US2092268A - Calculator - Google Patents

Description

J. QUIJANO Sept. 7, 193 7.

CALCULATOR Filed May 2, 1929 Patented Sept. 7, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE In Mexico 3 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in arithmetical calculators, and the objects of my improvements are toprovide a very simple, compact and cheap calculator for arithmetical calculations.

The calculator consists principally in a new combination of multiplication tables, an adding mechanism and intermediate movable markers for indicating the cooperation or correspondence between said tables and adding mechanism.

With the foregoing and other objects in View which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction y hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, may be made within the scope of what is claimed, Without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a view of the calculator with its left end broken away; Fig. 2 is a complete view of the same calculator; Fig. 3 shows the three identical multiplication tables printed around the core I, and Fig. 4 is a cross section of the calculator through the ring, C, represented in Fig. 2.

Three small rotatable tubes, D, are mounted loosely on a hollow stem or core I, each tube bearing the Pythagoras multiplication table, E, so that, by rotating the tubes, D, the three following lines or rows of products or multiples of the three corresponding digits 3, 7, 9, are seen in one line as shown in Figs. 1 and 2: 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 24 27, 07 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63, and 09 18 27 36 35 45 54 63 72 81.

These three rows of products corresponding to the three iigures 3, 7, 9 of a multiplicand 379, are seen through a longitudinal slot F, of a sliding tube G, which may slide over the said three Pythagoras tables.

Pins H fixed on the stem or hollow core I and projecting through the slot F, prevent the sliding tube G from turning with respect to the core I.

Along the border of the slot, F, there are three identical series of factors J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9, 123456789and123456789andbymoving the sliding tube G, the nine numbers of each of said series J may be brought respectively in front of the corresponding nine columns of any of the three Pythagoras Tables E. The pins H, engaging with notchesK, cut in the border of the slot F, aid in keeping the tube G in the right position.

Three rotatable rings, A, B, C, are mounted loosely on the sliding tube G. By moving the rings A, B, C, along the tube G, they maybe May s, 192s (c1. 2st-a7) placed, for instance, as in the Figs. 1 and 2, immediately at the right of numbers 8, 4, 6, found along the border of the slot F, and corresponding respectively to the three columns containing the products of the digits 8, 4, 6, considered in the reversed order of the figures 6, 4, 8, for instance, of the multiplier 648.

Now for multiplying the multiplicand 379 by the multiplier 648, as illustrated by Fig. 1, immediately at the left of the ring C, the product 72 is read; take 2 as units of the total product 379x648 and carry 7 to what corresponds to the next or second position shown in Fig. 2, and obtained by moving the sliding tube G.

In this second position, immediately at the left of the two rings C, B, 56 and 36 are read, and by adding together these two numbers and the carried 7, the sum 99 is obtained; take 9 as tens for the total product 379x648 and carry 9 to what corresponds to the next or third position.

In this third position, not shown in the drawing, the three rings C, B, A, are in the same relative position as the letters c, b, a, in the following diagram:

03...21,24,C 07...21,28,b 09...45,54,a

By adding together the three numbers 24, 28, 54, seen immediately at the left side of the letters c, b, a, and the carried 9, the sum 115 is obtained; take 5 as hundreds for the total product 379x648, and carry 11 to what corresponds to a fourth position not shown in the drawing.

In this fourth position the three rings are in the same relative position as the letters c, b, a in the following diagram:

C...03,06,09,12.b.... 0'7...35,42a...

By adding together the two numbers 12, 42 found immediately at the left of letters b, a, and the carried ll, the sum 65 is obtained; take 5 as thousands for the total product 379x648, and carry 6 to what corresponds to a fth position.

In this iifth position, the rings are in the same relative position as the letters c, b, a, in the following diagram:

cb03...15,18a

' By adding together the number 18 at the left of the letter a and the carried 6, the sum 24 is obtained as ten thousands for the total product 379 648, and in such a manner the total product 245592, of 379 by 648, is completed.

As the rings A, B, C, are graduated with equally spaced digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, all said additions are made by rotating the rings, since by moving a point of any ring from alignment with O graduation of a Xed scale, U, at the right end of the calculator, into alignment with graduation '7, for instance, of the same scale, 7, is thereby added. Of course the operator carries with his own fingers from any ring to next ring of higher denomination. After adding successively several digits the resulting sum or total is read or found in the points of the rings reaching the line correspondingto O of said reference scale U.

The form of the rings as well as the cross section of the sleeve G, are preferably like the form of the letter C, the elasticity of rings and sleeve The elasticity of the pins H and th tube or permits the operator to overcome the resistance or opposition of thev pins by pushing momentarily the tube G, with his hand. A spring R xed on the core I acting through a cord S, attached at T to the sliding tube G, completes the moving of the tube G to next position.

More pins can be provided for other intermediate positions of the slidable tube, G for instance, to markjseparately and successively the tens 3 and the units 2 of the product 32 with two respec-y tive positions of the tube G instead of marking simply 32v with only one position of the tube as abovefshown.

Thennumer'als on the border of the slot F of the tube G are very useful but they can be omitted, since they are not necessary for seeing and recognizingnthrrough the slot any selected columns of the multiplication tables.

The slidable tube G is detachable according to the drawing and can be omitted and the multiplication tables, then instead of being revoluble or rotatable, can be absolutely fixed permanently and relatively to each other in the order shown in Fig. v3, and the sliding rings once being placed according to the figures of a multiplicand, will no more be moved during a whole multiplication, and all products corresponding to any figure of any multiplier are read in one corresponding hori- Zontal or longitudinal line, Fig. 3, and in columns marked with the rings and corresponding respectively to the figures of thev multiplicand. For instance, to ymultiply 648 by 37 9 after having marked the columns 6, 4 and 8, with the rings, then in said columns Fig. 3 the following products are found:

In line 9 the products by 9, viz: 54, 36, 72 In line 7 the products by 7, viz: 42, 28, 56 In line 3 the products by 3, viz: 18, 12, 24

All these rproducts are added together in the well known order and manner of any ordinary multiplication. I have shown only three tables, three rings etc., but there can be a larger or smaller number of same tables, rings, etc., and the rings can be more or less numerous than the tables as well as the figures of a multiplicand can be more or less numerous than the figures of a multiplier.

The addition ofthe marked products for obtaining the totalr product are also made by giving proportional corresponding movements to another inner adding slidable tube L, provided with indentations or notches, M, into which the finger nail of the operator is engaged, through an opening or window N, made in the left end of the core and provided with the reference indexes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9, so that, for instance, 7 is added by moving a point of the inner adding tube from index 7 to line O. The sum or result is read in the scale or lgraduation 0, l, 2, 3, 4 etc., printed between the notches or indentations M of the totalizing tube L.

Within the adding inner tube is placed or adapted a pencil, a measuring scale, a slide rule or any other similar thing.

As a very important feature of the combination, different colors are given to the longitudinal or horizontal lines of the multiplication tables, and also preferably to the rings.

I have described the best form of my device and the best procedure for using it according to the cross multiplication described in school books.

But I have also disclosed other simpler forms which are involved therein and may sometimes be preferred on account of its greater simplicity.

Of course any part of my device can be shaped and arranged differently within the scope of my claims.

For instance the calculating device can consist only of an inexpensive strip of cardboard and pieces wound around such strip so as to embrace it as the rings in the drawing embrace the core. Evenl in this simple form, the elementary products of any multiplication can be marked in the most convenient order. No other calculating device has attained this very useful result with such simplicity. This simplicity is the principal object and the principal merit of my invention. This simplicity after being known, seems obvious; but it is not obvious, because it has escaped too many intelligent inventors during centuries. There are other patented inventions which are constituted by more complicated and costly means serving only to mark selectively and successively products in a multiplication table, only one at each time.

Of course the rings or markers must be pieces separate and independent from each other only so far as to permit that each can mark independently and selectively any column of the multiplication tables. Besides serving as slidable markers and necessary adding members they serve also to register any number for instance, by moving three rings the three figures of 379 can be seen in one line and respectively in the periphery of the three rings.

l What I claim is:

1. In a calculator, a plurality of cylinders axially and rotatably arranged and each having factorial numerals displayed thereon, a sleeve slidably mounted on said cylinders and having a slot therein through which factorial numerals on the cylinders are visible, and the sleeve provided with groups of factorial numerals adjacent to said slot and adapted to aline with numerals visible through said slot, the number of said groups corresponding to the number of the cylinders aforesaid, said cylinders and sleeve being relatively rotatable.

2. In a calculator, a core member, a plurality of cylinders arranged end to end on said core and independently rotatable thereon, said cylinders each having a plurality of rows of factorial numerals displayed thereon, a sleeve slidably mounted on said cylinders and having a longitudinal slot therein through which a row of factorial numerals on each cylinder is visible, and the sleeve provided with groups of factorial numerals adjacent to said slot and adapted to aline with numerals visible through said slot, the number of said groups corresponding to the number of the cylinders aforesaid.

3. In a calculator, a core member, a plurality of cylinders arranged end to end on said core and independently rotatable thereon. said cylinders each having a plurality of rows of factorial numerals displayed thereon, a sleeve slidably mounted on said cylinders and having a longitudinal slot therein through which a row of factorial numerals on each cylinder is visible and notches in the sleeve communicating with said slot, pins on `ing to the number of the cylinders aforesaid.

JORGE QUIJANO.

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