US2295696A - Jacquard loom - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 15, 1942 H. STOEHR JACQUARD LQOM Filed July 27, 1939 2 Sheets-Shgetl g INVENTOR:

films Sioehr A TTORNE Y Sept, 15, 1942. H. STOEHR z fig JAc uAxga LOOM Filed July 27, 1939 2 sheets sheei 2 IN V EN TOR:

ans Sloehr M WM TORNEY Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE J ACQUARD LOOM Hans Stoehr, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application July 2'7, 1939, Serial No. 286,823

11 Claims.

The object of the invention is to provide improvements in Jacquard looms broadly, and more especially in so-called rise and fall machines.

Another object is to provide a machine of this type, which overcomes the deficiencies of the present machines of this type having a stationary knife, and to provide for the weaving of double pile fabrics, suclr as plushes, velvets, friezes, moquettes, rugs, carpets and the like, in such manner that the top and bottom pieces have the same weight and construction, while the unused warp pile threads are woven equally in both the said top and bottom pieces, so that there is no floating of these unused warp pile threads on the bottom piece.

Heretofore, a machine of this type has the disadvantage of operating at no greater than a mere one-half of its possible capacity, which in other words means that an ordinary 600 hook machine controls only 300 warp pile threads, since for the operation of each such pile thread each pair of needles requires apair of hooks, whereas in the improved construction and operation, each hook and needle controls one pile thread and consequently a 600 hook machine controls 600 warp pile threads, so that the increased possibilities to weave larger patterns, as well as the capacity of the new machine, are considerably greater than those of any other jacquard machine known to date, adapted for the type ofweaving herein referred to.

A further object, therefore, comprises the fact that existing machines, either with or without a stationary knife, can be converted to do the same work as machines of the newtype, by separating from the crank the shafts that move the levers of the griff or knife grate and the hook grate, and instead of said crank using a cam for the griff lever and a second cam for the hook grate lever, while at the same time eliminating the stationary knives and adding them to the movable griif or knife frame. This alteration increases the efiiciency of the former type of jacquard machine with a stationary knife by no less than one hundred percent, and in addition thereto both the said altered and new machines con be used on a single or double shuttle loom, to accomplish the many advantages hereinafter set forth.

With the objects thus briefly stated, the invention comprises further details of construction and operation, which are fully brought out in the following specification, when read in conjunction with the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents the middle position of the odd and even griff or knife grates and the upper position of the bottom hook grate after the prism presses the card upon the needles so as to operatively position the hooks with respect to the knives; Fig. 2 shows the odd and even grifis or knife grates after having ascended into their upper positions, following which the shuttle passes through the resulting shed; Fig. 3 shows the same assembly after the even grifis or knife grates have returned to middle position and the odd grifi or knife grate has descended to lower position, while the bottom hook grate has also descended to a lower position from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and through the newly formed shed, resulting from this arrangement of the elements involved, the next shuttle passes; Fig. 4 represents the same arrangement as in Fig. l, with the exception that a second need-1e has passed through the card; Fig. 5 shows the assembly in which the same needle as in Fig. 4 has passed through the card, but with both sets of odd and even knives in upper position; Fig. 6 shows the even knives having returned to middle position, while the odd knives have descended to lower position, and the bottom hook grate having also descended to its lower position, while the same needle as in Figs. 4 and 5 extends through the card; Fig. 7 shows the cam employed to operate the odd knives; Fig. 8 shows the cam employed to operate the even knives; Fig. 9 shows a cam employed to operate the bottom hook grate; Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive comprise diagrammatic views, similar to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, but illustrating the arrangement of an old rise and fall machine equipped with the present improvement; Fig. 10 shows the knives and hook grate in middle position when the card is pressed upon the first and third needle; Fig. l1 shows the first and third hook raised by the knives which have ascended to upper position, while the bottom hook grate remains in middle position and the shed is formed for passing of the shuttle; Fig. 12 being similar to Fig. 10, with the exception of a different registry of needles with the card; and Fig. '13 representing the next shed for the passing of the shuttle when the knives are again in middle position and the bottom hook grate has descended to its lower position, thus taking with it those hooks which are not restrained in mid- -d le position by the knives; Fig. 14 represents a grate; Fig. 15 represents a second cam adapted for attachment to such a machine for the purpose of operating the bottom hook grate; Fig. 16 represents an ordinary V-Weave; Fig. 17 represents a V-weave with floating effect; Fig. 18 represents a Wilton weave; Fig. 19 represents a W-weave; and Fig. 20 represents a W-weave with ground effect.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 of the drawings, the structure here illustrated represents diagrammatically the mechanism of a new machine equipped with the present improvement. There are here illustrated four needles, numbered I, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, progressing from top to bottom, and each of these needles being in engagement with a hook, and of these four hooks 5, 6, I and 8, progressing from left to right, the first and third comprising double fish hooks, while the second and fourth comprise single hooks, and the even hooks being for the bottom piece. The first double fish hook is positioned so as to oscillate between and in selective alternative contact with odd and even knives 9 and I0, the second hook 6 being adapted to engage or disengage a single odd knife H, the third hook I being oscillatable between and in selective alternative contact with odd and even knives I2 and I3, and the last hook 8 being engageable with or, in disengagement from an odd knife [4 as the case may be, the knives of each pair being positioned face to face. In this Fig. .1, the uppermost needle I extends through the operatively positioned section of a jacquard card l5, supported by the usual prism i6 and with all of said hooks resting upon a bottom hook grate I1, the superimposed hook grate l8 being inoperative in thisposition.

In Fig.2, the same needle I is in engagement with the card section l5, while the two hook grates are also in the same position as in Fig. 1, but the odd and even knives have been raised to the uppermost position, thereby lifting the first and third hooks 5 and T, which comprise the double fish hooks of the set. In Fig. 3 with the uppermost needle I still in engagement with the said card, the even knives If] and I3 have been returned to their middle position, while the odd knives 9, II, l2 and I4 have descended into the lowermost position, it being also noted that the second of said even knives l3 in middle position operates to restrain further descent of the second double fish hook I, while the other hooks 5, 6 and B have descended to their lowermost positions under control of the movable bottom hook grate i1.

Fig. 4 shows the same structure with the even and odd knives, and the several hooks and the two hook grates in the same position as indicated by Fig. 1, but with the second needle in engagement with the card section l5. Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4 except that the first three hooks 5, 6, and l have been lifted from the bottom hook grate by and upon a corresponding elevation of the griff into its upper position, but with the fourth hook 8 remaining in middle position upon the bottom hook grate, as a result of this hook: being free from engagement with the adjacent odd knife l4. Finally, in this series Fig. 6 shows the same assembly, but with the bottom hook grate having descended to lower position, the even knives having returned to middle position and the odd knives having descended to their lowermost position, thereby causing the said even knives to maintain the first and third hooks 5 and l in middle position, while the second and fourth knives 6 and B have descended to their lowermost position.

For operating the odd knives in a machine of otherwise well-known construction, the cam 20 of Fig. 7 is employed. Referring to the radially extending lines of dashes in this figure, what might be termed the northwest line represents the relative position of the operating lever for the odd knife position shown in Fig. 1, the nort portion corresponding with Fig. 2, the east position corresponding with Fig. 3, the southeast position corresponding with Fig. 4, the south position corresponding with Fig. 5 and the west position corresponding with Fig. 6, each as so indicated. For operating the even knives of such a rise and fall machine, the cam 2! of Fig. 8 is employed, and referring to the radial lines of dashes in this figure, they represent the respective positions of said even knives in the same figures enumerated as for the first cam 20. Finally, for operating the bottom hook plate, the cam 22 of Fig. 9 is employed, and the radial lines of this figure similarly representing' the positions of said bottom hook plate as shown in the respective Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive.

The odd knive set requires a maximum movement from upper to lower position through an intermediate position, so that the warp pile thread can be either in the corresponding top, middle or bottom position. The even knife set, on the other hand, needs to move only between top and middle positions, while the hook grate moves only between middle and bottom position.

Referring to Figs 10 to 15, inclusive, there is here shown in diagrammatic form the construction and operation of the invention as applied to an old rise and fall machine which has been so altered as to incorporate the improved features of the present invention. With this in mind, Fig. 10 shows four single hooks, 25, 26, 21 and 23, operatively associated with a series of knives 29, which in this case are only of the one character, corresponding with the odd knives of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, and it being understood that in this modified embodiment of the invention all of the said knives 29 rise and fall as a unit. The needles in this case are also associated with a stationary hook grate 3i] and with a movable bottom hook grate 3|, while four needles 32, 33, 34 and 35, corresponding with the respective hooks 25, 26, 21 and 28, are adapted to engage and register with properly arranged apertures in the card 36, as its sections are successively positioned operatively by the prism 31.

In Figs. 10 and 11, the bottom hook grate 3| is in upper position, and in each of these figures the first and third hooks 32 and 35 are in registry with apertures in the card 35. However, in Fig. 10 all of the said hooks are in middle position by virtue of the lower positioning of the knives forming the griff 29, and the upper position of the hook grate 3|. By contrast, this relationship of the hooks is altered in Fig. 11, when the said griff rises and elevates the first and third hooks 25 and 21, since they are in engagement with their respective elevating knives, since their respective needles are in laterally shifted position as determined by the card 36.

Referring to Figs. 12 and 13, a condition is here shown which embodies a lateral shifting of only the third needle 33 by the card, and all of said hooks being in middle position in Fig. 12 resting upon the raised bottom hook grate in its upper position, while the griff 29 is in its lower position. However, with such an arrangement when the bottom hook g rate descends to its lower position, as shown in Fig. 13, the laterally shifted third hook 2'! is retained in middle position by engagement with its adjacent knife in the griif 29. Thus, with variations in the lateral positions of the several needles and the vertical positions of the grifi and bottom hook grate, any desired combination of hook arrangement can be attained for producing the desired weave. Figs. I and 11 show the position of the several elements after the prism has been pressed upon the needles, so as to thereby bring the hooks into their required positions. In Figs. 11 and 13 the shed has been formed for passing of the shuttle.

In altering an old rise and fall machine so as to contain the embodiment of the invention thus described, said machine is equipped with a "cam 38, shown in Fig. 14, for operating the knives or griff of Figs. to 13, while for operating the bottom hook grate in the same figures, a separate cam 39, shown in Fig. is employed, and so arranged as to rotate in synchronism with said last mentioned cam, while both of said cams are connected to the respective elements actuated by them by means of well known conventional mechanisms. Referring first to Fig. 14, the radial lines of dashes indicate the positions of the cam 38 for the respective positions of the griif or knife grate of the assembly as shown in Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive, as follows: northwest, Fig, 10; north, Fig. 11; northeast, Fig. 12; east, Fig. 13; southeast, Fig. 10; south, Fig. 11; southeast Fig. 12; and west, Fig. 13 again. Similarly, the respective radial lines of clashes in Fig. 15 represent the positions of the cam 39 for the respective positions of the bottom hook grate for the same figures and in the same order, as listed for said last-mentioned cam. In each case, in weaving pile fabric the top pile thread weaves into the bottom, while the bottom pile thread weaves into the top.

As illustrating the types of the weaves which may be produced by a machine, either initially provided with or altered so as to incorporate the present invention, Figs. 16 to are included in the drawings. Fig. 16 shows a simple form of V-weave such as that employed in producing plain moquette and velour carpets; Fig. 17 illustrates a V-weave with floating effect, such for instance as jacquard plush with floating pile war-p; Fig, 18 will be recognized as illustrating the well-known Wilton weave; Fig. 19 representing the W-weave; and Fig. 20 representing the W-weave with ground effect.

Although these several weaves shown in Figs. 16 to -20 inclusive are widely different in their structure and resulting visual characteristics, they all include in common one primary feature, and that being that they are alike as to the adjacent surfaces of the upper and lower pieces when finally separated in well-known manner. It is also to be understood, that while five types of weaving are herein illustrated, there are innumerable other weaving constructions which can be produced equally well by the new machine construction. In addition thereto, the new and altered machine as herein set forth can be used as either for a single or double shuttle loom, whereby making such altered machine capable of weaving among others the several types of weaves shown in Figs, 16 to 20 of the drawings, while in addition jacquards so constructed can also be employed for tapestry weaving.

When producing V-weave of Fig. 16, the Wilton weave of Fig. 18, and the W-weave' of Fig. 19 with the new machine, it is to be noted that only one, two or three cards are required for each repeat, whereas for the other weaves illustrated, namely, the modified V-weave of Fig. 17 and the 'W-weave of Fig. 20, one card is required for each pick. The altered machine requires only one card for each pick in all weave constructions. Finally, and in order to better explain the action of the machine in relation to the several weave formations, the positions indicated by Figs. 2, 3, -5, 6, 11 and 13 are shown on Fig. 16.

Finally, reverting to Figs. l to 9, inclusive, while one form of the machine is here shown in which the odd knife has three and the even knife has but two positions, it is to be understood that by a mere redesigning or reshaping of the knifecontrolling cams, (Figs. 7 and 8) this condition may be reversed, or both of the odd and even knives may be given three positions.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a pair of elevatable knife grates movable in the same vertical plane and at times being in the same horizontal plane, a vertically movable hook grate, a set of hooks engageable with said knife grates and adapted to rest upon and to be moved by said hook grates, a need-1e for each hook, a card to control the movement of each needleand-hook unit, and means to shift said knife grates independently of each other and independently of said hook grate.

2. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a pair of odd and even knife grates, a hook grate, a set of double hooks engageable selectively with said odd and even knife grates, a set of single hooks either engaged with or disengaged from said odd knife grate and all of said hooks being adapted to rest upon said hook grate, whereby hooks not elevated by one of said knife grates may be lowered by said hook grate, a needle for each hook, a card to control the movement of each needle-and-hook unit, and means to shift said even knife grate between upper and intermediate positions, said odd knife grate between upper, middle and lower positions, and said hook grate between middle and lower positions, all independently of one another.

3. A rise and fall jacquard machine, comprising odd and even knife grates, a hook grate, said knife and hook grates being vertically movable, a plurality of substantially alternately positioned single and double hooks, said double hooks being engageable selectively with said knife grates, said single hooks being engageable with the odd knife grate, and both single and double hooks adapted to be lowered by said hook grate when not elevated by a knife grate, a needle for each hook, a card to control the movement of each needleand-hook unit, and means to shift said knife grate and said hook grates independently of each other.

4. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, a movable hook grate engageable with all of said hooks, a movable odd knife grate adapted to support those hooks which have been shifted into a given position, a movable even knife grate having one-half the number of grates as said odd knife grate, said odd and even grates being nested so as to lie at times in the same horizontal plane and movable in the same vertical plane, and said even knife grate being operative to engage only those double hooks which are in other than said given position.

5. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks which have been moved into a given position, and an even knife grate adapted to engage only those double hooks which are in in other than said given position.

6. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks f the upper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a given position, to lift said moved hooks to the upper position and to leave in or shift said moved hooks to either top, middle or lower positions, and a movable even knife grate, having knives opposed to adjacent knives in said odd knife grate, and operative to engage those double hooks which are in a position other than said given position, to keep the upper pile threads in either the top or middle positions.

'7. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks of the upper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a given position to lift said moved hooks to the upper position and to leave in or shift said moved hooks to either top, middle or lower positions, and a movable even knife grate, operative to engage those double hooks of the upper pile threads in a position other than said given position, to keep the upper pile threads in either the top or middle positions, and a movable hook grate operative to engage those single hooks of the lower pile threads in a position other than said given position, to keep those single hooks either in the middle or lower positions, and means to actuate said hook grate and said knife grates independently of one another.

8. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks of the upper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a given position to form the pile in a double web, a movable even knife grate adapted to engage those double hooks of the upper pile threads in a position other than said given position, to keep those unengaged upper pile threads in the top or middle positions, to

weave those unused pile threads into the top piece, a movable hook grate engageable with those single hooks of the lower pile threads in a position other than said given position, to keep said threads in middle or lower position, to weave the lower unused pile threads into the bottom piece, and means to operate said knife and said hook grates independently of one another.

9- A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single and double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movable hook grate operative to support those single hooks to be moved from middle to lower positions and reversely, a movable odd knife grate adapted to engage those hooks to be moved either to top, middle or lower positions, a movable even knife grate adapted to engage those double hooks to be moved either to the top, middle or lower positions, and means to move said hook and knife grates independently of one another.

10. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of spaced double hooks connected to the upper pile threads, intervening single hooks connected to the lower pile threads, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks which have been moved into a given position, and an even knife grate adapted to engage only those double hooks which are in other than said given position.

11. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a set of single hooks, each hook controlling one warp thread, a prism and individual needles controlling each of the respective vertical hooks selectively, a movable knife grate operative to engage in the middle vertical position those hooks which have been shifted into a given lateral position by said needles, to lift those hooks into the top vertical position for the first pick and to return them subsequently to the middle position, a movable hook grate operative to support in the middle vertical position those hooks which are in lateral position other than said given position, to hold said last-mentioned hooks in the middle position for the first pick, said movable knife grate being operative to continue to engage in the middle position those hooks which have been shifted into said given lateral position, to hold said last-mentioned hooks in the middle position for the second pick, said movable hook grate being operative to support in the middle position those hooks in other than said given lateral position, to move them to the bottom vertical position for the second pick and to return them subsequently to the middle position, and means to move said knife grate and said hook grate alternately for consecutive picks independently of one another, said knife grate being movable while said hook grate is at rest and vice versa.

HANS STOEHR.

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