US1586373A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

e, B. MARKOE OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 11. 1924 s; Shets-Sheet 2 131 1221507 626F296 fi. iiia/fliroe Q hYM Patented May 25, 1926.

GEORGE E. MARKOE, or BRIGHTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

OIL B RNER."

Application filed September 11, 1924.. Serial No. 737,079.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners. More particularly it provides a burner for kerosene, furnace oil or other suitable oil, which is adaptable for domestic as well as industrial use, as for example in a house heating system. It'is an important feature of the invention to apply the vapor of water in connection with the vapor of oil so as to get anefiicient flame giving heat and free from smoke and from solid deposits in the apparatus. Itmay'be applied to burners heretofore proposed for such purposes using oil alone, in which case the apparatus ofcthe invention, by its ii -1 the lazy flame troduction of steam, converts of'the oil alone into a rather fierce flame, bluish and reddish in color.

In the apparatus of the invention vaporizer chambersare employed, which'may be simple closed sections of two inch pipe, separate chambers being provided for oil andfor water, with discharge connections byw which the oil and the water vapors unite, and are projected downward through a coil of small pipe holding oil vapor, and superheating the latter just before its discharge and combustion. The oiland the water are introduced to their respective Vaporizers, each by a small pipe which lets the liquid fall drop by dropnpon a which acting through the discharge pipe forces the oil and vapor into their mixture and into the flame.

The details of apparatus illustrative of the invention, and further principles of its construction andoperation, will appear in the description of one embodiment thereof which follows. It will be understood however that variations may be made in sundry respects without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended thatthe patent shall cover by suitable expression in the appended claims whatever features of patentable novelty exist in the invention disclosed.

In the accompanying drawings;

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly diagram-- matic, showing an embodiment of the invention resting above a grate such as may be found in an ordinary furnace that was designed for combustion of coal.

Figure 2 is a plan of the same.

Figure 3 is an elevation in section through a fragment of a vaporizing chamber, being great hot interior sur-- face of the vaporizer, generating pressure said starting burner.

the upper one. less. an inlet for construction shown in on the line 33 of Figure 2, on larger scale. I ,j Figured is an elevation in section through a portion of the delivery and combustion part of the apparatus, being on the line 4 l of Figure2. Y I T Figure 5 is an elevation in section through a part of theair supply and thecombustion arrangements,on the line 5-5 of Figure 2. Referring to the drawings, 10 indicates the wall of a furnace having a grate 11 which in the present. instance is used only as a support for masonry 12 that holds a horizontalpartition or internal sill 13 on which the baseportion 14 of the apparatus is set. This baseportion is an upward pas sage for air, as seen in Fig. 5. Air rising through it passes through tubes 15, of which there are four in the present case each arranged to conduct its air radially inward to the center and to discharge it downward through the opening 16, to feed the center of a flame of oil which has risen centrally to the same region through pipe 20. This oil from pipe 20 wells up through a small passage 22 in a spreader head 24k and flows outward over its gently descending surface,

burning as it goes, with the air from 16 above it supporting its combustion and with the products of combustion escaping from all sides through the spaces 25 which intervene between the said air supply tubes 15. The burner thus described is of a type already known to which the present invention may advantageously be" applied to improve the flame; or which may be associated with apparatus of the-invention for starting the latter into action as a burner by providing its necessary preliminary heating, after whichthe feed of oilto the above described burner may be shut oif.

In the embodiment illustrated the apparatus above described is surrounded by the vaporizer chambers 31, 32 and 33 which may conveniently "be made by' bending lengths of 2 inch pipe or other suitable each into an arc of a circle around the As represented, these are set one vertically over another, the middle one occupying about three-fourths of a circumference, the under one more and One end of each has oil fuel. or water, of which the Fig. 3 is typical, the inward axially size,

inlet pipe 36' projecting through the pipe at a slow rate, control-e lable by a needle valve (not shown) on its sup y line 40, drops occasionally as seen at i l from this inside end o1 the supply pipe The drops tallupon the hot wall of the vaporizer 33, and the resulting steampasses around through the'cliamber, becoming some what superheated and flows out through the small pipe 39 and is conducted thereby into the top middle of the burner first described where itdischarges downward over the opening 16 and mixesitssteam with the air enter ingthrough so that the-two together are present for the combustion of the oilwhich is simultaneously welling up through the pipe 20 and flowing over the'burner and spreader If it be desired, a single va porizer forwater such as this chamber 38 may thus be combined with a burner of the previously'known type above described with notable benefit in quality of flame, completeness of combustion,freedom from smoke and deposits, and with greater output of heat due to the pressure and other qualities which the steam-jet introduces. In this case for starting, the vaporizer 33 is first heated by the oil flame at'24 burning in air;;and after steam begins to be generated the combustion is continued atthis burner alone with aid ofthe steam. Or, before steam is generated, compressed air forced through the vaporizer becomes heated therein and by aiding the combustion hastens the time when steam can be helpful. Means for doing this is shown diagrammatically in Figure l where the water pipe 60 is represented as being supplied either from a sourceof water controlled by avalve 60 or supplied by a source of "air consisting of a tank 6O wherein air may be compressed by a pump 60 and from which air flows to the pipe 60 through a control valve 60".

However, the Vaporizers 31 and '32 may be employed to make a combustible mixture through another burner. In this case the lowest chamber 31 is a vaporizer for the oil fuel which enters as aliquid through asmall pipe corresponding to the supply pipe 4-0 and passes on as a vapor through the vaporizer and out through the discharge pipe 4:9 which is a small pipe arranged as a coil 51,]1avmg several convolutio'ns. From the last of these the oil vapor is conducted through pipe upward, laterally and downward, by as short a course as is convenient, to a T 53 whence itissues'through the discharge orburner tube 55by which its'fiame is projected down through the midst of the said coil 51. This flame may strike on tire brick or other spreader if desired. In the present drawings the representation of such is omitted but the flame is in line with the plate 26 which constitutes a spreader for the flame issuing from the first described burner through the opening 25. The flame shooting down through the coil 51 super-heats the vapor which is passing through that coil.

From the vaporizer chamber 82, steam which has entered as water through the supply pipe (30, corresponding to i0, issues through the discharge pipe 59 and enters the same T 53where it adds itself and its pressure to the oil vapor, going out with the latter through the burner 55 and'the flame therefrom, t

Then the vaporizers 32 and 33 have gotten sufliciently heated to be working, the flame in the burner 1% may be shut off or may be continued as may be desired. If it be desired to dispense entirely with the first mentioned burner l i, this may be done through'themeans of a priming ar rangement indicated at 69 whichrleads into the T 53 and into which oil may be introduced through the supplycpipe 70. This oil runs by gravity to the bottom of the burner and there burns in air alone, gradually heating the coil 51 and vaporizers 3 and lVhen they are sufliciently heated they come into action and the infeed oi' priming oil through 69 may be stopped. Any suitable valves (not shown) may be provided for controlling the several supplies.

The startingoperation oi the burner may be expedited by passing compressed air through either or both of the steam genera tors, in place of introducing water. Through suitableconnections air may be let into the water inlet 40 or 60, or both, from a small tank or compressor of air, for a few minutes. This hastens the flame, and heats the walls of the steam generator so that the air passing therethrough soon becomes heated air; and this further expedites the heating of the steam generator, instead of delaying it as the introduction otcold water does when the flame is new and small. hen well heated the air connection may be shifted to a water-supply connection. Such air may be conveniently held ready in a small tank, say of 30 ;allons capacity, at a pressure of 3050 pounds, from which a five minutes flow of a small stream will serve the above purpose without greatly reduci'ng the'supply. V

I claim as my invention:

1. An oil burner including an oil vapor generating chamber; meansfor supplying oil thereto; a discharge tube for the vapor there generated,.leading thence upward and thence directed downward toward the said generators for operating, the same byithe flame of the burner; and a preliminary oil rected downward through the superheatingl coil and within the curve oi the generating chamber.

An oil burner comprising separate gen ei'ator chambers from one of which there is a discharge passage of small diameter arranged in a helical course, and from the other of which there is a discharge passage joining the first mentioned discharge passage beyond the helix; the outlet from the joint discharge passage being directed backward placing the flame within said helix and toward the generator.

4;. An oil burner having an oil vapor generating chamber comprising a curved tube of large diameter extending through the greater part but not the whole of a circle; an adjacent similar tube, parallel thereto and substantially on the same axis, adapted for generating steam; connections ofjsinall diameter piping to each for inlet of liquid at its one end and for outlet of vapor at its other end, the inlet and outlet small piping passages being thus assembled on the one side where the circle is not continued; the two outlet pipes being joined; and their joint passage arranged to discharge the two vapors mixed therein through a small opening into unconfined air in the space surrounded by the curved chambers.

5. An oil burner having a vapor genera-t ing chamber comprising a curved tube of large diameter extending through the greater part but not. the Whole of a circle; a supe-rheating outlet passage therefrom of small pipe arranged in a small coil locates in the side where the circle is not continued, and a discharge from the superheat-ing coil directed downward through it in position to heat it and the generating tube.

ing

'6. An oil burner having a nozzle pointed downward for the discharge of oil to the flame and means torsupplying oil thereto for initial flame; combined with a vaporizchamber for oil and means for supplyng oil to it at a limited rate; a second chamber and means for sup 'ilying air to it under pressure; the said two chambers being positioned to be heated by the said initial flame and having discharge passages leading their contents to the flame; and means for supplying water to the second said chamber, for its vaporization to steam When said second chamber shall have become heated. V

'7. Oil burning apparatus comprising the combination of a burner with means to supply to it liquid oil and compressed air for combustion; a chamber through which the said air passes en route to the burner, so located as to be heated by the flame of the burner; and means to supply water to the said heated chamber for the making of steam therein for the flame; the said means for supplying liquidoil having apart ar ranged to deliver oil by gravity to the burner, and a part arranged to deliver oil to the burner by vaporization; said last mentioned part being arranged to be heated by the flame, of the gravity-delivered oil,

thereby to'initiate the said vaporization, and

to be heated by the flame of the vaporizationdelivered oil, thereby to continue the vaporization.

8. Oil burning apparatus comprising the combination eta burner with means to supply oil to two portionsof the apparatus, at one of which portions is a discharge opening for combustion of theoil supplied thereto, the whole being arranged for the flame thereof to heat the other said portion to which oil is supplied, and thus to vaporize and feed to the said flame by its own vapor pressure theoil so supplied to said other portion; a conduit for compressed air to the same said ilan'ie, havin a part heated by said flame; and means tosupply water in stead oiair to said conduit, whereby steam is supplied to the flame.

Signed at Boston, Massachusetts, this ninth day of September 1924.

GEORGE B. MAR'KOE.

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