US1868017A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

July 19, 1932. A. c. MCGINTY 1,868,017

TURBINE Filed Aug. 13, 1931 TZEL 1'- Patented July 19, 1932 ANTHONY G. MCGINT'Y, OF LOS AN GELES, CALIFORNIA TURBINE Application filed August 13, 1931. Serial No. 556,779.

This invention relates to turbines and has for an object the provision of a turbine construction which represents an improvement over those disclosed in Patents No. 1,776,038 and No. 1,811,515, issued to me on September 16, 1930, and June 23, 1931, respectively.

A more detailed object is the provision of a secondary or low pressure rotor chamber adapted to cooperate with the high pressure rotor chamber and to receive the exhaust steam or other energizing fluid therefrom so that additional power is derived from the exhaust fluid by means of the low pressure rotor which is revoluble within the low pressure chamber and which preferably is carried by the same shaft as that upon which the rotor of the high pressure chamber is amounted.

Another object is to provide an improved design of rotor whereby an unusually high degree of efliciency is attained.

This invention possesses other objects and advantageous features some of which, with those enumerated, will be set forth in the following description of the inventions particular embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing accompanying and forming a portion of the specification.

Referring to the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a turbine embodying the principles of the present invention, portions of the high and low pressure housings being broken away to show the rotors disposed thereinside.

Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken upon the line 22 of Figure 1, with the direction of view as indicated.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged prespective view of a portion of the rotor of the low pressure chamber.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken in a plane extending radially of the rotor upon the line 44 of Figure 3, With the direction of view as indicated,

Fig. 5 is a view'similar to Figure 4 but showing a modified form of rotor.

Specifically describing a preferred embo'diment of my invention, high and low pressure chambers 6 and 7 respeotively, both of which are mounted upon a common base 8 so as to retain the two housings 6 and 7 in coaxial relationship.

The low pressure housing 6 and the rotor 9 disposed thereinside preferably are of the design disclosed in my aforesaid'mentioned Patent No. 1,811,515, hence this portion of the device of the present invention need be described no further herein than toexplain that the housing 6 is preferably in the form of an elongated tube having inlet and outlet conduits 11 and 12 respectively communicating with the rotor chamber inside the housing 6. The rotor 9 is carried by a shaft 14 which is journaled axially of the housing 6.-

This rotor comprises a plurality of blades or vanes 16, one portion 17 of each vane 16 being disposed parallel to the shaft 14 and the remaining portion 18 of each vane 16 being disposed spirally with respect thereto. -Up'on the spiral portion 18 of each blade 16 a plurality of deflectors 19 are provided which are adapted to be engaged by the steam, compressed air, or other energizing fluid, and directed back the rotor, thereby overcoming the tendency for the fluid to be thrown radially outwards by centrifugal action as explained in greater detail in my aforesaid patent.

The'shaft 14 whereon the rotor 9 is mounted is sufficiently elongated to permit it to extend through the low pressure housing 6 also and for a material distance therebeyond, as indicated at 21, to receive a propeller, driving pulley, or their equivalent. The rotor 22 of the low pressure housing 7 is also rigidly afiixed to the shaft 14 so thatboth rotors 9 toward the axis of rotation of I have provided and 22 apply rotative effort to the shaft '14 during operation of theturbine.

The rotor 22'is in the form of a wheel"23,;90

the hub24 of which is provided with an axial bore 26 through which the shaft 14 extends. Preferably the shaft 14 fits the bore 26 so tightly that rotation of the wheel 23 with respect to the shaft 14 is prevented. The spokes 27 of the wheel 23 extend from the hub 24 to a rim 28, upon the outer surface of which a pair of spaced opposed flanges 29 are provided. As clearly shown upon Figure 4, the inner face 31 of each flange 29 inclines inwards toward the other flange and toward the rim 28, thereby defining between the two flanges 29' an annular groove 32 which is narrower at the bottom than at the top.

To the inner face 31 of each flange 29 a plurality of blades or deflectors 33 are secured. Each of these blades 33 inclines inwards to? ward the other flange and in the direction of rotation of the rotor 22 with the. result that the inner edge 34 of the blade 33 leads during rotation ofthe'rotor. Each blade, 33 also inclines with respect to a true radius of the rotor, the direction of this inclination being in the direction of rotation of the rotor and toward the rim 28 so that the inner or bottom edge 36. of each blade 33 is in advance of the outer edge 37 of that blade 33 during rotation of the rotor.

In the modification illustrated upon Figures 3 and 4, the blades 33 carried by the two opposed flanges 29 are disposed in opposed relationship, i. e., inpairs and the blades 33 of each pair 38 are ]01I18Cl along their inner edges 34. Furthermore the bottom edges 36 join or press firmly against the outer face of the rim 28. Consequently each pair 38 of blades 33 cooperates with the associated portion of the flanges 29 and the outer surface of the rim 28 to define a pocket 41, each of these pocket-s being soshaped that it is more or less wedge shaped with its inner smaller end slightly in advance of its outer larger end. I have found by actual test that this specific design of rotor operates an extremely high degree of eiflciency, presumably because the motivating fluid which is directed into the pockets 41 by the tangentially arranged inlet nozzle 42 is not permitted to slip past the blades 33 without delivering substantially the entire amount of itskinetic energy to the rotor to cause rotation thereof.

On Figure 5 a slightly modified form of rotor46 is illustrated. This rotor 46 is similarly in the form of a wheel 47 the rim 48 of which is provided with spaced opposed flanges 49, whose inner faces 51 incline inwards toward the rim 48 and toward the op posite flange. Each flange 49 is provided with a plurality of inclined blades 52, each of which inclines toward the other flange and in the direction of rotation and also inclines with respect to a true radius of the rotor, the direction of this latter inclination beingtoward the rim 48 and in the direction of rotation of'the rotor. However, instead the two flanges 49. Instead of being in contact with the opposite flange 51, however, throughout its entire length the leading, substantially'radial edge 57 of each blade 52 becomes spaced a greater distance from the opposite flange 56 as the extreme outer end 58 of the blade is approached- Hence a wedge shaped opening 59 is provided between each blade 52 and the flange 49, opposite the flange 49 to which the blade is secured.

The low pressure rotor 22 receives its energizing: fluid from the exhaust or outlet conduit12 of the high pressure chamber 6. For this purpose the outlet conduit 12 is connected by a suitable nipple 61 to the inlet nozzle 42 of the low pressure housing 7 In view of the fact that the fluid delivers a portion of its kinetic energy to the rotor 9 within the high pressure chamber before the fluid passes throughthe outlet conduit 12 and by way of the nozzle 42 into the low pressure chamber 7 I have formed the low pressure chamber 7 and the rotor 22 therein of considerably greater diameter than, the high pressure chamber 6 and its rotor 9 respectively. By designing these two portions of the turbine so that they are properly proportioned with respect to each other, I have attained a suitable balance whereby both rotors 9 and 22 cooperate to deliver rotative efl'ort to the shaft 14 even though the fluid which is delivered to the low pressure rotor 22 does not possess as great an amount of kinetic energy as that which-is acting against the high pressure rotor 9. This feature adds materially to the turbine as compared with those forming the subject matter of my aforesaid patents; and also operating toward this same end is the specific design and arrangement of the turbine blades which incline in such a way that they tend to reduce the tendency for the actuating fluid to be thrown radially outwards from the rotor 22 by centrifugal action by rotation thereof.

It is to be understood that the details of the invention as herein disclosed are subject to alteration within the spirit or scope of the appended claim. 7

I claim;

In a turbine, a housing having a circular chamber, a shaft journaled axially thereof, a rotor carried by said shaft and comprising a wheel having a rim and a pair of spaced flanges on the outer face of said rim, the inner faces of said flanges diverging radially outwards with respect to said wheel to define an Ill annular groove between said flanges, said groove being wider at the top than at the bottom, and plates carried by said flange within said groove, each plate being inclined with respect to a true radius of such wheel, the direction of inclination being radially inwards and in the direction of the wheels rotation, and each blade being also inclined from its associated flange in said direction of rotation and toward the other flange, each blade being disposed directly opposite and joined along its inner edge to a blade on the opposite flange.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

A. C. MOGINTY.

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