 76% of mineral oil, surfactants and water, is a concentrate of mineral oil emulsions and refers to contact preparations.

 Soaps, sulfite-alcohol stillage concentrates, OP-7 and OP-10 preparations, gelatin, casein and its preparations, clays, etc. having high surface activity are used as surfactants ("Agricultural Encyclopedia", M., 1975, ed. Soviet Encyclopedia, 4th ed., P. 1029, volume 4). Surfactants — the ethoxylated products OP-7 and OP-10, DB wetting agent, OS-20 — retain high activity in various media (ibid., P. 75, volume 4).

 Emulsifiers, for example soaps, surfactants OP-7 and OP-10 (for emulsions). The wettability and spreadability of the liquid is improved by introducing various wetting agents and spreading agents into it, which also increase the adhesion and retention on the treated surfaces (ibid., P. 478, volume 4).

 A disadvantage of the known mineral oil emulsion (preparation N30) is the following: it is forbidden to use the emulsion in the sanitary zone around fishery reservoirs at a distance of 500 meters from the flood border, but no closer than 2 km from existing shores, partial destruction of eggs of plant pests; does not have fungicidal properties.

 The invention is expressed in an oil-mineral emulsion comprising mineral oil, surfactant, emulsifier, water, according to the invention contains licorice root extract as a surfactant, and as a water contains activated positively charged water with a pH of 8.2 at the following ratio of components, wt. %: mineral oil - 60-65; licorice root extract - 6-10; emulsifier OP-10 - 6-10; activated water - the rest. The technical result achieved is in a causal relationship with the essence of the invention and consists in increasing the effectiveness of the emulsion on plant pests, giving it fungicidal properties and expanding the spectrum of action.

 The invention will be understood from the following description of the invention.

 The technological process for producing a mineral oil emulsion (MME) is a process of mixing all the components in order to obtain an emulsion of a uniform consistency based on dispersion conditions. This mixing can be carried out on equipment, which is a metal tank with a volume of about 600 liters with an internal mixer. The cycle (circulation) of the mixture is carried out using two pumps of the NSh-50 type with a capacity of 50 liters per minute each. For these purposes, a device with hydrodynamic emitters inside the tank can also be used, which rise and fall, forming intensive changing jet-cavitation fields, leading to intensification of the process of dispersion of emulsion components (Auth. St. N1550713, class C. B 06 V 1 / 20 "Acoustic chamber"). In this chamber, a pressure of 0.1-0.7 MPa is created on the circulation of the mixture.

 Mineral industrial oil of the I-40 brand is loaded into the tank (for the production of MME for the purpose of using an emulsion in the summer, mineral oils of the transformer type, petroleum jelly, which do not cause burns of green parts of plants, are used (p. 1131, volume 3, "Agricultural Encyclopedia" , M, 1975, ed. Soviet Encyclopedia, 4th ed.). A mass of oil is taken 60%, based on the prototype - 76% concentrated mineral oil emulsion. At the same temperature, surfactant licorice root extract 10% is introduced, emulsifier OP-10 (it is also a wetting agent and represents chemical substance “oxyethylanilanilanophenol”) - 6%, the rest is positively activated water with a pH of 8.2 (so-called “living” water with alkaline properties or “catholyte”). The total mass of the emulsion is 500 kg. The pump runs for 20 minutes, followed by sludge to remove excess air.On the circulation of the pumps creates a pressure of up to 0.8 MPa, the pump drive by an electric motor - at least 10 kW.

 Rhizomes and roots of a wild plant licorice (Glicyrrhiza) contain up to 23% glycyrrhizin, glucose, sucrose, gum and other complex substances. It is of the greatest value for the production of emulsions (MME) due to the presence in it of a large percentage of high molecular weight surfactants, namely glycyrrhizin-saponin-like substance, which is a potassium and calcium salt of tribasic glycyrrhizic acid. Licorice root extract is prepared by extraction with hot water in diffusers. Then the hood is evaporated by boiling up to 20-25% of solids. The moisture content of the thick extract is 35%, the ash content is up to 9%, the glycyrrhizin content is up to 18%.

 The crystalline powder is prepared from the same extracted extract only by evaporation in a vacuum apparatus and dried in gas or electric dryers. The moisture content of the powder is up to 10%, the glycyrrhizin content is up to 25%.

Исследованиями установлено, что глюкуроновая кислота способна связать многие токсические вещества, например, в организме человека, и что именно две молекулы глюкуроновой кислоты, соединенные вместе, как это имеет место в глицирризиновой кислоте, действуют более энергично. Известно, что адсорбционные слои высокомолекулярных поверхностно-активных веществ (экстракт солодкового корня), снимая поверхностное натяжение на границе раздела частица-среда, связывают часть дисперсионной среды и образуют вокруг частицы защитную гидратную оболочку. Глицирритиновая и глюкуроновая кислоты, обладая высокой адсорбционной способностью, присоединяют частицы масла, а также молекулы воздуха к освободившимся радикалам глицирризиновых кислот. Таким образом, в полученной концентрированной эмульсии (КММЭ) все частицы дисперсионной среды находятся в физико-химической связи и устойчивом состоянии, что положительно сказывается при использовании эмульсии на плодово-ягодных растениях. Использование активированной воды с pН 8,2 увеличивает смачиваемость обрабатываемых растений эмульсией, а также попадание ее на тело насекомого-вредителя, их яйца разрушает защитную оболочку, нарушает газообмен и водный баланс организма, выделяемые молекулы воздуха из нанесенной пленки эмульсии за счет образуемых пузырьков увеличивают поверхность пленки на обработанной поверхности. Освободившиеся при этом радикалы глицирризиновых кислот вступают в химическую связь с возбудителями парши, монилиоза, пятнистости листьев, американской мучнистой росы и других, проявляя тем самым фунгицидные свойства эмульсии.Before introducing licorice root extract into the tank with mineral oil, it is mixed with an equal amount with activated (slightly alkaline) water (tap water has a pH of 7.5; a slightly alkaline series of pH from 8 to 10). The rest of the activated water is introduced immediately into the oil tank. When the extract is mixed, acid hydrolysis of the glycyrrhizin-saponin-like substance takes place and a relatively easy break of the chemical bonds of glycyrrhizic acid occurs with the formation of one molecule of glycyrrhitic acid and two molecules of glucuronic acid and the appearance of free valence radicals. The following is the formula of glycyrrhizic acid

Studies have shown that glucuronic acid is able to bind many toxic substances, for example, in the human body, and that it is the two molecules of glucuronic acid, connected together, as is the case in glycyrrhizic acid, that act more vigorously. It is known that the adsorption layers of high molecular weight surfactants (licorice root extract), removing surface tension at the particle-medium interface, bind a part of the dispersion medium and form a protective hydration shell around the particle. Glycyrrithic and glucuronic acids, possessing high adsorption ability, attach oil particles, as well as air molecules to the released radicals of glycyrrhizic acids. Thus, in the obtained concentrated emulsion (CMME), all particles of the dispersion medium are in a physicochemical bond and a stable state, which positively affects the use of emulsion on fruit and berry plants. The use of activated water with pH 8.2 increases the wettability of the treated plants by the emulsion, as well as its contact with the body of the insect pest, their eggs destroy the protective shell, disrupt gas exchange and the water balance of the body, the air molecules released from the applied emulsion film due to the formed bubbles increase the surface films on the treated surface. The glycyrrhizic acid radicals liberated in this process enter into chemical bonds with the causative agents of scab, moniliosis, leaf spot, powdery mildew and others, thereby exhibiting the fungicidal properties of the emulsion.

 The fraction of electrochemically activated water used to obtain the oil-in-oil emulsion is obtained in plants of known design, including a container in the middle of which a semi-permeable partition is mounted (for example, from filtered chlorine fabric). Carbon electrodes are installed on both sides of the partition, connected to a direct current source from the rectifier after the tank is filled with tap water (see Railway Engineering and Science 1981, N12, p.13, UEV-4 serial installation, p. 11 - “Persistent Foam at Work,” 3rd column; also 5, 1985, pp. 43-44 “Around“ living “water”).

 Example 1. Industrial oil 60%, licorice root extract 10%, emulsifier OP-10 6%, activated water - the rest. Death on treated surfaces: a) 99.5% fungi; b) eggs of pests 99.8%; c) the gas release time with the formation of bubbles in the emulsion film is 20 hours.

 Example 2. Industrial oil 65%, licorice root extract 6%, emulsifier OP-10 10%, activated water - the rest. Death on treated surfaces: a) 95% fungi; b) eggs of pests 99.5%; c) the gas release time with the formation of bubbles in the emulsion film is 12 hours.

 Example 3. Industrial oil 62.5%, licorice root extract 7%; emulsifier OP-10 6.5%, activated water - the rest. Death on treated surfaces: a) 99% fungi; b) eggs of pests 99.8%; c) the gas release time with the formation of bubbles in the emulsion film is 16 hours.

 The present invention improves the effectiveness of the control of plant pests such as scabies, acacia pseudoscutum, to destroy the eggs of ticks, aphids, tartars, leafworms, moths, and also to be used as a fungicide to combat the wintering stages of berry crop anthracosis, American gooseberry powdery mildew, as well as scab apple and other diseases, expand the spectrum of action on crops such as strawberries, grapes. The time of complete biological decomposition by microorganisms and bacteria of a solution of mineral oil emulsion is reduced to 8-10 days.

Claims (1)

Mineral-oil emulsion for controlling plant pests, including mineral oil, a surfactant and water, characterized in that it contains licorice root extract as a surfactant and contains positively charged activated water with a pH of 8.2 as water moreover, the emulsion further comprises an emulsifier OP-10 in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
Mineral oil - 60-65
Licorice Root Extract - 6-10
Emulsifier OP-10 - 6-10
Activated Positive Charged Water - Else