US1244247A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

W. G. vROSS & 0. ONSRUD.

TURBINE, 1 APPLICATION ruin APR. 13. 1914.

Patented Oct; 23,1917.

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TURBINE.

I APPLICATION VFILED'APR. is. 1914. 1,244,241. Patented Oct. 23,1917.

' Mains-sham 4.

. [/1 (zen ions of disk rotors.

WILLIAM G. 'ito'ss ANn'oscAR ONSRUZD, oFoHI'cA'eo, I 'LIi'roIs.

' TURBINE.

' Speificationof Letters Patent.

Application filed April '13, 1914. Serial -1\To.- 831- 613.

To all whom it may concern; p

"Be it known that we, WILLIAM 'Ross and OSCAR ONSRUD, citizens of the United States of America, and residents of Chicago, county of Cook, and Stateof Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rotary engines or turbines, particularly StBiIIIltHlfbillQSyflIld one of'the principal objects of the invention is to provide an'improved construction Another-object of the invention is to provide an improved rotor having a plurality ofseries of buckets or impact surfaces suitably formed to be acted upon by the fluid in its various stages, and

to provide a rotor having a plurality of sets of buckets or impact surfaces withgoverning devices for. automatically opening or closing ports for admitting fluid to oneor more of said series, as determined by the velocity and load of the rotor. A further object of the invention is to provide an imoroved means for su er-heatin steam between its leaving and rentering the rotor.

An illustrative embodiment of this invention is shown :in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional vie ofthe turbine.

Fig. 2 is an enlargedsectional detail of part of the rotor showing the manner of drilling apertures 'therethrough, for the purpose of providing suitable impact surfaces.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the turbine partly broken away showing the relative arrangement of rotor, reaction elements and superheating coils.

.Fig. 41 is a detail of the rotor and cooperating elements in transverse section. a

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detail in side'ele- .vation of one of ftheend plates or reaction elements.

Fig".- 5 is a sectional 'fviewfta'ken on the Fig. 6 is a sectional detailtshowingfthe relative arrangement of the principal parts 'Fig. 7 is a left side elevation of a gove'rnfor, and valve operating mechanism.

Fig. is is ari'gl t side elevation of the gov.

ernor and valve operating mechanism controlled thereby.

"fPatentedOct. 23, 1917.

Fig. 9 is aperspective view of theassembled machine. I

Fig. 10 is a detail of a'superheating coil and shows the course of thesteam around it.

Referring to Fig. l of the drawings,.the rotor 1 is fast to a shaft 2, to which devices to be drivenmay be 1 connected. The rotor 1 is surrounded by a casing consisting vmainly of two parts 3 and 1, fastened together by an annular series of bolts 5. The part 4 ofthe casingis.groovedtoprovide a pair of steam inlet channels 6 and 7, closed *byga ring 8,-and secured topart 1 by bolts 9. The shaft 2 is journaled in hubs l0 and ,11 and having brackets 12 whereby they -ar-e made rigid with the parts 3 and 4: of the plate is also provided with nozzles 22 and I 23 and each of the side plates has a series of apertures 24: suitably formed to react on the steam passing through perforations or buckets. 25 in the rotor. The latter apertures are suitably formed to cooperate with the different series'of nozzles 18, 1 9, 22 and 23 for. the purpose of effecting rotation o f the rotor l whensteam is ejected from the nozzles. The nozzles'as shown in Fig. 41 are restricted in cross-section atone point in ordenthat the expansion of the steam when "leavingthe nozzles maybe-utilized as'usual,

-to increase the velocity of the steam when entering the. comparatively larger apertures 25 o'flthe'rotor. v i a I The parts 3 and 4: of thecasingare each provided with a pluralityof annularchannels'26, each of which carries a heating coil :27 so located in its respective channel that steam leaving a setof apertures in therotor 1, in passing through one of thesi'de plates 20 oi-Qlf'will take a helical course, as indicated by' arr0w 57 v in FigIlO, aroundone of the heating-coils 27 in its passage to anv other series of nozzles in 'the side plates, the

device shown being a radial type of turbine preferably with the steam traveling from the center, out in a wavy path through the rotor. The heating coils 27 are provided with projections 58 extending helically around the coils for the purpose of assisting in properly directing the actuating fluid.

The steam for superheating is admitted and exhausted from the heating coils 27 by connecting pipes 28 passing through hubs 29 in the casing 3 and threaded pipes 30 in apertures in casing 4. Suitable stuffing boxes 31 are also provided to prevent the escape of steam from the annular channels in which the heating coils 27 are located. The apertures 25 in rotor 1, and also the apertures 24 in the side plates are drilled in the manner shown in Fig. 2. Straight transverse holes are first drilled as indicated by drill 32 in Fig. 2. The second and third operations are performed by drills or reamers 33 and 34, having rounded ends anddisposed at any desired angle to the rotor or reaction side plates operated upon.

By making the apertures in the manner described, it ispossible to obtain any desired impact or reaction surface in solid disks such as shown in the drawings, the drill holes from opposite sides of the disks being made to meet at any desired point and angle, thus modifying the curvature of the impact or reaction surface as desired.

The jets of steam strike the surface 35 after passing or being passed by. the knife edge 36. The opposite side 37 of the opening is preferably cut away as shown so as to offer little reaction surface on which the steam may rebound. It may also be noted that, considering the upper side of the aperture in Fig. 2 as the point of entrance of the steam, the aperture is increased in cross-sec tion farther in from the point of entrance.

The rotor 1 as shown in the drawings has two sets of series of annular apertures through which the active steam passes to drive the rotor, the sets being independent of each other, in that different steam is em ployed in each set. The device is therefore equivalent to engines connected in tandem,

it being a complete and operative structure if only one of the sets of rotor apertures is made use of. The series of apertures in each set in the rotor vary in number or .diameter, for the purpose of taking care of expansion of the steam.

As shown in Fig. 3, each set of apertures consists of four annular series, spaced about the same distance apart, but each series increasing in number according to their distance radially of shaft 2.. The steam leaving nozzles 18 and 19 passes through a single row of apertures 25, then through side plate 21 and around one of the heating coils 27 and back through the next outer row of the inner rows of apertures but have a combined area which is considerably greater.

The steam finally passes through openiiig s iii side plate 21 into an annular exhaust ehamber'39 formed in casing 3, and leaves the machine through an opening at 40 communicatingiwith the chamber 39.

The reaction buckets or'apertures 24 in the side plates 20and 21 are formed in about the same manner as the impact buckets 25 in the rotor as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 5*. t is preferred to cutaway the inactive edges 41 of the apertures and also to channel the side plates a ong the line of each series of apertures as indicated by the numeral 42. Th s is done for the purpose of lessening resistance due to rebound of steam when entering the reaction buckets 24.

The rotor shaft 2 carries a governor 43 constructed to shift a rod 44 upwardly as the speed of shaft 2 increases. The specific con struction of governor is not shown in the drawings, but the rod 44 when moved upwardly engages the end of a screw 45 carried by a bell crank lever 46. The bellcrank lever is pivoted on a pin 47 in a brace 48 extending rearwardly from the journal 11 for shaft 2. The bell crank lever 46 has two horizontally disposed arms 49 and 50. The arm 49 controls valve 14 for admitting steam through pipe 15 to the annular steam chest 6. The valve is normally open. but as the speed of the rotor increases over some predetermined rate, the valve is gradually moved toward its closed position by movement of bell crank lever 46 through the action of the rod 44 in the governor. The arm .50 of the'bell crank lever carries an adjustable member 51, having a pair of rollers 52 through which extends a lever 53 supported I by a fixed pivot 54 and extending inwardly of said pivot below a valve stem 55 of a valve 56. Valve 56 is also normally wide open, but when the bell crank lever 45 is rocked by action pin 44, the valve is permitted to move toward its closed position. By. adjusting the member 51 along the arm 50 and lever 53, the mechanism may be regulated to cause the valve to close after a slight movement of the rod 44 or a comparatively great movea ment of the rod. The valve controlling mechanism is arranged so that when the rotor arrives at a certain predetermined speed, valve 56 will be closed, shutting. off

steam to the steam chest 7, making the inner 7' set of buckets 25 of the rotor entirelyinactive, the continued drive of the rotor being effected by the outer set of buckets fedfrom the steam chest 6, llfthe rotor still con tinues to rotate up to the point where further action of governor 43 takes place, the valve 14 is closed sufliciently to permit the passage of steam into the chest 6 only suflicient to maintain the desired rotation.

In the operation of the device, the valves 14. and 56 are normally open, and steam admitted to the machine is free to pass into the steam chests (i and 7 and from there it is projected through the nozzles 19 and 18 into the buckets 25, forming the innermost series of each set of buckets. From these series of buckets, the steam passes through the reaction buckets 24: in side plate 21 around the super-heating coils 27 and back through the nozzles 22 and 23 into the second series of rotor buckets. It again passes through the reaction buckets in the side plate 20 and around super-heating coils, and finally through the two outer rows of nozzles in each set, into the two outer rows of buck ets, and each set of buckets of the rotor, the steam leaving'the apparatus from chamber 39 through the opening 40. When the rotor has obtained a velocity sufiicient to cause the governor to shift rod 44: outwardly,'the bell crank lever e26 is rocked to operate valve 56 and shut off steam from the steam chest 7 and the inner set of rotor buckets. If the speed of the rotor is further increased through the action of the steam on the outer set of buckets alone, the valve 14: is gradually moved toward its closed position, maintaining the desired speed of the rotor.

Although but one specific embodiment of this invention has been herein shown and described, it will be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered or omitted without departing from thespirit of this invention as shown by the following claims.

Ne claim 1. In a rotary engine, the combination of a disk-shaped rotor having a plurality of rows of annular perforations, a. governor, and means controlled by said governor for preventing fluid from passing through one or more of said rows of perforations.

2. In a rotary engine, the combination of a disk-shaped rotor having a plurality of sets of annular rows of perforations, means for directing fluid through each set of perforations from one row to another, and a governor having connections for preventing fluid from passing through one of said sets of perforations.

3. In a rotary engine, the combination of a disk-shaped rotor having a plurality of rows of perforations through which fluid passes by the action of driving said rotor, means for directing the fluid from one row of perforations to another, a casing surrounding said rotor and having annular grooves located in position to receive fluid from one row of perforations, and permitting it to pass through another row of perforations, and super-heating coils so located in said annular grooves that the fluid entering said channels will pass around the coils before leaving said channels.

4. In a turbine, the combination of a cas.

ing, a rotor having a plurality of impact surfaces and a channel in said casing for con ducting an actuating fluid from one impact surface to another, a super-heating element in said channel, said super-heating element having a projection extending helically around said element.

5. In a turbine, a rotor comprising a single disk having an annular row of holes therein, a nozzle located at one side of said disk for directing fluid under pressure into said holes, said holes being formed to provide an enlarged pocket inward of the inlet and outlet ends thereof.

Signed at Chicago this 10th day of April WILLIAM G. ROSS. OSCAR ONSRUD. Witnesses:

RUDow RUMMLER, IVILLIAM E. HANN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained. for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0'.

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