US1612559A - Rotary engine - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 28, 192 1,612,559

' E. ANDERSON u ROTARY ENGINE Original Filed Sept. 26, 1918 2 Shets-$heet 1 A; 61mm; 4 W 49% Dec. 28 1926. 1,612,559

- E. ANDERSON I ROTARY ENGINE Original Filed Sept. 26 1918 mill/l; ,3 9? 3536 33 335 g 2 Sheets-Sheet g Patented Dec. 28, 131 .6

ensse UNETE STATES PATENT ()FF -ICE.

EMIL ANDERSON, OF NEVI YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 1:0 UNIVERSAL TURBINE COM- PANY, OF NEVTABK, NEVJ JERSEY, A CORPORATIGN' OF NEV JERSEY.

ROTARY ENGINE.

Application filed September 2-6, 1918, Serial No. 255,767 Renewed May 25, 1 926.

This invention relates to improvements in rotary engines of the turbine type. Its object is to improve upon the construction of engines of this type, and to provide an arrangement of great simplicity and strength.

Another object is to increase the efiiciency of this kind of engine.

In orderthat my invention may be thoroughly understood, 1 will now proceed to describe the same in the following specification, and will then point out the novel features thereof in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure l is an end elevation, partly in section, of an engine which is made according to and embodies the present invention.

lfigure 2 is a sectional side elevation of the same apparatus.

Figure 3 is an end elevation of a part of the intermediate sector, with some of the parts removed,

Figure @l is a perspective view of one of the deflector blades of this intermediate sector.

Figure 5 is a partial section in side elevation of the intermediate sector.

Figure 6 is a sectional plan view ot the same part, the section being taken on the line 66 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a portion of a partially constructed rotor.

Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of a part of the steam passages.

Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

10, 11 and 12 designate three semi-circular parts which are bolted as at 13 to form the lower part of a casingj The parts 10 and 12 are constructed to form feet 14: which are adapted to rest upon a suitable foundation.

is the rotor shaft suitably supported in bearings 15 and 16 secured to the casing parts 10 and 12 respectively by. bolts 17, and i8 is an intermediate bearing for this shaft HillKGtl lo the casing part 11.

The upper part of the casing designated by 20 has three flat walls 21. 22 and 23 which are in the same planes as similar parts of the lower casing members, and lit over the bearin s i 18 and 1G. The bearings 15 and 16 to the $21 and 23 by bolts 19. -r tower casing merry hers l0 and 12 and the lower edges of the valls 21 and 23 form out-turned flanges which are fastened together by bolts 24L.

Atlixed to the rotor shaft is ahub 31 to which is fastened a plate 32. .33 is a ring on the plate 32 and 34: is a similar ring spaced from ring 33. The surfaces of the rings are beveled to converge out-- wardly and between them are the wavy blades a0. These parts are fastened together by rivets 37 The ring 33 overlaps the periphery of plate 32 and the peripheries of bothof the rings 33 and 34 are provided with spaced projecting ribs 38.

is another ring on the plate 32 opposite which is a-ring 51. The surfaces 52 and of these rings are beveled to converge outwardly; Between these two rings are the rotor blades 41. These parts are held together by rivets 54. The ring abuts against the ring or may be integral with it but between the inner periphery of the ring 34: and the outer periphery of ring 51 isan annular space 55.

is an intermediate sector which has a base 71 aflixed to the lower casing part 12 by bolts 72. In the face of this sector opposite its base is cut a series of equally spaced tapered grooves 73. 74 is sector plate. the inner face of which is provided with similar grooves.

The deflectors comprise tapered flat surtaced plates 75 which are wider than the distance of the deflector plate from the sector and the edges of which fit into these grooves, and curved body portions 76 which fit be tween the sector plate and the sector. Each of these lies against one of the surfaces of one of the plates 75 and has a shoulder which fits against the end of one of the plates Screws 77 pass through the sector plate and the deflector bodies into the sector 70. By this simple construction the'parts are held together securely and against all possible displacement. These intermediate sectors project through the space and between the rotor blades 40 and ll. The casing part if) is constructed to form a steam chest 80 which hasaflanged intake port 81 and a plurality of valve controlled ports One of the v Y "which control these ports is shown, and

' bylthe number 3 3;

ill)

Directly back of the steam chest is a nozzle member S t allixed to the casing member l2 by screws 85. This member is divided by walls 86 into a plurality of chambers corre ponding in number with tl 3 ports 82 and each in communication with the steam chest through one t these ports when its respective valve 83 is open. The inner outside surtace ot the nozzle member fits the outer periphery of the rotor and is provided with grooves 87 to receive the ribs 38. The nozzle member las a slot St? in alignment with the space between the rings 32 and 34 and oi the same width as that ol this space and this slot is divided by blades F59 into nozzles o't desired shape, preferably so ari'iilljl'cal that there are an equal number ol nozzles for each chamber.

in the wall of the casing); member 11 an opening; 90 hack of which is a nozzle member 9!. similar to the member fill except that it not sulidirided by walls such 86. it it it has such walls there is an opening like 9i) leading into each chamber. 92 is a slot if leading; into a second rotor 93 which similar in construction to the one which has been described so that the description need not be repeated. Its two rows of blades are designated respectively 410 and 4-1 and between them is interposed an int-rmediate sector 95 i an exhaust port formed in the cas ng member and 96 is a relief valve in this same casing; member.

I will now describe the operation of this apparatus. A suitable fluid underpressure, such as steam. is introduced through intake 81 into one or n ore of the chambers of the nozzle member 8% by opening one or more of the valves 83. This steam is led through the slot 88 into the first rotor. The blades 85) direct this steam so that it enters at slight angles to tangential lines. They may be also constructed as shown. to have a larger nozzle area at the parts adjacent the rotor than outside these parts to permit the steam to erqiand and increase its velocity.

"he rotor blades ll) are so constructed that tortuous or wavy passages are formed between them. As the steam enters these passages it is first deflected inwardly by the parts 42 of the blades 4-0. In doing this a rotalive impulse is imparted to the rotor. Then it is deflected by the parts 43 into a tangential direction against the parts a l which deflect it inwardly again and thereby 'et a further rotative effect upon the rotor. the parts -15 then direct the steam against the parts 46 where a further impulse is receivcd. These parts 16 are nearly 180 curves so that the steam is discharged from the annular row ot blades in nearly tanggential directions opposite to the direction of rotation. This gives a reaction which further impels the rotor. It is to be noted that the reactions against the parts a3 and A x I are in radial directions so that they have no tendency to retard the rotation of the rotor.

The steam is now deflected by the blades 'T57:3 to enter the wavy passages between the second row of rotor blades ll in the direction of rotation. These blades have parts .457 which deflect the steam inwardly 41:8 which deflect it back in the direction oi" rotati-on. and parts 4-9 which turn it back and discharge it in directions opposite that of rotation. At the parts t?" and 4-9 further driving impulses are received and the reaction ot discharge is also in the driving directions. The reactions at the parts l8 are in radial directions.

The spaces between the rotor blades 40 and it are of uniform width in one plane and expand in the normal plane on account oi the bevel 01' the ring surfaces 36 and 53 so that the steam passages are not 1: stric'cr. but in fact the steam expands d uing; ts passage through the rotor. There. is therefore no drop in steam pressure but its velocity is transtorn'ied into useful work.

The steam discharged from the rotor enters the casing between its parts 11 and 12 and the walls 22 and 23. It then passes through the opening into nozzle member 9i and through the nozzles formed in slot 92 into the rotor 93 where its velociti is further transformed into work in the passages between the blades 40 It is deflected by blades in the intermediate sector 9% and further transformed into work in the spaces between the rotor blades 41 From these spaces it is discharged into the casing); between its parts 10 and 11 and the walls 21 and 22 from whence it is led off through the outlet which is open to the atmosphere or connected wi h a condenser.

Que of the advantages of this apparatus is that it has a strong starting torque and that its eliiciency is high at low speeds and tin-(nigh a long: range of speeds.

The arrangement shown although of simple and rigid construction, is particularly ellicient in action. The rotor blades may be rolled into the desired shapes and cut transversely into desired widths. T he beveled sides of the rings between which the rotor blades are held prevent them from being; displaced even if they b-come discennected or broken.

The construction of the intermediate sectors and the 'ay in which their deflector blades are held therein, is also decidedly strong although very simple.

It is obvious that the amount of power developed may be controlled by means of the valves 83. The safety valve 95 oi coarse prevents an undue rise of pressure within the casing".

It is also obvious that other nozzle structures like 84L, 91 with suitable intake a l exhaust passages, may be added to the upper lit) part of the casing if it is desired to increase the power without materially increasing the size of the turbine.

Jr device of preferred term and construction has been lllLlStl'fttOtlllltl described for the purpose of "showing ways in which this invention may be used, but the inventive thought upon which this application is based, is broader than these illustrative embodiments thereof, and I therefore intend no limitations other than those imposed by the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A turbine comprising an annular rotor, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a plurality of spaced annular ro vs of blades on the rotor, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between adjacent rows of rotor blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directibns and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward'the axis of the rotor.

A turbine comprising an annular rotor, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a plurality of spaced annular rows of blades on the rotor, andan intermedi'ate sector hav-' ii stationary deflectors b etweenad'jac'ent rows of rotor blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having wavy formation to provide passages extendingalternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions towardthe axis of the rotor, the last part of saidpassages on the outlet end being adapted to discharge firearwardly against said'stationary deflectors;

3. A turbine coinprisingan annular rotor,

a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a plurality of spaced annular rows of spirally curved blades on the rotor, and an intermediate sector having stationary dcitlectors between adjacent rows of rotor blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having a wavy formation to provide t nding alternately in substantially tangentialdirections and in directitms deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis ofthe rotor, the last part of said passages on the outlet 7 end" being adapted to "discharge rearwardly against s d stationary deflectors.

A turbine comprising a rotor,a nozzle inclined toward the outer periphery thereof,

said rotor havinga plurality of'pairs of spaced annular members, rows ot blades between eaclrpair of said members, and'an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between adjacent rows of rotor blades, the adjacent surfaces of the'oute'r pair of members being beveled toconverge' outwardly, the rotor blades betweensaid inclined toward the/outer peripheriythera outer pair otmembers having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions to converge outwardly, and the rotor blades between sa d. outer pair of members having a. wavy formation to provide'passages extending alternately in substantlally tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis oflthe rot-or.

6. A turbine comprising an annular rotor, a nozzleinclined toward a periphery thereof, a plurality of spaced annular rowsor blades on. the rotor, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between adjacent rows of rotor-blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions. toward the axis of the rotor, the last part of said passages on the outlet endbeing adapted to discharge rearwardly against said stationary deflectors, said passages being of uniform width in one transversedirection and liaringin the opp0 site transverse direction, i

T. A turbine comprising a rotor, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, said rotor having an outer and an inner pair ofspaced annular members, rows of blades between each pair of members, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between the rows of rotor blades, said rotor blades having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected fronrsaid tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor.

8. A turbine comprising a rotor, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, said rotor having an outer and an inner pair of spaced annular members, rows of curved blades between each pair of members, and an intermediate sector having stationary defleco. A' turbine comprising a rotor, a nozzle tors between the rows of rotor blades, said rotor blades having a wavy formation to proylde passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directionstoward the axisof the rotor,..the last part of said passages on the outlet end being aoapted to discharge rearwardly.

9. A turbinec'omprising a rotor,:a nozzle of having an outer and. an inner pair of spaced annular members, rows of blades be t veen each pair of members, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between the rows of rotor blades, the inner adjacent surfaces of said members being beveled to converge outwardly, said rotor blades having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor, the passages between the rotor blades in each row being of uniform width in one transverse direction and. flaring in the opposite transverse direction.

10. A turbine comprisiin an annular rotor, a nozzle member constructed to form. a plurality of chambers, nozzles from each chamber inclined toward a periphery of the rotor, a steam chest, and valvecontrolled ports between the steam chest and each of said chambers, a plurality of spaced annular rows of blades on the rotor and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between adjacent rows of rotor blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor.

11. A turbine comprising a shaft and casing, said casing having a stationary transverse wall, an annular rotor on said I shaft on one side of the wall, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a motive fluid connection for said nozzle, another rotor on said shaft on the other side of the transverse wall, a second nozzle inclined toward a periphery of said other rotor, and a port through said wall connecting the side of the casing opposite said second nozzle with the second nozzle.

12. A turbine comprising a shaft and a casing, said casing having a transverse .wall, an annular rotor on said shaft on one side of the wall, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a motive fluid connection for said nozzle, another rotor on said shaft on the other side of the transverse wall, a second nozzle inclined toward. a periphery of said other rotor, and a port through said wall connecting the side of the casing opposite said second nozzle with the second nozzle, both of-said'rotors having a plurality of spaced annular rows of blades, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between each adjacent rows of rotor blades, the rotor blades in the row adjacent the nozzle having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in sub tantially tangential directions and. insdirections deflected from said tan- --gent1al directions toward the axis of the retor, the last part of said passages on the outlet end being adapted to discharge rearwardly against said stationary deflectors.

A turbine comprising a shaft and a casing, said casing having a transverse wall, an annular rotor on said shaft on one side of the wall, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a motive fluid connection for said nozzle, another rotor on said shaft on the other side of the transverse wall, a second nozzle inclined toward a periphery of said other rotor, and a port through said wall connecting the side of the casing opposite said second nozzle with the second nozzle, both of said rotors having a plurality of pairs of spaced annular members, rows of blades between each pair of said members, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between each adjacent rows'of rotor blades, the adjacent surfaces of the outer pair of members being beveled to converge outwardly, and the retor blades between said outer pair of mean bers having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor.

14. A turbine comprising a shaft and a casing, said casing having a transverse wall, an annular rotor on said shaft on one side of the wall, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a motive fluid connection for said nozzle another rotor on said shaft on the other side of the transverse wall, a second nozzle inclined toward a periphery of said other rotor, and a port through said wall. connecting the side of thevcasing opposite said second nozzle with the second nozzle, both of said rotors having an outer and an inner pair of spaced annular members, rows of blades between each pair of members, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between each adjacent row of rotor blades, the inner adjacent surfaces of said members being beveled to converge outwardly, said rotor blades having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in substantially tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor, the passages between the rotor blades in each row being of uniform width in one transverse direction and tlaring in the opposite transverse direction.

15. A turbine comprising a shaft, a plate extending therefrom, an annular ring on the sidei of. said plate, another annular ring spaced therefrom, the adjacent surfaces of said rings being beveled to converge outwardly, a plurality of spirally curved blades between said, rings and across adjacent sur-' faces thereof, said, blades having a wavy formation to provide passages extending al ternately in tangential dirictiens andin rections deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor, and rivets passing through said plate, rings and blades.

16. A turbine comprising an annular rotor, a nozzle inclined toward a periphery thereof, a plurality of spaced annular rows of blades on the rotor, and an intermediate sector having stationary deflectors between adjacent rows of rotor blades,said seem having a pair of spaced members constructed to form tapered inclined slots and said deflectors comprising plates fitting said slots, and body portions fitted between the spaced members and each lying against one side and the inner end of one of the plates and fastening devices between said members passing through said body portions.

17. A fluid pressure turbine wheel having a plurality of blades with a plurality of transverse notches on the working face of each blade, said blades extending inwardly from the periphery of the wheel and having the complementary notches on both sides of said blades adapted to deflect the motive fluid in a continuous flow and in every turn exert a tangential or forward driving action on said wheel.

18. A turbine rotor comprising a shaft, a hub having an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the annular projection and having their outer portions shaped to converge toward the periphery of the rotor, and a pluralityof interposed spirally curved spacing vanes tapered to fit between the converging portions of the discs and fashioned to provide wavy passages from the rotor periphery inwardlly.

19. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of spaced discs having their outer portions shaped to converge toward the periphery of the rotor, and a plurality of interposed spirally curved spacing vanes tapered to fit between the converging portions of the discs and fashioned to provide wavy passages from the rotor periphery inwardly.

20. A turbine rotor comprising apair of annular members converging toward the periphery of the rotor and interposed spirally curved spacing vanes tapered to fit between the converging members and fashioned to provide wavy passages from the rotor periphery inwardly.

21. A turbine rotor comprising a shaft, a hub having an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the an nular projection and having their outer portions shaped to converge toward the periphery of the rotor, and a plurality of interposed spirally curved spacing vanes fashioned to form wavy passages'froni the rotary periphery inwardly.

22. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of spaced discs having their outer portions shaped to converge toward the periphery of 24:. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of. annular members CODVG-IgHIg near the periphery of the rotor and interposed spirally curved spacing vanes fashioned to provide wavy passages.

25. A turbine rotor comprising spaced annular members and interposed spirally curved spacing vanes fashioned to provide wavy passages having reverse bends at their ends.

26. A turbine rotor comprising a shaft,

a hub having an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the annular projection and having their outer portions bent to converge and interposed spirally curved spacing vanes between said converging portions of said discs having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in tangential directions and in directions deflected from said tangential directions toward the axis of the rotor.

27. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of spaced discs having their rim portions shaped to converge toward the periphery of the rotor, and interposed spirally curved spacing vanes having a wavy formation to provide passages extending alternately in tangential directions.

28. A turbine rotor comprising a shaft, a hub having an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the annular projection and a plurality of interposed spirally curved spacing vanes having hooked inner ends and fashioned to form wavy passages from the rotary periphery inward, ending with reverse bends.

29. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of spaced members and a plurality of interposed spirally curved spacing blades fashioned to provide .wavy passages from the rotor periphery inward, terminating in substantially 180 degree bends.

30. A turbine rotor comprising a shaft, a hub having, an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the annular projection and a plurality of interposed spacing vanes arranged to provide passages of uniform width in one transverse direction and flaring in the other transverse direction.

31. A turbine rotor comprising a pair of circular members, means for passing motive fluid between said members obliquely, curved spacing blades interposed between said members and across the adjacent surfaces thereof, the curved sides of said blades being Wavy to form zigzag passages for the motive fluid, and the Waves of each blade overlapping those of the adjacent blades and the last of the Waves on the outlet end of each blade being adapted to discharge the motive fluid rearvvardly.

32. In a turbine engine, the combination With a rotor comprising a shaft, a hub having an annular projection, a pair of spaced discs on opposite sides of the annular projection and a plurality of interposed spacing vanes having hooked inner ends and fashioned to form spirally curved wavy passages from the rotor periphery inwardly, ending with reverse bends, of a stator comprising a casing having an exhaust port and a peripheral inlet nozzle having expanding passages arranged to discharge into the outer ends of said curved Wavy passages of the rotor.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 18 day of Sept, 1918.

EMIL ANDERSON.

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