US1610674A - Submarine sound-signaling device - Google Patents

Submarine sound-signaling device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1610674A
US1610674A US435505A US43550521A US1610674A US 1610674 A US1610674 A US 1610674A US 435505 A US435505 A US 435505A US 43550521 A US43550521 A US 43550521A US 1610674 A US1610674 A US 1610674A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
structures
diaphragm
vibratory
sound
frequencies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US435505A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hahnemann Walter
Hecht Heinrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Firm Signal GmbH
Original Assignee
FIRM SIGNAL GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FIRM SIGNAL GmbH filed Critical FIRM SIGNAL GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1610674A publication Critical patent/US1610674A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to submarine sound signaling devices, and more particularly to means in such devices for adjusting the magnitudes determined bythe vibrations set up in the sameand for establishing definite relationships between parts of different or equal tuning.
  • a means is provided by which, while maintaining a proper ratio of transformation of the amplitudes of motion of the vibrations during the transfer of the vibrations between the sender or receiver proper and the sound propagating medium, the other factors or magnitudes 1 that govern the character of the oscillations of the complete apparatus, such as the damping efi'ect and tuning, can be nrade to assume a desired value.
  • the invention has to do with signaling apparatus comprising two or more bodies or structures each capable of executing oscillations and all coupled together acoustically, one of these structures preferably acting chiefly as a sound radiating body, while another serves as an exciting or receiving member.
  • An important feature of the invention consists in effecting such a close acoustic coupling of the vibratory structures that they allect each other in a considerable degree.
  • acoustic coupling has been selected to express the relation between the vibratory structures or units.
  • the word coupling' is used in an analogous sense in the wireless telephone art, where primary and secondary circuits are said to be closely or loosely coupled depending upon the degree of influence which one exerts upon the other, or on the amount of energy transferred from one to the other.
  • the structures to be coupled belong, as a rule, to two fundamentally different groups. lhe one group comprises the structures or bodies which perform the function of radiating the sound waves into the propagating medium (for example, water), or which take in the sound waves from; this medium (i. e. the radiators), while the other group embodies special vibratory structures whose functions can be performed by detectors, microphones, electromagnets, etc., of a kind that comprises elastic members.
  • the propagating medium for example, water
  • the other group embodies special vibratory structures whose functions can be performed by detectors, microphones, electromagnets, etc., of a kind that comprises elastic members.
  • the vibratory structure which (for example) is to cooperate with the diaphragm may be so tuned that its frequency or rate of vibration is equal or approximately equal to that of a harmonic of the diaphragm.
  • An advantageous rate of vibration to use is one whereby the oscillations executed by the diaphragm take the. form of alternating rises and depressions, or outward and inward bulgings, of an annular zone lying between the center and the periphery.
  • a feature of the invention therefore,consists in using a radiator or diaphragm that is of uniform thickness throughout and whose area and thickness are such that it has a fundamental rate of vibration that is so low compared with that of the vibratory structure coupled to it, that the rate of;vibration of this last-named vibratory structure is only approached or equalled by the natural periodic time of the ring vibration or harmonic of the diaphragm.
  • a result accomplished by this measure is that as far as the fundamental vibration of the radiator is concerned no mutual acoustic interaction and hence no acoustic coupling between the special vibratory structure and the radiator takes place; whereas on account of the proximity between, or the equality of, the periodic time, of the ring vibration of the-radiator and of the special vibratory structure, a
  • the preferred procedure according to the invention will be to couple to the said vibratory structure a radiating body with a large damping effect so as to thus obtain the desired total damping effect. It will then be possible to predetermine the size of each of the two individual damping effects, that is, the damping effect in each vibratory structure after coupling, this being done in accordance with the law that when unequally damped vibratory bodies or structures are acoustically coupled together the damping becomes equally distributed in each.
  • the two vibratory structures (the radiator and the special vibratory structure) will, in accordance with the invention, be acoustically coupled so closely that an apparatus with two frequencies of resonance will result, one of which will be very much higher and the other very much lower than either :of the 'two individual frequencies of resonance of the individual structures.
  • This closeness of coupling may be secured in two ways; one, by bringing the individual frequencies otthe vibratory structures closer together, and another by distributing the masses of the coupled structures so that the common mass becomes smaller than the others.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sound signaling receiving apparatus in which the individual structures that are to be regarded as being coupled to each other are, (1) a sound collecting or radiating diaphragm, and (2) a special vibratory structure formed of two masses connected by springs, the latter structure carrying a microphone.
  • Fig. 2 shows, in two separate curves, the amplitudes at different frequencies of the vibrations executed by the individual vibratory structures before coupling, and in a single curve the two frequencies of resonance that result from coupling the two individual structures.
  • Fig. 3 is a n'io'dification of the apparatus represented in Fig. 1, the chief difference being that the latter apparatus is equipped with an elertromagnet and may be used both as a sound producer and as a sound receiver, the second or special vibratory structure that is coupled to the diaphragm operating either to produce or to receive sound waves.
  • I I I I I I Fig. 1 shows a receiving apparatus made up of two coupled vibratory bodies or structures; the one vibratory structure being the diaphragm 1 with its supporting or holding frame or border 5 formed from the same material and the mass '2 in its centre; and the other vibratory structure consisting of the weights or masses 2 and 4 and the elastic members 3 the mass 2 thus being common to both structures. Attached to the weight 4 1s a microphone 6.
  • the diaphragm is made to have a large radiation damping, which can be done by making or arranging it in such manner that it is forced to execute ring vibrations of .a kind that will result in the middle part of the diaphragm carrying out motions that are smaller than, and in phase with, the motions of the marginal parts nearer to the periphery of the chaphragm, or else much smaller motions that are out of phase with the motions of the marginal parts.
  • F8 indicates the individual frequency of resonance of the special vibratory structure 2, 3, 4; FM denotes the frequency of resonance of the ring vibration or harmonic of the dia hragm used for the purpose of coupling, t a resonance curve of the fundamental vibrations of the diaphragm being omitted.
  • FM denotes the frequency of resonance of the ring vibration or harmonic of the dia hragm used for the purpose of coupling, t a resonance curve of the fundamental vibrations of the diaphragm being omitted.
  • the two coupled devices of which the entire apparatus is composed comprise the casing 5 with the diaphragm 1 and the central mass 2 on the one hand, and the mass 2 with the spring plate '2' and the magnet 4- on the other. It is necessary in certain cases in accordance with thisv invention-especially inthe cases of receiving apparatus consisting of two coupled structures (the radiator and the exciting or sound transferring inember)to make the acoustic coupling between the various vibratory structures 0t which the entire apparatus is composed so close that the higher of the two resulting frequencies of resonance is twice as high as the lower of these two frequencies. If, in
  • theicondition is fulfilled that the free-mass 5 of the one structure (the radiator) is large compared to the common mass 2 and the free mass 4 of the second structure, the required closeness of the coupling will be attained in a satisfactory degree by making the common ma'ss 2 smaller than, or atthe most as large as the second free mass 4. ltn practice the free mass 5 is therefore generally large in comparison with masses 2 and 4.
  • a larger number such as three may be used, the third structure being interposedbetween and coupled to the radiating vibratory structure or diaphragm and the vibratory structure that is associated with the sound receiver or exciter proper.
  • a plurality of vibratory structures each individually tuned to a definite pitch, said structures being provided with means for coupling them together acoustically whereby the 'resulting frequencies of resonance of the structures in the coupled system are considerably different from the original frequencies.
  • a pinrality of vibratory structures each individually tuned to a definite pitch and individually damped to a definite degree, said structures being provided with means for coupling them together acoustically whereby the resulting frequencies of resonance and dampings of the structures in the coupled system are considerably different from the original frequencies and dampings.
  • a vibratory structure tuned to a definite pitch and having relatively high damping
  • a second vibratory structure tuned to a definite pitch and having relatively low damping
  • said structures being provided with means for coupling them together acoustically whereby the damping at the resulting fre-.
  • a vibratory structure tuned to a definite pitch and having relatively high damping
  • a second vibratory structure tuned to a definite pitch and having relativelylow damping
  • said structures being provided ⁇ with means for coupling them together acoustically whereby the damping magnitudes are caused to become substantially equalized.
  • a device in which the vibratory structure havin relatively high damping is a sound radiating diaphragm having high radiation damping.
  • a plurality of vibratory .structures each individually tuned to the same pitch, and provided with means for coupling them together acoustically including having the effective masses thereof proportioned relatively to each other, whereby the resulting frequencies of resonance of the structures in the coupled system are considerably different from the original frequencies.
  • a sound radiating diaphragm, and a vibratory structure coupled thereto tuned substantially to the frequency of an upper harmonic of the diaphragm to cause the diaphragm to vibrate in the latter frequency.
  • a sound radiating diaphragm having high radiation damping, and a vibratory structure coupled thereto tuned substantially to the frequency of an upper harmonic of the diaphragm to cause the diaphragm to vibrate in the latter frequency, the vibratory structure and the diaphragm being so related that a relative large portion of the diaphragm vibrates in phase when it is executing the said harmonic vibration.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
US435505A 1916-02-29 1921-01-06 Submarine sound-signaling device Expired - Lifetime US1610674A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1610674X 1916-02-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1610674A true US1610674A (en) 1926-12-14

Family

ID=7737107

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US435505A Expired - Lifetime US1610674A (en) 1916-02-29 1921-01-06 Submarine sound-signaling device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1610674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE310769C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR532113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (3) GB147937A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL10361C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903673A (en) * 1954-01-06 1959-09-08 Harris Transducer Corp Acoustical impedance-matching transducer
US3121212A (en) * 1960-03-17 1964-02-11 Peter E Weber Electrodynamic underwater sound source
US9775336B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-03 Airmar Technology Corporation Acoustic projector with source level monitoring and control
US10030961B2 (en) 2015-11-27 2018-07-24 General Electric Company Gap measuring device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8944415B2 (en) 2011-04-05 2015-02-03 Dorel Juvenile Group, Inc. Security enclosure

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903673A (en) * 1954-01-06 1959-09-08 Harris Transducer Corp Acoustical impedance-matching transducer
US3121212A (en) * 1960-03-17 1964-02-11 Peter E Weber Electrodynamic underwater sound source
US9775336B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-03 Airmar Technology Corporation Acoustic projector with source level monitoring and control
US10030961B2 (en) 2015-11-27 2018-07-24 General Electric Company Gap measuring device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE310769C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB147937A (en) 1921-10-10
FR532113A (fr) 1922-01-28
GB148414A (en) 1921-10-10
GB148412A (en) 1921-10-10
NL10361C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4654554A (en) Piezoelectric vibrating elements and piezoelectric electroacoustic transducers
US1604693A (en) Means for signaling under water
US1610674A (en) Submarine sound-signaling device
US1815987A (en) Conical diaphragm for loud speakers
US1507171A (en) Sound receiver
US1622039A (en) Apparatus for and method of reproducing sound
US1757938A (en) Acoustic instrument
US2911484A (en) Electro-acoustic transducer
GB147940A (en) Improvements in and relating to sound transmitting and receiving apparatus
US2063952A (en) Apparatus for transmission and reception
US3550071A (en) Transducer system
US2803713A (en) Recording apparatus
US1589962A (en) Radiating member of sound-signaling apparatus
US1590369A (en) Device for preventing undesired vibrations in sound signaling apparatus
US1711529A (en) Multiple-range sound-transmitting system
US1667418A (en) Subaqueous sound-signaling apparatus
US1655267A (en) Sound apparatus for producing and receiving sound waves
USRE21607E (en) Method and apparatus for generat
US1832832A (en) Sound reproducing means
US1631646A (en) Sound-reproducing apparatus
US1604788A (en) Means for supporting the diaphragm of a telephone transmitter or receiver
US1715344A (en) Arrangement for eliminating disturbances in sound signaling
US1537930A (en) Sound receiver, particularly for receiving sound waves in liquids
US1740651A (en) Ernst hxteter
US2958739A (en) Electroacoustic transducer