US1030278A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

J. BROWN & J. E. SCOTT.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 12, 1910.

1,030,278. Patented June 25, 1912.

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TTORNEYS COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON. D. c,

STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BROWN, OF PLAISTOW, ENGLAND, AND JAMES EDWARD SCOTT, 0F GREENOCK, SCOTLAND.

STEAM-TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JoI-IN BROWN and JAMES EDWARD SCOTT, subjects of the King of Great Britain, and residing, respectively, at Plaistow, in the county of Essex, England, and Greenock, in the county of Renfrew, Scotland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification, such as will enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to what are known as steam turbines and particularly to re versible slow or high speed turbines of this class, and the object thereof is to provide an improved construction of a multistage steam turbine which shall be capable of driving in either direction with equal facility and which can be operated for such purpose by valves or other equivalent means.

The rotors of the turbine are fixed in any suitable manner to the main shaft and rotate within a fixed casing. We provide for each rotor what we term a nozzle plate, this plate being fixed and arranged parallel to the plane of the rotor and having the same axis as the shaft and on that side of the rotor at which the steam is to enter. Each nozzle plate has two sets of passages, which passages we term nozzles, passing through it, for conducting the steam to the vanes or blades of its corresponding rotor. One set of nozzles is arranged so that, when steam is passed through them, the rotor is driven in one direction, the other set being arranged for driving the rotor in the other, direction. Each set of nozzles consists of a number of passages made through the thickness of the nozzle plate the direction of one set being inclined so as to point toward one side of the vanes of the rotor, the direction of the other set being inclined so as to point toward the other side of the vanes. The nozzles are preferably tapered to allow of some expansion of the steam in passing through the nozzle plates. The steam is admitted to the nozzles through what we term a divided steam chamber, one of such chambers being provided for each nozzle plate and being arranged on that side of the plate at which the steam is to enter the nozzles. Each chamber has two compartments, each compartment being disposed over one set of nozzles. For the purpose of admitting Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 12, 1910.

Patented June 25, 1912. Serial No. 591,940.

steam to these divided chambers we provide a series of valves, one for each rotor, each of these valves being arranged so as to close or open either one or other of two inlets, which latter are in communication with the compartments of a divided chamber. All the valves are connected together and are operated so that one inlet in each valve can be closed while the other is open.

In order that our invention may be clearly understood we will describe one form of the same with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation the top half being a section and the bottom half an outside view of the turbine. Fig. 2 is a transverse part sectional elevation showing the nozzle plate outermost and the means of reversing. Fig. 3 is a back view of one of the rotors; Fig. 4 is a section of the same, and ;--Fig. 5 is a sectional plan showing three blades or vanes and the relation of three ahead and three astern nozzles thereto.

a is a casing.

g is the shaft upon which is fixed in any suitable manner the rotor Z).

(Z is the nozzle plate having nozzles d and (Z through whichthe steam is admitted from the divided steam chamber 0, through the circular compartments 0 and 0 The shaft 9 which carries the rotors extends through the nozzle plates each of which is preferably provided with split bushes as shown at e in Figs. 1 and 2 to form bearings for the shaft.

f is one of the vanes on the rotor b. A

side view of the same is shown in position on a section of a rotor in Fig. 4; a sectional plan of three of the vanes is shown in Fig. 5 which also shows the direction of the nozzle (Z1 and (Z in the nozzle plate d.

it, h, it are the steam chests arranged on the outside of the casing a, and having in each, two inlets c and c which we call the ahead and astern inlets. The passage of steam into these inlets is controlled by the valve I as shown in section in Fig. 2, the said valve being operated by the handle 39. The steam for operating the turbine is led by the pipe 2' and according to the position of the valve Z passes either into the passage 0 or the passage 0. If the passage 0 is open the steam passes to the compartment 0 and thence to the set of nozzles (Z If the passage 0" is open the steam passes to the compartment c and thence to the set of nozzles (Z As will be seen from Fig. 2 the compartments c -and c extend over the whole of the nozzles in the nozzle plate.

The construction of each rotor and the operation of the nozzles will be seen from Figs. L and 5. The vanes are of triangular section, the apex of the triangle being directed toward the nozzle plate. The vanes are made integral with the circular angle plate 6 The circular angle plate is of such a diameter as to leave sufficient apertures at its periphery for the escape of the steam from the rotor after it has effectively impinged on the vanes. After passing through the nozzles the steam impinges on one or other side of the vanes f, passes therefrom through the apertures s, expanding into the steam chamber i from which it passes to the second valve by the chamber 2'. From the latter the steam passes to the second rotor in the same way as described with reference to the first and so on to each rotor.

It will be observed from Fig. 5 that the nozzles (Z and 6Z2 are inclined in such a way that if steam is admitted only into the nozzles (Z it will impinge on one side of each of the vanes thereby causing rotation in a corresponding direction, while if steam is admitted only into the other set of nozzles (Z it will impinge on the other side of each of the vanes and so cause rotation of the turbine in the opposite direction.

A simple method of operating all the valves is shown in Fig. 2. Z is the valve, m its spindle, m a link connecting m with the lever 29. The latter is fixed to a shaft 0 extending in bearings 0 on the casing. The handle p is provided to enable the shaft 0 to be partially rotated, and as each valve spindle is similarly connected to the shaft 0 any movement of the handle 29 will similarly operate all the valves on the turbine.

We are aware that turbines of this class have been previously made and we make no claim to said devices otherwise than as shown and described herein, wherein the steam is under control externally to the circular casing at, our invention being a simple method of or means for reversing the valve Z controlling the inlets 0 and c at each stage of the operation of the turbine.

Having fully described our invention,

what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is V 1. In a multi-stage steam turbine a nozzle plate having two sets of nozzles and two separate circular chambers, and rotors into which said steam is discharged from said nozzles, said chambers being provided with separate inlets externally to the casing at each stage, and connected valves which control said inlets, substantially as herein described and shown with reference to the accompanying drawing.

2. In a multi-stage steam turbine, a nozzle plate having a plurality of sets of nozzles and a plurality of chambers, and rotors into which steam is discharged by said nozzles, said chambers being provided with separate inlets arranged externally to the casings at each stage, and valves which control said inlets, as shown and described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention we have signed our names in presence of the subscribing witnesses this 19th day of October 1910.

JOHN BROWN. JAMES EDWARD SCOTT. lVitnesses:

H. D. JAMEsoN,

O. P. LIDDON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. 0.

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