US1486075A

US1486075A - Calcttlatob

Info

Publication number: US1486075A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1924-03-04
Anticipated expiration: 1941-03-04

Description

March 4 1924.`

J. s. cRAlN CALCULATOR Filed sept. 12

1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,gli

INVENTOR. Cram AT ORNEYS.

J. S. CRAIN March 4, 1924.`

CALCULATOR 'Filed sept. 12, 1922 eZ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 JN VEN TOR.

A T l RNEYS.

Patented Mn. 4, 1924.

UNITED STATESK PATENT QFFICE.

.runs s. cnam, or m. nso, rms.

uncommon. I

Application led September 12, 1982. Serial lb: 587,775.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES S. GRAIN, a citizen of the United States, residin at- El Paso, in the county'of El Paso and tate of Texas, have invented new and useful Improvements in Calculators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in calculators, and the general object of the invention is to provide a simple, convenient and readily understood type of calculator by means of which instantaneous results in the solvin of certain problems may be Secured, witout the necessity of lengthy and involved fi uring.

Specifica ly stated, the objectA of the invention is to provide a ready calculator for the use of merchants or others whereby mayl be accurately and instantly calculated, first, the amount at which articles bought at a certain price per dozen should be sold in order to realize a `certain percentage of profit based on the selling price; second, the cost per article'of any certain number of articles bought at a certain price per dozen, enabling the unit cost price to be obtained for inventory or other pur oses; and, third, an arrangement whereby, or convenience in marking goods; the cost and selling prices may be obtained as Well as profit percentage,

all in a readily apparent manner.

The invention consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangement o'f parts, hereinafter fully described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Fi ure 1 is a side elevation of a form of calcuator embodying my invention. l

Figure 2 is a view of one of the indicat-l in blades or rules.

igure 3 is a vertical section through one end of the calculator.

Figure 4 is an end elevation of the calculator.

Fi ure 5 is a view of the indicating blade or ru e illustrated in Figure 2, showing more fully the indicia thereon.

Figure 6 is a plan view of the indicator sheet bearing the calculating tables outspread.

Figure 7 is a view of the other indicating blade or rule.

In the form of my invention herein disclosed, I provide a supporting frame comprising upright end pieces 1 connected by one or more base or bottom pieces 2 and also by

longitudinal side pieces

3 and 4, which side pleces 3 and 4 serve also as fixed indicating members, as hereinafter described. Supported by the frame is a rotary drum or cy inder 5 provided at each end with a journal 6 terminating in an actuating knob or 'handle 7. The journals 6 pass through and turn in openings 8 in the end pieces 1 whereby the drum or cylinder 5 is mounted to revolve.

On the periphery of the drum or cylinder are two charts or tables 9 and 10, the chart or table 9 bein continuous, while the chart or table 10 is, or convenience, divided into two

sections

11 and 12, to adapt the indicia thereon to be roperly disposed and arranged within t e described s ace allowed. The chart or table 9 is mova le by rotating the drum or cylinder with relation to the cooperating fixed indicator 3, while the chart or table 10 is movable by rotatingthe drum or cylinder for cooperation with the fixed indicator 4.

The indicating member 3 is in the form of a rule or blade bearing thereon a transverse Space 13 containing the heading No of units, and also bearlng thereon a longitudinal space 14 sub-divided by transverse lines into column heading spaces bearing certain numerals, as shown, representing prices per dozen in various amounts from 1.5 to $5.00. The rule also preferably bears certain directions, hereinafter referred to, in explanation of how it should be used, as an example, in connection with the table or chart 9 for making calculations.

The table or chart 9 extends approximately along and around one half the circumference ofthe drum or cylinder 5 and is (provided with ruled lines forming longitu inal and transverse (circumferential) columns. At one end of the chart is a trans# verse column 15 bearing the numerals from 1 to 23, inclusive, representing units, and these units are arranged in parallel relation to and alined with other columns 16 arranged both longitudinally and circumferential y to cooperate respectively with the fixed indicator 3 and the numerals of column 15. The said columns` 16 contain numerals, expressed in whole numbers and decimally or otherwise, replresenting units cost figures, based u on t e cost price per dozen, ex- Pledv y the figures 1n the head columns 11i, ci articles the number of which are expressed b the numerals in the column 15. .si rst le t-hand transverse column, for example, cooperates with the first head space containing the figure .15 of indicator 3 and contains figures, arranged 1n the spaces thereof opposite the numerals in column 15, expressing the cost price, at the rate 15 a dozen, of any certain number of art1cles expressed by a numeral in the column 15 lyinc opposite the adjacent numeral 1n the said rst column 16. Thus, for example, the cost price of four articles or umts, as expressed by numeral 4 in column 15, at the rate of 15e per dozen is given bythe figure .05, lying opposite the numeral 4 in the first column 16.

The fixed and

movable indicators

3 and 9 are rovided to enable a merchant to in stent y calculate the value of any certain number of units or articles bought at the rate of a certain sum. r dozen. On the face of the indicating gleade 3 appears explanatory directions indicating the mode of use or the indicators for such purpose. According to this, it will be seen that if it should be desired to ascertain the value of seventeen articles which cost $2.25 per dozen, the cylinder is turned until the numeral 17 in column 9 is brought into registry with an edge of the blade 3 opposite column 13, and t en by reference to the figure in the sub-'division of that column 16 registering with $2.25 of scale ift, and whichalines transversely with column numeral 17, it will be found that the correct value of the seventeen units or articles is expressed by the figures 3.18%, or $3.19. In thismanner the value of any certain number of articles costing at the rate of so much )erdozen, as expressed by the figures in the column 14: oi' indicator 3, may be instantly and accurately determined, and, of course, it will be understood that the cost per dozen figures and the gures on the chart 9 may be calculated to express the value of any number of articles at any range of cost per dozen prices which may be suited to any particuf lar kind of business.

The chart 10 occupies the other half of the circumference of the drum or cylinder and the chart section 12 constitutes a continuation or prolongation of the chart section 11, the chart 10 being thus arranged in sections in order that the available space 'may be utilized to the best. advantage, so that a drum or cylinder of excessive size will not be required. The

chart sections

11 and 12 are sub-divided by vertical and transverse lines into longitudinal and transverse columns and spaces. In the spaces at the top of the chart section 11 are numerals, decimally expressed, to represent cost prices per dozen, the range bein' from .10 to .65, While 1n the spacges across t e top of chart section 12 are similar figures carrying the cost per dozen price range from .70 to $3.25. Be ow the numerals in the chart sections 10 appear decimally expressed rows of numerals which fall in columns under the head spaces containing the price per dozen figures, and which also are arranged in transverse alinementso as to form transverse columns.

The fixed scale or indicator 4, like the indicator 3, comprises a blade or rule, and this blade or rule is adapted for cooperation with the

chart sections

11 and 12. The face of the blade 4 is provided with two scales for cooperation respectively with the

chart sections

11 and 12. The scales are alike in character, each containing numerals in multiples of five from 5- to 50, which are arranged to aline with transverse rows of decimally expressed numerals in the chart sec tion -opposite which the scale appears.

Above each scale appears a head space containing the words Cost per doz. which registers with the transverse row of cost per dozen numerals in the opposite chart section, and between said head space and the scale is an indicating heading for the scale consisting of the words Cost per unit. The head row of transverse numerals of the chart sections re resent, as stated, cost per dozen gures, an zontal and transverse rows of the chart sections represent sums at which units or articles, costing so much per dozen, should be sold in order to realize certain percentages of profit expressed by the numerals on the fixed indicator scale. The indicator 4 bears directions explanatory of the mode of use of this partl of thedevice. Thus supposing Van article costing $3.50 per dozen is to be sold at arofit of 25%. To calculate the price at w ich the article is to be sold, the cylinder is turned until the proper cost per dozen figure in the head column of chart section 11 or chart section 12, chart section 11 in the present instance, registers with the proper percentage numeral on the indicator 4, from which it will be seen that the amount at which the article should be sold is expressed by the figures .0389, In this example the numeral 35 is advanced a decimal point and mentally read at $3.50, and the resultant .0389 will be advanced similarly a decimal point so as to read .389, or 39. While the cost per dozen numerals are, for convenience, expressed in a certain way, it is to be understood that these numerals, and similarly the numerals giving the results in the underlying columns, may be decimally shifted one or more points forwardly or backwardly so as to varyl their calculating ratio accordingly, which may be very conveniently carried out by the operator, allowing the range of calculation to be extended to a large degree without using long tables. 'In the manner described the the numerals in the horii' merchant may easil and quickly figure the exact amount at w ich any article, costing so much per dozen, should be soldl in order to realize a certain percentage of rofit.

One of the percentage scales of t e indicator 4 is shown as rovided with indicatin characters, in the orm of the alphabetica letters from A to J inclusive, arranged opite the. percentage lnumerals therein. ese letters ma be used as code marks for marking pro t percentages on the price tickets attached to the articles to be sold,

so that the merchant or his assistant can'y determine at a glance the amount of profit which will be realized from the sale over the sale price given thereon. These code letters may be used with the resultant calculating. fi ure of the proper chart section to enab e the merchant to mark his price tickets so that they will ive aty a glance first the selli price of t e article and then confidential y the cost price per dozen of the article and the marked percentage of the profit. Thus, for instance,

if the merchant wishes to sell shirts costingv $8.50 per dozen at a profit of he can determine by reference tothe scale under .85 that the unit selli price is given at .1287, indicating that t e shirts should be sold at the rate of $1.28 each. B placing this 'sale or retail price on the sa es ticket, followed by the figure .85 and code letter B, the merchant can read at a glance the facts as stated, that the shirts cost him $8.50 per dozen and that in selling them at $.28 each, he isrealizing a figured profit o 45%.

From the foregoin description, taken in connection with the rawings, .the construe-g tion and mode of use of m 1m roved calculator will be readily understo and it will be seen that the invention provides a device of, this character of great convenience and value to merchants in enabling a merchant to instantly determine, for lnvento'ry or other purposes, the value of any certain articles of a kind at a cost price per dozen, and. also to enable 'him to determine the prices at lwhich he should sell articles costing so much per dozen in order to realize a certain percentage of profit, enabling goods to be quickly marked, calculations made for reductions at any time when desired or required, and an inventory made without referring to old bills or accounts transversely disposed co versely dis units reference column and member having a trans-V amount a longitudinally disposed column of figures subdivided into transverse columns containing the various figures, and a movable indicating memberbearing a chart havi a umn of figuresnor cooperation with the units designating )column of the fixed indicator and havin columns of figures subdivided into longitudinal andtransverse rowsin registering alinement respectively with the` figures in the units column of said movable indicating member and with the figures in the subdivisions of the longitudinal column of the fixed indicating member. y

2. A calculator comprising a frame, a fixed indicating member at one side of the frame having a transversely disposed units designating column and a lon 'tudinally disposed column of figures subdivided into transverse s aces separatingsaid figures from each ot er, a fixed indicating member at the opposite side of the frame having separate columns of similar character provided with transversely disposed figures therein, and al movable indicating member having a main chart for cooperation with the first-named fixed indicator and provided with a transverse column bearing units desi ations andl columns offigures subdivi ed into longitudinal and transverse rows for cooperaton with the units soA l l figures and the figures 4in the subdivided co umn of said' first-vnamed'fixedl Scale, and a pair of transversely disposed charts for cooperation with the respective columns of the sec.-

`,ond-named fixed indicator, said charts having transversely arranged head spaces contalning figures of pro ively lncreasin values and columns o figures subdivid VNinto lo 'tudinal and transverse rows for cooperation with said gures in the head columns and with the res of the respective-scales on the moon -named fixed indicator.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JAMES S. GRAIN.