US1489039A - Material tester - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. l,

earner ldmtl OSCAR C. MACK, OF ST. LOUIS, EISSURI.

TEATERIL TESTER.

.application filed November 1d, 1922. Serial No. $00,977.

f terial to determine admixture therein of vegetable ibers. Secondarily, the inventionh has for its object the conduct of a testing process in a rapid and efficient manner and With the destruction or damage of but a negligible quantity of material. Additionally, an object of the invention is to provide an economical type of apparatus for conducting tests such as hereinbefore suggested.

These and such other objects as may hereinafter appear are obtained by the novel constructions, combinations and arrangements hereinafter described.

A. single sheet of drawings accompanies and is made a part of this speciiication, and in said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section or my invention showing material under test therein; and

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the several parte thereof in disassembled relation.

lliilre reference characters are used to designate similar parts in the figures in the 1drawing and in the specilication which r'olows.

The test which l prefer to employ is a solubility test, hence l provide means for bringing a solvent into intimate and unobstructed contact With a fabric to be tested. While in the description that follows and in the drawing l refer to vessels of round or cylindrical configuration, these vessels could equally vvell be rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or other conventional shape.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be noted that l provide a receiving vessel 10, of suitable size and depth, generally cylindrical in form and having a flat apertured cover or top. lnto and about the aperture in the cover or top is secured a unnellilre or Haring neck 11 which is additionally secured to the vessel 10 by a handle 12, soldered or otherwise suitably fastened to both of said members 10 and 11.

A funnel-like member 13 comprising two connected sections of varying conifform configuration is also provided. The smaller of suchl sectionsk adapted to be freely inserted into and Within neck 11. A.' plurality of wedge collar rings 1li, tunnelslilre members of the same internal diameter but of a varying material thickness, are provided, any one of said collars or rings being adapted to engage the lower rim or extremity of funnel 13 and besecured thereupon by rict-ional engagement therewith. A tapering or oblique interior in said collars or rings aids in the procurement of a snug interit between said tunnel 13 and each of said rings, as used, and also prevents the collar slipping beyond the proper limitupon the funnel.

Each or the collars 14 should be of spun brass or steel while the receiver 10 and the funnel 13 may be of light tinned material. Collars 14, used one at a time as indicated, are selected in accordance With the thick ness of the material to be tested,the thinner the material the thicker the collar. No collar 14 is too large, however, for free insertion into the neck 11 When seated upon funnel 13.

ln order that a test shall be made, l iirst out @E a small square 15 of the material to be treated. This l place, unwrinlrled, across the top of neck l1. Upon this l rest funnel 13 to which is trictionally attached wedge-collar la of proper Weight and diameter. rlhe collar 1e causes the fabric 15 to be drawn securely and tightly across the top ci neel; 11 and insures an even distribution of test liquid therethrough. l am now ready to pour a solvent or test liquid into funnel 13. Having prepared the solvent which l elect to use, l pour a layer or about two inches thereof upon the material 15, Which is of course visible from the top of funnel 13.

Cloth is composed of Warp yarns and Woot yarns. The Warp yarns include the threads running With the material its length, while the Woof yarns compose the liller or cross section. rllhe test liquid, after being poured upon the fabric 15, Will slowly lter therethrough, and in this vmovement Will dissolve out all Woolen and silken threads in the yarns. Cotton and other vegetable materials, being insoluble therein, are not disturbed by the passage ot the test liquid.

lThere can be little or no escape oit the test solvent beyond the outer diameter oi the Wedge collar let, for said collar, by its Weight resting` upon the tested materia-h arrests capillary absorption of the solvent beyond the boundary indicated, coi'iiining` the test to a limited area with the resultant, saving of time and solvent.

rThe constitutents ot the material l5 will determine the character oit' the actionV ot the solvent as it proceeds to iilter therethrough. lf the iizaterial l5 is all viool, all silk, or a mixture ol silk and Wool, a 'rouiii'l or substantially round hole will be dissolved out of or eaten"`y into the material. llut it either Warp yarn, or Woef yarin or both.y contain cotton or ether vegetable liber. such vegetable fibers will not be dissolved and a series of connected threads vfill exte d across the tested circle otherwise eateir away by the solvent. Such threads and'their direction Will sta-nd out predominantly, being; made particularly'so by the dissolution oi the previously contiguous and intertvf ed Woolen or sill( threads.

rine rapidity with which the spurious cotton i'ibers becoine visible, and the clearness with which they are vvisualized allow the test to be properly designated a visible77 test. rl`he presence ineenstoi the smallest quantity oit cotton liber is ahnost instantly apparent.

`VJhere thematerial tested is all cotton5 the test liquid here described ivill have no etect upon it other than to discolor the material, as cotton iibers are insoluble in the test solution described.

For the purposes of rapid test, lind that solution or" freshly prepared tlalied caustic soda V(76% strength) iu the proportion of one ounce ot soda to one pint et boiling "'ater gives highly elli-cient anu enlightenine results.r and for that reason such soluto be recenunended, although it is i that niy apparatus may be used al facility with any ether solvent.

i a g apparatus for cloth, conecting vessels having conical sections adapted to telesce Je one Within the other, and a plurality of rings of uniform internal diameter and et varying thicknesses of inaterial adapted to be secured to the conical section cf ene vessel prior to its insertion into the second. vessel, the cloth to be tested eine disposed upon the conical section ot he second Vessel and determining the thickof the ring to be selected.

OSCAR C. MACK.

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