US1403766A

US1403766A - Apparatus for making concrete piles

Info

Publication number: US1403766A
Application number: US126241A
Authority: US
Inventors: John S Gillies
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-10-18
Filing date: 1916-10-18
Publication date: 1922-01-17
Anticipated expiration: 1939-01-17

Description

Patented Jan'. 17, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Swwwloz J. S. GILLIES. APPARATUS' FOR MAKING CONCRETE PILES. l APPLICATION FILED ocT. Ia. |916. IIEIIEWED. MAY Ia. 1921. 1,403,766.

J. S. GILLIES. Y APPARATUS FOB MAKING CONCRETE PILES. APPLICATION 11.50 ocr. 1-8. 191s. RENEwEn MAY 18. 1921.

Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEETZ.

Il. Il .Il

3 n'wMO/a lllllfrl;

l lil? J. S. GILLIES.

` APPARATUS FOR MAKING CONCRETE PILES. APPLICATION FILED ocT. la. 191e. RENEWED MAY18.1921.

+i- SHEETS-SHEET 3. 7 59 Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

la. s. GILLIES. APPARATUS ron MAmNG coNcnEE mss, APPLICATION FILED OCT. I8, '|916- RENEWED MAY` IB. |92|| 1,403,766. Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- MWW.

J. S. GILUES. APPARATUS FOR MAKING CONCRETE PILES. PPLIC 1,403,766.

ATON FILED OCT. I8, 1916. RENEWED MAY 18. 1921- 5 SHkETS-SHEET 5.

Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

UNITED STATES" JOHN S. GILLI'ES. 9F BROOKLYN, NEW' YORK.

APPARATUS FOR MKNG CONCRETE PILES.

Application led ctohen, 1916, Serial No. 1%,24L

molding concrete piles in situ.

The object of my invention is to provide a metallic shell that may he driven with certainty and withdrawn from the ground after it is lilledk with concrete. A further object is to provide a suitable mandrel to drive such a shell.

To accomplishthese objects l provide a metallic shell split longitudinally Jrom end i to end, the edges oi the splitportion being turned inwardly to forni flanges. Normally the shell is open, and is closed against spring action, the purpose of which is to keep the ground in place around the opening and to facilitate withdrawal ot the shell alter it is filled with concrete. A mandrel to co operate with the shell isinsei'ted'therein and is'provided with means for lirmly holding together the interior flanges and the same time expanding its sides so as to contact with and support the entire interior surface of the shell during the driving. `in driving this shell with a mandrel or" such char. eter, compression from without is not only provided against, but also the liability of the mandrel to slip within theshell, which is impossible when the int ri r flanges or the latter are rigidly held from end to end. Devices for pulling the kshell vided.

My invention is illustrated inthe drawings, in which l is a perspective view of the shell in closed position, tie lower portion being broken away; Fig. 2 is a similar view of the shell in open position; 3 is a longitudinal section of the shell and mandrel; Fig. 4: is a top view or the driving head; Fig. 5 is a k*Lew ci"i the shell in section and the mandrel and head in elevation, the mandrel being in contracted position; Fig. 6 is an elevational view oi the shell, with driving head and point attached, and showing in dotted lines parts or" mandrel; Fig. 7 is a section on the 7-7 Fig. 6; Figure 7?' is an enlar of part oi the section shown in F Specification of Letters Patent.

are also pro- Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

Renewed May 18, 1921. Serial No. 470,608.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section, with z broken portion, on lines 88 Fig. 7, one o'. the wedges heilig' shown and the mandrel being in expanded position; Fig. 9 is a similar view with; the parts in contracted position; Fig. 19 is a perspective ot the top voreion or ne iastmentioned wedge, Fig. ll is a similar view of the inside holding-plate for said wedge showing the upper part o the wedge in oross-section; Fig. l2 is a perspective view of another wedge, shown in Fig. 7, cooperating with the wedge shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9, l() and l1; Fig. 13 is a perspective view ot the inside holding plate for the wedge shown in Fig. 12; Fig. lll is a sectional view ot the lower portion olf the mandrel; Fig. 15 is a top view oit a detail: Fig. 16 is a modified forni ot the. shell shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 17 is a view partly in section and partly of the shell and mandrel, with driving head and driving point, hut with some oi the details omitted; 1S is an elevational view of a modification of the wedge shown in Figs. 8 and 9; Fig. 19 is an elevation-.il view oi parts used in driving a short shell and also snowing guides on the driving head for the leaders ot the pile driver to set in, omitted in other figures; Fig. 19a is a plan view o'j the head and guides; Fig. is a perspective of parts shown in Fig. 19; Fig. 2l is a perspective of a device attached to the top ot a shell `for pulling the latter from the Ground when i'illed with concrete, the lower end of the shell heing hioken away; Fig., .22 is a similar view oi parts shown in Fig. 21; Fig. 23 is atop view oi another niodiiication of the shell shown in Figs. 1 and 2, together with another form oi' mandrel; Fig. 24 is a detached top view of the mandrel shown in Fig. 23; Fig. top view or the saine mandrel in a h ouai shell: Fig. 2S is perspective view the parts shown in Fig. 23, showing one section partly removed from the r r id l; Fig. 27 is a sectional view oi the di shoe used in connection widi the mandrel last referred to; and Fig. 28 is a longitudinal section of said mandrel, with the lower por tion broken away, and showing a driving head connected thereto. Fig. i9 is still another form or' an expanding mandrel.

Referring to the drawings in detail, and more especially to Figs. l and 2, l represents the driving shell, which is, preferably,

.in elevation slightly tapered, and 2 the flanges formed by the Vlongitudinal division of the shell and turning inwardly the edges along the same. In Fig. 2 these flanges are shown released and the shell slightly expanded, due to the spring action of the shell, it having a tendency to open when its flanges are not confined. 8 indicates a tongue or strap of metal riveted, preferably, on the interior of the shell and, passing through the junction of the flange with the side of the shell, is adapted to enter an opening at 4 at the junction of the other flange with the. other side of the shell, thus preventing longitudinal movement of one side of the shell relatively to the other side. lt is o vious that if such a shell is securely held by its flanges to a mandrel during driving it will be held more rigidly than would be possible even by an expanded mandrel in a shell without such flanges.

The preferred formof mandrel designed te cooperate with the shell just described is illustrated in Figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, `14, 15, 17 and 19, wherein 5 is an I beam detachably connected to the shoe 6. The latter is slotted at 6C' as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6, to permit the flanges of the outer shell to be run therethrough into position on the mandrel and it is also 'centrallv bored at. 7 for the pin 8 which has a threaded nut 9 at its lower' end entering a recess at the lower end of the bored opening 7 the lower Vend of pin 8 being screw-threaded for the reception of the nut 9.V Pin 8 is split at its upper end to receive the web of the I beam to which it is connected by bolt 10. The beam is selected not only for its ability to withstand driving strains, but also, on account of its shape, to keep the parts in position. The nut 9 is provided at the lower end of pin 8 so that the pin S may be firs ronnected at its split or bifureated upper end with the web of the Lbeain and the shoe 6 then placed in position thereon, nut 9 being then screwed onto the lower end of thepin 8 to hold yit there. noted in this connection that the driving shell 1 includes, at its lower end, a cap which, Vwhen the mandrel is in condition for use, encloses the shoe 6 and extends, at its upper end, beyond the same Vinto meeting 'engagement with the lower edge of the main body of the-shell 1. One purpose of this cap is to prevent the entrance of earth into the lower end of the mandrel 'orY the 'opening 7 in the slice 6, and the purpose of the meeting engagement between the cap andthe main portion of the shell is to provide for a smooth outer surface on the shell 1 so that the downward movement of the latter will not be resisted bythe earth through which it Y passes. The cap also encloses the lower end ofthe leaves l11 and 11', hereinafter described,r of the mandrel and thereby, and by `are indicated in whole as 14, 14.

lt shouldV be.

reason of its engagement with the shoe 5, aids the pin 8 in centering said shoe, or properly positioning it, with relation to said leaves and other parts of the mandrel.

The outer wall of the mandrel is cylindrical, and is divided into two semi-circular members or leaves 11, 11. The leaf 11 has an inwardly turned flange 12 forming a jaw for a gripping device which will hereinafter be described. The inwardly-turned flange 12 `has a right-angled top portion 13 fitting into the recess of the I beam.l As expanded the mandrel is shown in dotted `lines in Fig. 8 and as contracted in dotted lines in Fig. 9, the movement ofthe outer wall being effected principally by means of wedges.

The wedges are, preferably, two in number, although kthere may be further divisions of the parts if desired. The wedges are clearly shown in cross-section in Fig. 7, and One of the wedges, 14s is shown in elevationin the sectional views of Figs. 8 and 9, and in Fig. 12 is a perspective viewy ofthe other wedge, 14. The wedge 14, shown in Figs. 8 and 9, is compound, being compose'd'of a series of individual wedges having'y the shape of a cone in section, indicated at 15 in the drawings. Extending along each side of thev wedge 14 are a series of wings 16 16 bearing against the sides of thewedges 15. Ylt c `will be noted that these wings extend `only aboutseven-eighths of the lengthof the wedges, leaving' a space between the bottom of the wings 'and theV top of the adjoining wedges to permit the wedges to rise from the position shonfn in Fig. 8 to Ithat shown in Fig. 9. In the upper one of the. series lof in? dividual wedges are diverging

slots

17, 17, and in the lower of thefseries are-similar slots, 1S, 1S. In each ofthe slots referred to and movable therein isa bolt V19 projecting from the leaves 11, 11of the mandrel, into the inner plate hereinafter referred to, to which it is positivelyfixed. It maybe vstated generally that downward vmovement of the individua] wedges along thev sides of the wings tends to expand the outer wall of the mandrel, while the downward movement of thebolts in thel slots just. referred to' tends to contract the s`ame,`as will herein!

V

7 and 11. YThis. plate is securely bolted to the outer leaves 11, 11', and this is done'so as not to interfere with the movements of either the wedge or .outer leaves, by providing slots in connection with the boltholes where necesy to permit movement yof the-parts as ded. ln F 7, '8, 9 and 11; there is shown a bracket 21 having the. forinofa channel iron. one end of which, 21', -abuts the outside of the wings 16 and assists irl-holding them-and CIR the Wedge in place, and the other end encloses the inner plate 20. rlhis bracket 21 is bolted to the outside leaf 11 by bolt 22 which has movement in the slot 23 in the inner plate, as shown in Fig. 11.-

The outer leaf 11, the series of' Wings 1G and the inner plate 2O are connected positively by bolts, one of which is shown at 25. In the construction shown in Fig. 11 the

bolts

19, 19 also extend through the inner plate, and a slot 26 in the inner plate permitting movement therein of the bolt 19', secured by nuts and Washers, makes it possible for the parts to expand, as will hereinafter more fully appear. This au rangement of bolts, and slots is repeated in the case of each individual Wedge. A lip 27 extends from the top of the Wedge 14 at right angles to the side, as shown in Fig. 10, with bolt-holes 28, the purpose of the lip being to liit the Wedge, through connections between it and the head when the mandrel is lifted by the head. The connections between the lip and head will hereafter be described.

The form et the Wedge just described may7 be varied, as shown in Fig. 18, lWhere there is shown a Wedge With straight inclined sides, intended to cooperate with guides with similar sides. The bolts 19 19 in the slots 18 act in all respects the same as those in the wedge above described.

The other Wedge, 14, is shown in cross section in Fig. 7 and in perspective in Fig. 12. It has a poi-tion 28 forming they seg` nient of a circle and a portion 29 at rio'ht angles thereto. The last named portion has tivo

vertical slots

30, 31, indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 12. On the opposite side it has individual Wedges`32 and tivo longitudtnally extending inclined slots 33. It also has a lip 34 at its top extending at right angles to its side. The lip is provided with bolt-holes 34.v The purpose Vof this lip, like the one on the Wedge 14, is to lift the wedge through connections between it and the head when the mandrel is lifted by the head, as will hereinafter more Jfully appear. Y fr Bearing inmind that the Wedge 14 has for its object the shifting of the outer leat 11, it may be stated that the purpose of this Wedge, 14, is to bear more eirectly upon the iianges of the outer shell by means ci an element interposedbetween the two, which latter Willnoiv be described.

A. pair of jaws is formed for gripping the inwardly extending anges oi' the outer shell by a piece of structural iron-or steel L shaped in cross-section and'corresponding to and-'co'acting with the part 12 of the outer leaf 11. This L lshaped member or jaw is indicated in the drawings at 12 andv with the other jaw, 12,'resembles the letter T. Between the

jaws

12 and 12 is a small tapered or Wedge shaped member 36, and the eiaws and tapered member are connecte-1l by doivels 37 in such manner that the 3ans will rock on the member 3G and grip the inner flanges of thev outer shell when 4Vhe latter are interposed between them. The Wedge 14 is connected to the jaw 12 by means of bolts 33 which pass through the vert-

ical slots

30, 31 in the Wedge and into a bar 39 which extends longitudinally of the Wedge. The bolts 3S are secured positiv i to the bar 39 but have tree movement in

t slots

30, 31.

The Wedge 14 is further held in position by inner plate 40, the latter being shown in cross-section in Fig. 7 and in perspective in Fig. 13. This inner plate 40 has a small turned-in portion 41, completely enclosing the side of the wedge, and on its inner side provided with Wings 42 Correspending4 to the individual Wedges oi' the main wedge. rlhe inner plate is securely bolted to the outer leaf 11 by bolts one of which is shown in Fig. 7 at 43. Bolts or studs 44 extending,Il from the inside of the inner plate into the incline-cL slots 33 and into the leer". 11 assist in holdino' the wedge 14 in position, and they also cooperate with the individual Wedges and Wings to move the rredee 14 back and forth laterally to and away troni the jaw 12.

In order to assist in supporting the I beam, which is detachably connected to the shoe 6, a number of stays are provi: as shown in Fig. 3, consisting or' a rod 45 havingnuts 46 adjustable thereon by means et.' screw threads, and Wires 47 running Jjroin the outer leaves of the mandrel to which they are secured and are connected to the rod in any suitable manner, so that, by manipulation of the nuts, the stays may be stiii'ened or made slack. In the drawing` the Wires are shown as running through the outside portions of the I beam, and openings are also shown in the web of the I beam for more convenient manipulation o' 'the nuts, but the stays can be otherwise secured, or Wholly omitted.

In Fig. 15 there is shown in plan a disk 4S hai/ing two

depressed portions

49, 49, into which the lips of the

tive Wedges

14, 14 are countersunk. The disk sits over the top ot' the I beam and inside and flush with the outer leaves of the mandrel, as clearly.-v

shown in cross-section in Fig. 3. rlhe disk -is secured to the lips of the wedges by bolts 50 passing through holes 49 of the disk, 34 of the lip and 28 oil? the lip 2?. 'from which they pass through the head, as shown in FiU. 4.

The disk is also provided with a central ne 1 for the pin having a counterhegd The lower end of the pin is J. '"1 .1. L i. .(1 ...1, the i sean. se that eue oi the biurnatoos Y are pivoted at their' inner ends at 63.

f the mandrel.

j mand rels.

is on each side thereof. @no of the bifui'e'L tionsw is clearly shown in Fig. 3, showing also a longitudinal slot 54: in the bifurcation, similar to one in the other bifurcation, and a pin 55 in the upper portion of the slot, which pin passes through the web of the I beam into the slot of the opposite bifurcation. Both bifurcations are shown in crosssection in Fig. 7. This slot provides for lost motion when the mandrel is lifted bythe head, so that the wedges will be first lifted, and the flanges of the outer shell thereby released, before the mandrel itself is moved.

lt will, therefore, appear that disk 48 Vhas manifold functions in its seat at the top of 1t not onlyv lifts the wedges simultaneously through its connection with the head, but it tends to keep the top of the orter leaves of the mandrel (and consequently the top of the outer shell) stitlrand thereby prevents them from bending or breaking.

rl`he disk i8 is also provided with two downwardly extending flanges 55', on opposite'sides thereof, each flange having an opening 56 for locking with the head, as will hereinafter more fully ap aear.

A driving cap or head 57 is shown in Figs. 3, 1l, 5, 6 and 17. The lower portion 58, which is annular, embraces not onlythe mandrel, but the outer shell as well, and the three are secured to each other by keys 59 which are passed through openings provided therefor in the outer shell, the outer leaves of the mandrel and the opening 56 in the downwardly extending flanges The head is also provided with an upper annular flange G0 containing a wooden block for receiving` the blows of the driving hammer. The driving head is also further provided with a ,lifting rope 61, which passes from side to side through suitable openings, and has lifting loops (3Q.

The shell andl mandrel are represented Vin the drawings (with the exception of' Fig. 17) as tapered, but this invention may just as well .oe applied" to straight shells and Furthermore, while I have shown only two leaves to the mandrel one pair of jawsand two wedges in the preferred form, the number of these parts may be iii-- creased, or the number of wedges may be decreased, or the I beam omitted, and still be within the spirit of my invention.

ln Fig. 2S) l have shown in cross-section how it is possible to increase the number of wedges. 1n this case the outer leaves of the mandrel are represented at 112,11*), and 11C, and the wedges at lla, 14" and 14. vThe inside plates for holding the wedges in position are designated at 20a, 201 and 20. The jaws 12a and 12b for holding the flanges of the outer shell during the driving operation :3.9, and 59C are providedlfor locking loi the mandrel.

Keys

the parts in position..k The other paits must be understood to bethe sameas in the form explained at length. Y

The operation is as follows. Assuming that the disk 18 is properly in place under the lips of the two wedgesV and bolted to the head, and that the bolt 52 is connected to the I beam 5, the mandrel ismade ready for receiving the outer shell by the simple operation of lifting the mandrel by the head by means of the lifting loops 61, 61 a foot or two off theiground, thereby lifting upwards the two wedges 1e,1ll,which, in turn, opens the jaws 12, '12. The outer shell is then opened for wrapping the'same'around the. mandrel. lt would be Yimpraeticable to do this with the top of the shell in the saine plane with the top of the mandrel, as theV diameter of the shell would be too small to permit its flanges to go between the jaws rl`he shell is, therefore. wrapped around the mandrel somewhat lower dowmwhere on account of its taper the diameter of the mandrel is smaller andVV where the flanges of the shell may be readily inserted into the jaws of the mandrel and into the slot 6 of the shoe 6. From this place'the shell maybe readily pushed up into its proper position on thejma'ndrel. A can li is then placed over the to keep the dirt out of the slot 6V. The driving hammer is then lowered upon the head or driving cap with sufficient force to depress the wedges and until the' openings through the opposite sides ofthe outer shell, mandrel` leaves vand downwardly extending flanges of the disk 48 all register, when the

keys

59, 59 are inserted, which .lock the partsv against movement from this position,

wherein the outer shell is firmly held from end lopend byV its Yflanges against longitudinal mme-ment' relatively Yto the mandrel, and also its entire interior surface is supported against compression from without. VWhen' the outer shell has been driven to a sufficient depth, the

keys

59,59 are withdrawn, and the mandrel is lifted, as before, the eii'eet of 'which is tosimultaneously withdraw both wedges and release the inward flanges 'ot' the outer shell from the jaws of the mandrel. The mandrel may' then be withdrawn and the shell filled with concrete, `the keys being replaced'to lock the mandrel in position for Y receiving Vthe shell. vIt ,may be stated, also, that in the lifting oft-he mandrel, the wings .at the sidesof the wedges'acting as stoos to limit the movement of the wedges, assist in carrying the load. s

After the shell has been filled with concrete, the shell .itself may beA lefftin ,the ground or withdrawn bythe apparatus to be described.V This apparatus is shown in shoe G,

Figs. 21 and 252'. Fig. 21 is a perspectiveVV view thereof` wherein 1 represents the outer shell, 2the flanges of the same, and 63 is a collar sitting inside the top of the shell where it is supported by clips 64. This inside collar also has guides in which to manipulate the wedge 66. Cooperating with the inside collar is the lifting line 67, having a slip knot 68 and loop 69 and supporting-clips 7G. When the shell is ready for pulling, the parts are adjusted in the manner shown in Fig 21. When lifting force is applied to the lifting line 67, the inside collar 63, assisted by the wedge 66, supports the shell and prevents collapse where the lifting force is applied. The lirst upward movement of the shell will be a short one. The lifting line is then slaclrened and the wedge 66 is forced deeper between the guides 65, thereby forcing the shell further apart. The lifting line is then taken up again and the shell is lifted further out of the ground, the wedge 66 in the guides 65 in the meantime keeping the shell in the open position in which it was set, thereby facilitating its withdrawal from the ground.

ln Fig. 16 there is shown a modiication of the shell shown in Fig. 2, the saine in all essential respects except that it shows a piece overlapping on the outside of the line of connection between the two flanges, the purpose of the overlapping strip being to prevent the dirt from forcing itself between the flanges of the shell in the driving operation. The flanges 2X, 2", are formed by two L- shaped pieces welded or otherwise secured to the interior surface of the shell near the edge of its longitudinal division in such manner that the joint between the flanges is away from the oint between the longitudinal edges of the shell., thereby leaving an overlapping strip 3X. Tongues 4X on each side are provided to enter pockets 5X on the opposite side for holding the overlapping strip in place.

ln Figs. 28 and 9.5 are shown two further modifications of the outer shell. In place of one longitudinal division there is a plurality of such divisions, thereby facilitating the removal of the shell from the ground. lt will be noticed that in both Figs. 23 and 25E-the lianges are so disposed as to make those of each division V-shaped in crosssection, thereby forming wedges, the effect being that after driving the ground outside tends to compress these wedgelilre divisions inwardly, but they are held in place by the flanges of the adjoining divisions.

ln Fig. 24C is shown a non-eXpansible mandred or core for use in connection with the form of shell shown in Figs. 28 and 25. From an open hub portion 67 extend a plurality of open jaws 68. A driving element 69 extends through the hub portion and is bolted securely to the inner ends of two of the jaws 68 and is seated in the shoe 70, as shown in Fig. 27 in cross-section.

In Fig. 27 the shoe is shown in whole at 70 and consists of two parts, first an outer shell 71, and, second, an inner half spherical part, removable from the first part, and having a socket 7 8 for seating the lower end of the driving element 69, and a bore from side to side for a pin connecting the driving element (which has a corresponding bore) with the inner part of the shoe. r1`he outer part 71 has an inside annular groove 76 as a seat for the outside shell. ln Fig. 26 is a perspective of the whole device eX- cept the head, with one section of the outer shell partly removed from the shoe. The driving head and its connections with the driving element are shown in section in Fig. 28. The head is shown in whole at 77. T wo inside downwardly extending flanges, on opposite sides, 78, are spaced away from the inside of the head to admit the outer shell, and are bored as at 79, 79 to register with similar bores 79', 79 in the head for a pin (not shown) passing through the same and through an opening in the outer shell, to connect and keep the parts firmly together during the driving. On the inside of the head is a rectangular depending strip 80, carrying two

transverse pins

81, 81. This strip is bifurcated at its lower end, only one of the bifurcations being shown in the drawing. The driving element is here shown within the dotted lines at 82, where it is shown provided Vwith two slots 83, wherein the

pins

81, 81 project and have movement. ln the drawings the pins are shown at the top of the slots and the head is in raised position. rlhe object of this arrangement is to permit the head to be raised above the shell when the pins are removed from the hores in the sides of the shell and the head and its inside flanges, thereby giving opportunity for tapping or hammering the shell away rom the core.

In Figs. 19 and 2O is shown still another modification of the expansible mandrel, the purpose of which is to drive a short shell. r1`he mandrel itself is in all respects the same as hereinbefore described, except that two additional outer leaves or fillers are added. These llers 84;, 871, are substantially semicircular in form, and are bolted to the upper end of the outer leaves of the mandrel, by means of holes 85 and bolts 86, to lill up the space on the mandrel that would otherwise be left in driving a short shell. It is important that the bolts should be so located, however, as not to interfere with the movement of the wedges. A space between the fillers, 86, is left to provide for expansion and contraction of the leaves. The short shell 87 is then placed on the lower end of the mandrel, next the shoe 6, and driven in the usual manner.

lVhat I claim is:

1. A pile driving shell adaptedI to be driven into the ground and there to receive the pile-making material, said shell being divided longitudinally from end to end and having an inwardly extending' flange on each side ot' its longitudinal division, said tlanges contacting vith each other and having spring actiontending to separate them and in the driven position of the shell preventing collapse thereof. ,f

2. An enpansiblcv mandrel having inwardly extending coacting gripping jaws adapted to open and close with the expansion and contraction oit the mandrel.

3. An expansible mandrel having in wardly and longitudinally extending coacting gripping jaws adapted to Open and close with the expansion and contraction of the mandrel..

4L. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of movable outer leaves, a wedge having an inwardly extending flange to move said leaves, and a pair ot inwardly extending coacting gripping jaws adapted to open or close on movement of the outer leaves.

v 5. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves, a wedge adapted to positively move the leaves inwardly and outwardly, and a pair of inwardly extending coacting gripping jaws adapted to open or close on each movement 0f the leaves.

6. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer sections, wedging means for moving said sections, a driving head connected to the mandrel, and means controlled by the head for positively operating said we dging means to move said sections inwardly and outwardly.

7. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality ot'movable sections, a driving head connected thereto, and gravity operating means connected to the head and mandrel for positively moving the sections inwardly when the entire device is lifted by the head.

8. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality 0f movable sections and longitudinally and inwardly extending coacting gripping means operated by said sections.

9. An expansible mandrel comprising a luralit of outer leaves a wedoe havino` an P a a e,

inwardly turned flange adaptedto engage and move the leaves, a driving element within the outer leaves, a. driving shoe and a driving head connected to said driving element.

10. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality ot sections and a wedge adapted to move the sections and thereby change the, diameter of the mandrel, said wedge being slotted parallel with its sides, pins extending `from the outer sections into said slots and adapted to assist the wedge in the expansion ot the sections on one movement of the wedges and in retracting the same on another movement.

11. An eXpansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves one of which is turned inwardly to form one of a pair of jaws adapted to open and close by movement of said leaves, and a compound wedge tor moving said leaves consisting of a series orp individual wedges cooperating with a corresponding number of wings.

12. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality or' outer leaves, a 4wedging member for moving said leaves and thereby altering the diameter 0f the mandrel, said wedg-V wedges provided with slots arrangedV plurality of outer leaves, one or more wedges adapted to move the leaves so as to increase .or diminish t-he diameter of the mandrel,

and an inner plate kbolted to the outer leaves to secure the wedge lin position, said inner plate being provided with slots in connection with the bolt holes to permit movement ot the parts.

14. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves, a wedge adapted to move the leaves. a pair of jaws 'adapted to open or close on each movement of the leaves, said wedge having a lip extending from the top at right angles to its side, a driving head, and means connected to said lip and said Y head for lifting the wedge when the mandrel is lifted by the head.

15. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves one ot which is turned inwardly to form one of a pair of jaws and having a right-angled top portion, a second jaw L shaped in cross-section, the jaws in cross-section resembling the letter T, pivotal means for connecting the jaws at their inner ends, and means for operating said jaws with the movement ot the outer leaves. Y

16. An expansible mandrel comprising a pluralityT of outer leaves one of which is turned inwardly to form Aone of a pair of jaws and having a right-angled top portion, a second jaw L shaped in cross-section, the jawsin cross-section resembling the letter T, pivotal means for connecting the jaws at their inner ends, and means for operating the jaws with the movement of the outer leaves, and a longitudinally extending member within the outer leaves adapted to act as a driver and also to partially enclose the inner portion vof said jaws and thereby keep the parts in position. v

17. An expansible mandrel comprising a llO plurality of outer leaves one of which is turned inwardly to form one of a pair of jaws and having a right-angled top portion, a second jaw L shaped in cross-section, the jaws in cross-section together resembling a letter T, pivotal means :tor connecting the jaws at their inner ends, means for operating the jaws with the movement ot' the outer leaves, a longitudinally extending member within the outer leaves adapted to act as a driver and also to partially enclose the inner portion ot said jaws for keeping the parts in position, and adjustable stays connected to the outer leaves and to said longitudinally extending member to assist in holding the parts together.

1S. An expansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves, a wedge adapted to move the leaves, said wedge having a lip extending from its top at right angles to its side, a 4disk within the top portion oli said leaves and under said lip, a driving` head and means connecting said disk to said head, a shoe, a longitudinally extending driving member connected to said shoe, and a pin connected to said driving member and said disk so as to permit lost motion, whereby, when the mandrel is lifted by the head, the head, disk and wedge will be the first elements moved.

19. An eXpansible mandrel comprising a plurality of outer leaves, a wedge adapted to move the leaves, said wedge having a lip entending from its top at right angles to its side, a disk within the top portion ot said leaves and under said lip, a driving head and means connecting` said disk to said head, a shoe, a longitudinally extending driving member connected to said shoe, a pin connected to said driving member and said disk so as to permit certain lost motion thereof, whereby, normally when the mandrel is lifted by the head, the head, disk and wedge will be the first elements moved, and means for locking the parts against such normal movement.

20. The combination with a driving shell divided longitudinally `trom end to end with an inwardly extending flange on each side of its Y longitudinal division and having spring action to normally hold it open, and means tor holding the flanges together during the driving operation.

21. The combination of a driving shell divided longitudinally from end to end and having `an inwardly extending flange on eacn side of its longitudinal division, and an expansilole mandrel comprising a plurality o'j movable sections, a driving head and a driving shoe, and longitudinally irtending means for gripping the flange of the driving shell during the driving operation.

22. A device for withdrawing a longitudinally divided driving shell comprising a collar fitting inside of the top of the driving shell 'for supporting the latter, means for supporting said collar in posit-ion, and a wedge cooperating with the Collar in its support of the shell as well as to open the latter.

23. A device for withdrawing a longitudinally divided driving shell comprising a collar fitting inside of' the top of the shell for supporting the latter, means for holding the collar in position, guides on said collar, and a wedge within said guides to assist in supporting the shell as well as to open the latter.

2a. A device for withdrawing a longitudinally divided driving shell comprising a collar fitting inside of the top of the shell for supporting the latter, means for holding the collar in position, Ouides on said collar, a wedge within said guides to assist in sup porting the shell as well as to open the latter, and a lifting line having a loop and means for supporting the loop on the outside of the top of the shell.

Q5. The combination with a longitudinallyv divided driving shell of a lifting device comprising a lifting line having a loop, means for supporting the looped line around the outside of the upper portion of the shell, a collar fitting inside of the top of the shell for supporting the latter against compression by the line, means for holding the collar in position, guides on said collar, and a wedge working in said guides to assist in supporting the shell as well as to open the latter.

26. A driving shell divided longitudinally from end to end, an eXpansible mandrel therein comprising a plurality of movable outer leaves, a shoe at the lower end of the mandrel having an opening for the passage of means for securing it to the mandrel, and a detachable cap at the lower end or the shell enclosing said shoe and the opening therein and the lower end of the mandrel.

JOHN S. GILLIES.