US1805331A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

y 1931; c. L. FETTERLY ET AL 1,805,331

LO OM Filed Aug. 1, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 12, 1931. c. FETTERLY ET AL 1,805,331

LOOM

Filed Aug. 1, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 1931- c. L. FETTERLY ET AL ,805,331

LOOM

Filed Aug. 1, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 y 1931- c. L. FETTERLY ET AL 1,805,331

LO OM Filed Aug. 1, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 12, 1931. c. FETTERLY ET AL LOOM , 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 1

May 12, 1931. c. FETTERLY ET AL 1,805,331

LOOM

Filed Aug. 1, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 V w r -w lfatented May 12, 11931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES L. FE'ITECRLY, OF NEW BRUNSWICK, AND WILLIAM E. SMITH, OF MILLTOWN,

NEW JERSEY,

ASSIGNORS TO GULBENKIAN SEAMLESS RUG COMPANY, OF NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY LOOM Application filed August 1, 1930. Serial No. 472,374.

This invention relates to pile carpets and rugs of the Wilton type, and to a method and apparatus for weaving the same.

The pile fabric with which this application is concerned is so constructed that the design depicted on the pile face may be duplicated on the back of the fabric giving an oriental effect; or the pile face may depict one pattern while an entirely different pattern may be depicted on the back, or a predetermined pattern may be depicted on the pile face while a plain back having one solid color, or a two-tone block and border pattern ma be provided on the back, as desired.

Sue object of this invention is to provide a new fabric construction which makes it possible to produce the oriental, or other back effects above noted.

Another object of the invention is to pro- 7 Vide a new and novel method of weaving by which the above duplication or variations between the face and back of the fabric are made possible. I

And the principal object of the invention is to provide a special arrangement of operating means for the jacquard mechanism of the loom, on which the fabric is made, which will carry out the improved process in a manner to produce'the new fabric.

The construction of the fabric, the method of weaving, and the construction and operation of the improved mechanism will be fully disclosed hereinafter, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 is an end elevation, partly in section, of the improved jacquard operating mechanism made in accordance with the principles of the invention;

Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive are diagrammatic sectional elevations, showing the various positions of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 1, during various steps in the weaving operation;

Figs. 6 to 11 inclusive are diagrammatic sections of the fabric, illustrating various steps in the weaving operation;

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a portion of the completed fabric having the same design on the back as is depicted on the 5 pile face of the fabric;

Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12, but showing different designs on the opposite faces 0 the fabric; and

Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 12, but showing a patterned pile face and a plain black fabric.

Referring to Fig. '12, the finished fabric A has a cut pile face A on which is depicted any desired pattern within the scope of this general type of fabric. The back face A of the fabric depicts the same pattern, in uncut loops, as appears on the cut pile face A.

Weftwise of the fabric the warp is divided into a plurality of sections, each warp section being composed of a plurality of pattern threads, in the present instance five in number, namely a, b, 0, d and 6. Each warp section also includes one or more stuffer warps Intermediate, and separating, each adjacently disposed pair of warp sections is a pair of binder or chain warps g and h respectively.

The fabric also comprises weft threads which are divided into groups of three, adj a cent groups being separated by the crossings of the binder warps g and it. 'As shown in the drawings each group of weft threads con sists of a top weft 2', which is disposed above the pattern threads a@ of the whole number of warp sections; an intermediate weft j which is disposed between the underside of the pattern threads a-e and the upper side of the stufi'er warps f; and a bottom weft k which is disposed under the lower side of the stuifers f.

The binder warps g, h, as shown in the drawing, pass alternately. over one of the upper wefts z' of one group and under the lower weft 7c of the next adjacent group.

The selected pattern warps of the groups a-e, in forming a design on the pile face and a duplicate thereof on the back face of the fabric, pass, as viewed in Figs. 6 to 12 inclusive, first over the top of the intermediate weft j of one group of weft threads, then downwardly between the lower weft k of that group and the lower weft 7c of the next adjacent group, thence around the bottom of the last mentioned lower weft k to form design loops w -e on the back face of the fabric. These selected pattern threads then pass upwardly, clear through the entire war section and protrude above the top of t e warp between the top weft i of the first mentioned group of weft threads and the top weft i of the next adjacent or last mentioned grou of weft threads, in the form of a cut pil e tuft ae If the selected pattern warp is not called for the next pile tuft, the thread passes around the underside of the top weft'i of the last mentioned group of weft threads and reassumes its normal place with the unselected attern threads, running warpwise of the fabric between the top wefts 2' and the intermediate wefts j but if the same pattern warp is called two or more times in succession it passes down again through the entire warp section and around the next lower weft I: to form another pattern loop on the back face of the fabric to correspond to the pile tuft on the pileface of the fabric.

The purpose of placing the intermediate wefts j between the pattern warps ae and the stufi'er warps f, is to keep the unselected pattern threads from showing on the back ace of the fabric where they would otherwise appear to some extent and thereby spoil the pattern effect on the back face of the fabric.

By making the stufi'er warps and binder warps of a color corresponding or blending with the redominating color in the background of the pattern, the design effect on the back face of the fabric is greatly improved, as it makes the design stand out distinctively on the back face in the same manner as the pattern stands out on the pile face of the fabric.

The pattern threads are controlled, during the formation of the designs, as the fabric is being woven, by the usual elements necessary for weaving, but which for the purpose of clarity have, to some extent been eliminated, from the drawings, only those parts being shown which bear directiy on the control of the threads in forming the fabric above described.

In Fi 1 of the drawings, the lower frame of the 00m is shown at 1, and the upper frame or superstructure is shown, in part, at 2. On the superstructure 2 is located the usual form of t lacquard mechanism 3, which has been modi ed in a manner to cooperate with other mechanism, hereinafter described, to control the pattern threads in the manner described.

The jacquard mechanism comprises the usual end frames 4 in which is vertically sliditbly mounted an upper grid 5 and a lower gm 6.

The jacquard mechanism 3 also comprises the usual series of wires 7, see Figs. 2 to 5, which for the purpose of illustration there has been but five shown, i. e. one for each of the pattern threads of each warp section.

*Each jacquard wire 7 has the usual u per hook 8 that is adapted to be engaged y a bar-9 of the upper grid 5 under certain conditions, hereinafter described. Each j acquard wire 7 also comprises a lower hook 10 adapted under normal conditions to rest on a rib or bar 11 of the lower grid 6.

The jacquard wires 7, 7 are controlled by needies 12, 12 respectively, and these needles are controlled by a string of jacquard cards 13, which pass around the card cylinder 14, which is reciprocated bodily back and forth with respect to the ends 15 of the needles 12, as is well known in the art of weaving, to prevent the suitably punched cards of the string 13 successively to the said operating ends 15 of the needles 12.

The card cylinder 14 is mounted for intermitt-ent rotation, in the usual manner, in bearings 16 carried on the ends of axially movable rods 17 slidably mounted in bearings 18 on the frame 4 of the jacquard mechanism 3, and the usual hooks 19 are provided for turning the cylinder one step at a time for each reciprocation of the cylinder toward and away from the needles 12.

The cylinder is reciprocated by operating rods 20 connected at one end to the bearing heads 16 on the cylinder-supporting rods 17, the opposite ends of the operating rods 20 being connected to the outer ends of levers 21. The levers 21 are fixed on a rock shaft 22 rotatably mounted in frames 23 supported by the superstructure 2 of the loom.

On the cylinder rock shaft 22 is a lever 24, the outer end of which is operatively connected to one end of a connecting link 25, the opposite end of the link 25 being connected to one end 26 of a lever 27. The lever 27 is pivoted at 28 to the loom frame 1, and on the opposite end 29 of the lever 27 is rotatably mounted a cam roller 30 which rides the periphery of a cam 31.

The cam 31 is rigidly secured to a cam shaft 32 which is rotatably mounted in the lower frame 1 of the loom, the shaft 32 being rotated by a motor 33, or other suitable source of power, through a train of gears or other suitable power-transmitting mechanism including a clutch 34.

The grids 5 and 6 of the Wilton jacquard mechanism, when weaving ordinary Wilton fabric, are coupled together and operate in unison at all tiir. as, the coupling mechanism providing for a differential rise and fall between the two grids, but in all cases when the one grid is raised the other grid is also raised, but to a somewhat different extent, the point being that both grids rise and fall at the same time, and under the control of a single operating cam.

1n carrying out the improved process the grids 5 and 6 are operable independently of each other, that is, at certain times throughver 37. The levers 37, 3?, one of which only is shown, are secured to a rock shaft 38 which is rotatably mounted in the frame 23, one of said levers having an arm 39 to which is connected one end of a connecting link 40, the opposite end of the link 40 being operatively connected to a lever 41 which is pivoted at 42 to the frame 1. Intermediate its ends the lever 41 is provided with a cam follower, in the present instance comprising a roller 43, which is adapted to ride the periphery of a cam 44 rigidly secured to the cam shaft 32.

The lower grid 6 is operatively connected at each of its ends, by an ad'ustable link 45, to one end 46 of a lever 47. he levers 47,47, one of which only is shown, are rigidly secured to a rock shaft 48 which is rotatably mounted in the frame 23. One of the levers 47 is provided with an arm 49, to the outer end of which is operatively connected one end of a link or connecting rod 50, the opposite end of said connecting rod being operatively connected to the outer end of a lever 51 which, like the lever 41, is pivotally mounted on the frame 1 at 42. Intermediate its ends the lever 51 is provided with a cam follower in the form of a roller 53 which is adapted to ride the periphery of a cam 54 secured to the cam shaft 32.

In the weaving of ordinary Wilton fabrics the card cylinder moves toward the ends 15 of the needles 12 of the jacquard mechanism but once in any one single cycle of the weaving operation and each card in the string is adapted to select certain pattern threads to be raised in a manner to form the pile face of the fabric and to produce the design theredn, each card in such case being a face card.

In the weaving of the improved fabric above described, the card cylinder 14 is moved toward and into engagement with the ends 15 of the needles 12 twice during any one complete cycle of the weaving operation of the loom, and, in the string of cards 13, alternate cards select the pattern threads to be raised for the formation of the pile face of 1 the fabric, and the intermediate cards select the pattern threads that are to be carried to the back face of the fabric, to either duplicate. the design formed on the pile face or to form a different design on the back face from that which is formed on the pile face. In the drawings, the pile face cards are shown at 00, while the back cards are illustrated at the back cards 00 alternating with the face cards 00 in the string of cards.

The improved process and the operation of the mechanism by which the process is carried out Will be clearly understood from the following description, upon referring to the various figures of the drawing, Fig. 6 of which illustrates the beginning of one cycle of the weaving operation, to form the first line of pile tufts across the fabric after a suitable heading A has been produced. In this figure the pattern-forming threads a-e, the stuffer warps f and the binder warps h are shown in a normal low position, while the binder warps g are shown in the raised position, one group of weft threads 2', y' and is having been beat up at the fell of the fabric by the reed 55 of the loom.

Upon referring to Fig. 2 of the drawing, which corresponds to Fig. 6, it will be observed that the card cylinder 14 has been moved into engagement with the operating ends 15 of the needles 12, by the cam follower 30 riding the first high portion 31a of the cylinder-operating cam 31. The cylinder 14 has presented one of the back cards :0 to the needles, and as this back card has a blank space in alignment With the needle 120, the wire 7 0 which is controlled by the needle 120 and which is operatively connected by the usual harness and heddles to the pattern thread 0, is moved laterally, moving the hook 8 of the wire from above the bar 9 of the upper grid 5. The upper grid 5 at this time is in its low position, due to its cam follower 43 riding a low point 44a of the upper grid cam 44.

The lower grid 6 at this time is in its normal low position, due to its cam follower 53 riding a normally low portion 54a of the lower grid cam 54, and the lower hooks 10 of the wires 7 are normally resting on the ribs or bars 11 of the lower grid 6.

Rotation of the cam shaft 32 in the direction of the arrow shown in Figs. 2 and 3 causes the cylinder cam follower 30 to ride a low part 31?) of the cylinder-operating cam 31, which moves the card cylinder 14 away from the needles 12, at which time the cylinder-turning latch 19 rotates the card cylinder 14 one step, to move the back card 00 out of alignment with the needles 12 and moving a face card m into alignment with the needles 12 for subsequent co-operation therewith. During this time the upper grid cam follower 43 has been engaged by and has ridden up onto a high part 441) of the upper grid cam 44, while the cam follower 53 of the lower grid has been riding a substantially concentric segmental portion 54b of the lower grid cam 54, which has held the selected pattern thread 0 (see Fig. 7 in its normal 10w position, while the other unselected pattern thread a, b, d and e have been raised to the high position by the raising of the upper grid 5 in the manner above noted.

During this operation the heddle frames and 57 which respectively control the binder warps g and it have changed positions, to lower the binder warp g and to raise the binder warp h. The stufi'er warp f at this time has been raised with the unselected pattern threads a, 5, 0i and e, by the heddle frame 58 which controls the said stuffer warps f.

The shuttle mechanism of the loom then operates, in the usual manner, to insert the first shot or weft is in the open shed composed, on the top, of the pattern threads a, 5, d and e, the stuffer warps and the binder warps it, and composed, on the bottom, of the binder warp g and the selected pattern thread a, as shown in Fig. 7. The reed then beats this first weft it into the position illustrated in Fig. 8, at the fell of the fabric.

Prior to the inserting of the first weft 7c the selected warps c are positively separated from the pattern warps 0:, Z), (Z and e and the stuifer warps f by a sudden movement downwardly to a sub'normal position while the said unselected pattern and stuifer warps are being raised. This sudden downward movement of the selected pattern warps is effected by the cam follower 53 riding a sudden decline in the periphery of the lower grid cam 54 from the concentric portion 51?) thereof (see Fig. 3) to the lowermost portion 540 of the said cam.

When the lower weft 7c is inserted the cam shaft 32 has rotated to such an extent that the lower grid cam follower 53 has moved into the low point 540 of the cam 54. Continued rotation of the cam shaft 32 causes the lower grid cam follower 53 to ride out of the low spot 540 as illustrated in Fig. 4 onto an inclined portion 54d of the lower grid cam 54 while the cam follower 43 of the upper grid has ridden into a low spot 44d of the upper grid cam 44, thus the pattern threads (1, b, c, d and e have been returned to a substantially common level intermediate the normal low and high positions above noted.

The cam follower 30 of the cylinder-open ating mechanism during this time rides onto a second high portion 31b of the cylinderoperating cam 31 and moves the said cylinder 14 toward the ends 15 of the needles 12, for a second time in the weaving cycle, the cylinder 14 carrying a face card a: into engagement with the ends 15 of the needles. This face card w is provided with an open ing into which the needle 120 extends while blank spaces are presented to the ends 15 of the needles 12a, 12b, 12d and 12a. This change of relation, between the previously presented back card 90 and the face card a: now presented, causes the hoolr8 of the wire to assume a position over the corresponding bar 9 of the upper grid 5 while the hooks 8 of the wire 7a, 7 5, 7d and 7e are moved laterally out of the path of their co-operating bars 9 of the upper grid 5 with which they had been previously engaged and by which they had been previously raised.

In this manner the change is made from theprevious selection for the back loops on the back face A of the fabric to a selection for the pile loops to be formed on the'pile face A of the fabric.

As above described, in forming the oriental effect, i. e. a fabric having the same design on the back as appears on the face thereof, the openings and blank spaces in the back and face cards at and m are so arranged that the pattern thread first selected for forming design loop on the back A of the fabric again selected for the corresponding pile loop to be formed on the pile face A of the fabric.

It will here be noted that if the reversible fabric above referred to, i. e. a fabric having a different design on the face from that formed on the back of the fabric, the pattern thread selected by the back card will be returned to its normal position among the other unselected pattern threads in the body of the fabric, and a different pattern thread will be selected by the face card :0 to form. the corresponding pile loop on the face of the fabric. This same condition is carried out when a fabric is being produced having a pile face on which a predetermined design is depicted and a back face whichhas no design thereon, such back face being either plain throughout or having a plain monocolored center and a border of a different color or shade.

The operations attending the formation of the oriental effect will now be continued. After the face card a: has made the selection in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4 while the various threads are in the positions shown in Fig. 8 the cam shaft 32 continues to rotate and the cam follower 43 of the upper grid 5 rides onto a high portion 44a of the upper grid cam 4 1, raising the upper grid 5 to an abnormally high position, which, through the wire 70, raises the selected pat-tern thread a to the abnormally high position shown in Fig. 9, the cam follower 53 of the lower grid 6 riding onto a high portion 546 of the lower grid cam 54, which maintains the unselected pattern threads a, b, d and e in substantially the same common, intermediate or changing position as these threads occupy, in Fig. 8, at the time the change of selection was made. The heddle frame 58, however, which controls the suffer warps f, has dropped and thereby lowered the stuflt'er warps f to a low position adjacent that occupied by the lowered binder warp g, the other binder warp it being moved to and maintaining a position substantially in the intermediate position of the unselected warps a, b, d and e, and together with the said unselected pattern warps a, b, d and e forming the upper side of an open shed, of which the lower side is formed by the stuffer warps f and binders g.

With the threads in this position, as illustrated in Fig. 9, a pile wire 60 is inserted between the raised selected pattern thread 0 and the unselected pattern threads at, b, d

5 and e and upper binder h.

At substantially the same time as the pile wire 60 is being inserted the second shot or weft is inserted over the stuflt'ers f and binders g and under the pattern threads 41, b, d, e and binder h.

During this time the cam follower 30 of the cylinder-operating mechanism has ridden onto a low part 310 of the cylinder cam 31, moving the card cylinder 14 away from the needles 12 at which time the latch 19 rotates the cylinder 14in a manner to bring the next back card m into alignment with the needles 12 for the beginning of the next cycle of operations of the loom.

After the pile wire 60 and second weft 7' have been beat up at the fell of the fabric by the reed 55 of the loom, into the position shown in Fig. 10, the cam shaft 32 ff its continuous rotation again brings the ag ts 44a and 54a of the cams 44 and 54 respectively into line with the cam followers 43 and 53 of the upper and lower grids 5 and 6 respectively, whereby the said grids are operated in a manner to return all the pattern threads a, b, c, d and e to the above mentioned normal low position.

During this time the binders 9 have remained in the low position while the binders 71. have been lowered into the position shown in Fig. 9 to permit the insertion of the pile wire 60. The binder warps h are then raised to the high position shown in Fig. 10 to form the upper side of an open shed, the bottom side of which is formed by the pattern threads ae, the stufier warps f, and the other binders g. Into this last mentioned open shed the third shot or weft i is then inserted, this weft being beat up into the fell from the position shown in Fig. 10 to the position shown in 45 Fig. 11, after which the binders g and 7 change position for the start of a new cycle of weaving operations, Fig. 11 showing the new cycle having progressed to the point where a different pattern thread d has been selected and the first shot I: of the next group of wefts has been inserted in the manner above described, the previously selected pattern threads 0 having been returned to a position in the body of the fabric with the other unselected pattern threads at this stage of the weaving.

Fig. 12 illustrates the weaving of the fabric having advanced to the stage where several of the inserted pile wires have been withdrawn and have thereby cut the pile loops formed thereover, in the usual manner, to form the pile tuft on the upper pile face A of the fabric. This figure also illustrates the selection of the same pattern threads in form- 5 ing successive tufts onthe pile face A of the fabric and corresponding successive pattern loops on the back A of the fabric.

Fig. 13 illustrates the reversible fabric, above referred to, wherein one pattern is formed by groups B, C and D of pattern threads selected for predetermined positions in the design on the pile face of the fabric while the corresponding positions on the back face of the fabric are occupied by different groups B 0 and D of the pattern threads, producing a different design on the back face from that appearing on the front or pile face of the fabric. Fig. 14 illustrates a fabric wherein a desi of any predetermined character is formed groups E, F and G of the piletufts while selected pattern threads have been formed into design loops on the back of the fabric.

From the above, it will be obvious that by inserting the second shot or welt 7' above the stufi'ers and below the bulk of the pattern threads none of the pattern threads, but those selected for forming the design loops on the back of the fabric, will appear in any way on the back face of the fabric, and by providing stufi'er and binder warps of a color corresponding or blending with the predominating color in the background of the design the design is made to stand out prominently against such background, giving the desirable oriental eifect on the back of the fabric. Obviously, it is within the scope of the invention to make the selection for, and to produce, the pile tufts on the pile face of the fabric first, and subsequently make the selection of the pattern warps for forming the corresponding design loops on the back of the fabric, which is the opposite to the sequence of operations above described.

We claim:

1. The described method of weaving which involves the use of independently operable grids in the jacquard mechanism of a loom, for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven, to bring desired pattern warps to corresponding positions on the opposite faces of the fabric respectively, and the use of alternately disposed back and face cards in a single string of jacquard cards for successively selecting the pattern warps to be controlled by the respective grids.

2. The described method of weaving which involves they use of independently operable grids in the jacquard mechanism of a loom,

for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven, to bring desired pattern' warps to corresponding ositions on the op-" posite faces of the fabric respectively, the

use of alternately disposed back and face cards in single string of jacquard cards for successively selecting the pattern warps to be controlled by the respective grids, the use of independent cams for respectively operating the independently operable grids, and the actuating of the card cylinder twice in each weaving cycle to cause the alternating back and face cards to make their respective selections successively in the course of said weaving cycle. i

3. The described method of weaving which involves the use of independently operable grids in the jacquard mechanism of a loom,

for cont-rolling the pattern warps of the fab operation thereof to one face of the fabric in predetermined positions thereon, subse; quently actuating the grids to brin all the pattern warps again to a common tuatingthe card cylinder a second time to I cause the second card to make its selection of the pattern warps to be controlled by the other of said grids to bring the second selection of pattern warps to'the opposite face of the fabric upon a subsequent actuation of the grid, and finally actuating the said grids again to bring all the pattern warps to the first said common level for a repeat of the cycle.

4. The described method of weaving which involves theiu'se of independently operable grids in the jacquard mechanism of a loom, ,for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven, to bring desired pattern warps to corresponding positions on the 0puse of alternately disposed back and face cards in a single string of acquard cards for successively selecting the pattern warps to be controlled by the respective grids, actuating the grids to bring all the pattern warps to a substantially common level, actuating the card cylinder to cause one of the said cards to make a selection of pattern warps to be carried by one of the grids to one face of the fabric in predetermined positions thereon, actuating the other of said grids to move the unselected pattern warps to a position to form an open shed with the selected pattern l evel, ac-r warps controlled by the first said grid, inserting a weft wise extending instrumentality in the open shed between the selected and un selected warps to form the selected warps into loops over the said instrumentality on the oneface of the fabric, actuating the grids to return all the pattern warps a second time to a substantially common level, actuating the card cylinder a second time to cause the other of said cards to make a selection of the warp threads to be carried to the opposite face of the fabricin positions corresponding to the positions of the pattern warps of the first selection, actuating the grids to produce an open shed between the secondly selected pattern, warps and the then unselected pattern warps, inserting a weft wise extending instrumentality in the last said open shed, and finally actuating the grids to return all the pattern warps to the first said common level for a repeat of the cycle and'to form the last said selected pattern warps into loops around the last inserted instrumentality.

5. In a loom of the character described, the combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into corresponding predetermined positions on oppositef faces of the fabric, a'plurality of warpactuating elements co-operatively associated with the grids and operatively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector needles respectively associated with said warp-v actuating elements, pattern cards adapted to actuate said selector needles to effect selective engagement between the warp-actuating elements and the grids, means for independently operating said grids to actuate the pattern threads controlled respectively thereby into the said predetermined positions in the fabric, and means for moving one of said grids suddenly away from the other of said grids to dfinitelyseparate the pattern warps being controlled by said grids.

6. In a loom of the character described, the combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into corre- 7 sponding predetermined positions on oppoposite faces of the fabric respectively, and the site faces of the fabric, a plurality of warpactuating elements co operatively associated with the grids and operatively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector needles respectively associated with said warpaetuating elements, pattern cards adapted to actuate said selector needles to effect selective engagement between the warp-actuating elements and the grids, and independent cams adapted to actuate the independent grids respectively for actuating the pattern warps controlled by the grids into their said predetermined positions, the grid actuating pathway of one ofsaid cams having a sharply defined variation adapted to produce a sudden movement of the grid controlled thereby relative to the. other of said grids, to effect definite separation of the pattern warps controlled by the respective grids.

7. I11 a loom of the character described. the

. combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into corresponding predetermined positions on opposite faces of the fabric. a plurality of warpactuating elements co-operatively associated with the grids and operatively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector needles respectively associated with said warp-actuating elements. a string of pattern -ards comprising face cards alternating with back cards for successively co-operating with the selector needles to select respectively the warp-actuating elements to be controlled by the respective grids. and means for independently actuating the grids.

8. In a'loom of the character described, the combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into eorresponding predetermined positions on opposite faces of the fabric. a plurality of warp-actuating elements cooperatively associated with the grids and operatively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector needles respectively associated with said warp-actuating elements, a string of pattern cards comprising face cards alternating with back cards for successively co-operating with the selector needles to select respectively the warp-actuating elements to be controlled by the respective grids, a card cylinder for supporting the string of cards, means for independently actuating the independent grids throughout a single weaving cycle, and means for actuating the card cylinder twice Within said cycle to effect engagement of a pair of said cards with the selector needles during the said cycle.

9. In a loom of the character described, the combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into corresponding predetermined positions on opposite faces of the fabric, a plurality of warp-actuating elements co-operatively associated with the grids and opcratively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector needles respectively associated with said Warp-actuating elements, a string of pattern cards comprising face cards alternatin; with back cards for successively co-operating with the selector needles to select respectively the warp-actuating elements to be controlled by the respective grids, a card cylinder for supporting the string of cards,

a cam shaft, a pair of independent cams on said cam shaft for independently actuating said grids, and a cam on said cam shaft for actuating said card cylinder into engagement with the selector needles, the last said 'am being so plotted as to effect two successive engagements of the card cylinder for each revolution of the cam shaft.

10. In a loom of the character described, the combination of a plurality of independent grids for controlling the pattern warps of the fabric being woven on said loom, to bring predetermined pattern warps into corresponding predetermined positions on opposite faces of the fabric, a plurality of warpactuating elements co-operatively associated with the grids and operatively connected to the pattern warps respectively, selector n'ecdles respectively associated with said warp-actuating elements, a string of pattern cards comprising face cards alternating with back cards for successively co-operating with the selector needles to select respectively the warpactuating elements to be controlled by the respective grids, a card cylinder for supporting the string of cards. a cam shaft, 21 pair of independent cams on said cam shaft for independently actuating said grids, a cam on said cam shaft for actuating said card cylinder into engagement with the selector needles, the last said cam being so plotted as to effect two successive engagements of the card cylinder for each revolution of the cam shaft, and means for effecting partial rotation'of the said cylinder for each actuation thereof, to bring a back card and a face card successively into engagement with the selector needles.

CHARLES L. FETTERLY. VILLIAM E. SMITH.

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