US637818A

US637818A - Turbine motor.

Info

Publication number: US637818A
Application number: US69678497A
Authority: US
Inventors: Nils Nilsson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1897-03-10
Filing date: 1897-03-10
Publication date: 1899-11-28
Anticipated expiration: 1916-11-28

Description

No. 637.818. Patented Nov. 28, I899.

N. NILSSON.

TURBINE MOTOR.

(Application filed Mar. 10, 1897. Renewed Nov. 18, 1898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

Inventor:

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' Nrrsn STATES NILS NILSSON, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y;

TURBINE Moron.

srnorricnrrolv forming pm of Letters Patent No. 637,818, dated November 28, 1899.

Application filed March 10, 1897. Renewed November 18, 1898. serial No. 696,784. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, NILS NILSSON, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine Motors, of which the following is a speci fication.

This invention relates to improvements in turbine motors; and it has for its main object the provision of an improved motor of this type in which the force or energy of an expansible fluid under pressure may be used to better advantage and with a higher degree of efficiency than has been the case heretofore to drive a turbine wheel.

In carrying my invention into effect I prefer to employ, in connection with a turbine wheel having blades or buckets against which the motive fluid will be directed, suitable fluid-supplying means embodying,preferabl y, a plurality of passages of such lengths and cross-section as to facilitate the transformation of a body of gaseous fluid under high pressure into a jet or stream of relativelysmall cross-section in which most of the pressure of the fluid is exerted lengthwise of the jet as velocity and comparatively little pressure is exerted transversely. These jets or streams of fluid transformed into moving bodies of fluid of high velocity and relativelylow transverse pressure -may be impelled against the faces of the blades or buckets of the turbine wheel in such a manner that substantially all of the force or energy of each jet will be transmitted to a driven member, preferably approximately perpendicular to the path of the moving stream, in order to utilize to the best advantage the longitudinal energy or pressure of the jet. In the preferred construction each jet of fluid will be directed against one wall of a fluid-receiving chamber in a turbine wheel of proper construction, and the receiving end of this fluidreceiving chamber should be as close as possible to the discharge end of the passage through which the jet is delivered to the turbine. The cross-sectional area of the fluidreceiving chamber cooperating with any such passage should be approximately that of the discharge end of such passage for the purpose of conserving that portion of the energy of the jet or stream which is exhibited as trans verse pressure and which when the fluid is further expanded may be capable of doing effective work as a Wheel propelling medium. Hence in the construction shown the cross-sectional areas of the receiving ends of the several fluid-chambers of the turbine wheel, though somewhat greater than the corresponding areas of the discharge ends of the fluid-passages through which the jets are delivered, are yet approximately the same, and such chambers may be advantageously so formed as to taper toward their discharge ends, and thus conserve such transverse energy of the jet or stream until the fluid of the stream shall have reached a point where such fluid can be expanded effectively for the purpose of imparting an additional impulse to the wheel for rotating the latter. This expansion of the fluid of the jet is effected at the receiving end of a fluid-discharging chamber opening into a fluid-receiving chamber and having a receiving end of greater cross-sectional area than that of the discharge end of such receiving-chamber. Hence it will be apparent that by reason of this construction the fluid will expand suddenly when it reaches the receiving end of the discharge-chamber and will react upon the walls of the latter, the energy exerted by such reaction serving as a means for imparting an additional impulse to the wheel in the direction of its rotation for accelerating the speed of movement of the latter.

It will be evident, therefore, that one of the main features of this invention is the employment of a turbine Wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers in which the receiving end of each discharge-chamber is of greater area than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber into which such discharge-chamber opens. It will be seen, moreover, that in the preferred construction not only is each discharge-chamber dissimilar to the receiving-chamber in point of size, but that such discharge-chamber is also inclined at a different angle to the plane of rotation of the turbine wheel, the

best construction being that in which the forward walls of each cooperating pair of fluidreceiving and fluiddischarging chambers form a V-shaped surface. The object of this is of course to utilize the force or energy of the jet exerted in longitudinal direetion'and. also that exerted transversely on the expan-- sion of the jet will be utilized either directly or by reaction before the fluid escapes from the discharge end of. the fluid-discharging chamber andis permitted to pass out through a suitable exhaust. It will be noted, moreover, that not only does each fluid-receiving chamber taper toward its discharge end, but that each fluid-discharging chamber gradually widens toward its discharge end, the

walls thereof diverging in order to permit a' I continuous and gradual expansion after the first sudden expansion of the fluid on entering the discharge-chamber, this gradual expansion assuring the utilization of nearly all of the energy which may be exhibited as transverse pressure.

While, as has been stated, the forward face of each fiuid-receiving chamber is preferably disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the Wheel, and while the supply-passages by means of which the fluid is delivered to the receiving-chambers of the wheel are also oblique to such plane of rotation, yet said passages and chambers have different degrees of obliquity, the passages being inclined at a more acute angle'to the plane of rotation than said chambers, and these supply-passages will also be disposed tan gentially to the:

path of movement of the wheel.

As it is desirable to provide some means forshiftable' between two extreme positions and having a plurality of ports adapted to open or close such communication in accordance with the position of the valve will be em ployed for this purpose. Here the valve used has two dissimilar sets of supply-ports, one of which sets will cooperate at one time,while another set will cooperate at another time with more or less of such passages, the two sets being selected alternatively the one to the governor will shift the valve to a position where some only of the fluid-passages will communicate with the fluid-supply, and here such supply will be reduced by one-half by this shifting of the valve. Of course it will beevident that during such shifting move* ment the supply, from all of the open ports will be reduced gradually upto the point of cut-off and that the supply will be turned on gradually to the lesser number of ports by the movement of the valve to its other extreme position. I

Other important features-of this invention, which need not be more fully referred to at this point, but which will be described indetail hereinafter, relate to the construction of the turbine wheeland to the manner in which it is mounted to yield transversely to the shaft in order to prevent undue strain onthe latter in starting under a heavy load or at an increased rate-of speed.

In the drawings accompanying and formin g part of this specification, Figure 1 is alongitudinal sectional elevation of a turbine motor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is asectional end elevation of the same with parts removed in order to illustrate the construction more clearly. Fig.3isasectionalend elevation of the same, the section being taken in line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is asectional endelevation of the same,- the: section being taken in line 44, Fig. l, and showing the cut-01f valve in one position. Fig. 5 is a similar view of a portion of the same, illustrating said cut-off valve in a diiferent position. Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the motor, the section being taken in line 6 6, Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional plan of a portion of the mechanism, illustrating in detail the manner in which fluid is delivered from the source of supply to the turbine,the section being taken in line -7 7, Fig. 4. Fig. Sis an enlarged longitudinal section of a portion of the motor, illustrating the manner in which the wheel is mounted on its shaft; and Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the same, the section being taken in line 9 9, Fig. 8.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings. p

My improved turbine motor embodiesa turbine wheel, such as A, which may be mounted yieldingly ona shaft, such as B, so as to be capable of movement transverse to the shaft to prevent excessive strains upon. the parts. In-the present case the shaft B is journaled at one end in a bearing 0 in a casing O, which may be supported in a substantially annular frame 0 secured in any suitable manner to a base or support, such as D, the opposite end of the shaft B being supported in a bearing in a standard, such as D, rising from the base D. The movement of the shaft B may be transmitted by means of a pulley E to any suitable driven mechanism. In the construction shown the casing O is so made as to form between it and the frame '0 an annular space or fluid-chest into which the fluid, which ordinarily will be steam, may be delivered through a proper supply-pipe, such as G. From this fluid-chest the motive fluid may be delivered to the 'turbine wheel and the flow of the steam or other motive agent properly regulated.

As before stated, the driven member or turbine wheel of the motor is of novel construction and is intended to be so formed as to utilize the force of the expanding fluid to the best advantage. Here the wheel, which is designated in a general way byA and which will preferably be made of a plurality of parts, has a circuit of fluid-receiving chambers in its web A, these chambers being indicated by A Each of these fluid-receiving chambers preferably intersects the periphery of the web of the wheel and is disposed transversely and obliquely to the plane of rotation of said wheel, the receiving end of said chamher being in this case at one side of the wheel and the discharge end of said chamber being practically in the plane passing through the center of the wheel. I

The forward and rearward walls of each chamber A? constitute the walls of the buckets of the wheels and form partitions or blades between the buckets, against which blades the fluid may exert its force. In the construction shown each chamber is not only disposed at an inclination to the plane of rotation of the turbine wheel, but is also angular in cross-section and tapers toward the center of the wheel in order to prevent premature undue expansion of the motive fluid. By making the receiving-chambers angular in cross-section, substantially as shown, a wide face is presented squarely to the action of the jet of fluid, and an impulse of maximum force is received by the wheel on the impact of the jet against such plane face.

The fluid-dischargin g chambers of the wheel are indicated herein by A and these chambers are dissimilarin construction, shape, and position to those shown at A The principal feature of difference is that the receiving end of the fluid-discharging chamber isof greater or other fluid to expand quickly in transverse direction as it emerges from the receiving fluid-chamber, and thus to utilize a large percentage of that portion of the force of the fluid which is expanded as transverse pressure,.tl1e result being that when fluid expands suddenly at this point in the manner described it will have a reacting-point to act against immediately on entering the fluiddischarging chamber, and the force of the fluid so reacting will be efiective to impart an additional impulse to the wheel in the direction in which it is turned, as indicated by the arrow a. This force, due to the transverse expansion of the steam or other fluid, is of course augmented by the force due to the impact of the jet against the forward wall of the fluid-discharging chamber, this latter force being derived,of course,from the velocity or energy in longitudinal direction of the escaping jet or stream. Another factor which tends to increase the efliciency of the motor and to accelerate the rotation of the turbine wheel is the gradual expansion of the fluid during this passage through the discharging-chamber and after its sudden expansion immediately on entering such chamber, this subsequent gradual expansion being due to the fact that in the preferred construction such fluid-discharging chambers will gradually widen toward their discharge ends, and hence by the time that the fluid is discharged or exhausted from the wheel a very much larger percentage of its energy will have been employed effectively than in turbines as ordinarily constructed.

It will be noticed that the efficiency of the motive fluid as a wheel-propelling medium is very greatlyincreased by reason of the positions of the fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers relative to each other, each discharging-chamber being in this case disposed at such an angle to the corresponding receiving-chamber as to form therewith a substantially V-shaped passage the walls of which facilitate the reaction of the fluid against the partitions or blades of the wheel to assist in driving the latter forward.

In the preferred construction the wheel A is made in sections, in such a manner that any part can be readily replaced without putting in a whole new wheel. In this case the wheel is made'of three main parts, two of which are separate and connected to form the web and.

the hub of the wheel, while the third part is a rim encircling the web portions of the wheel and preferably shrunk thereon to bind the web portions firmly together. This rim,which is indicated by 0, will usually be a circular area than the discharge end of the fluid-receiving chamber, and as the dischargingchamber opens into and communicates directly with the receiving-chamber a shoulder is formed in the corresponding transverse partition A at a point between the receiving and discharging chambers. The object of this is, as before stated, to permitthe steam ITO one and will form here the outer ends of all of the fluid chambers or buckets of the wheel; but said rim will not ordinarily be of the same width as the two connected portions, but instead will overlap only a portion of the web member in which the fluid-discharging chambers are formed, this construction permitting the spent fluid to escape freely both lengthwiseof the discharging-chambers and radially of the wheel. One of these web portions is indicated herein by w and contains 'the fluidreceiving chambers, while the other is indi-- cated by w and has formed therein the fluiddischarging chambers. Both the fluid-receiving and fluid -discharging chambers of the wheel will preferably intersect the peripheries ,partsibeing performed most expeditiously by automatic or semi-automatic machinery. Of course one member should contain only the fluid-receiving chambers and-the other should contain only the fluid-discharging members, and hence, although the two sets of chambers are entirelydissimilar in size and location with respect to the plane of the wheel, the wheel itself may be constructed at a very low cost by cutting, the fluid-chambers entirely through the peripheral portions of the webs from side to side of the latter and then putting the two parts together and properly connecting them afterward, a suitable rim 1", also of simple construction, being shrunk around them. Thus a turbine wheel having fluidreceiving and fluid-discharging chambers of 1 peculiar shape and located in a peculiar manner relatively to one another, which chambers could only be formed ordinarily with great difficulty and at heavy expense, can be readily and economically so made and shaped by simply forming the wheel in several parts.

For the purpose of regulating the flow of the steam or other fluid to the turbine wheel I may make use of suitable fluid-controlling means, such as an oscillatory cut-01f valve F, I

. which may be an annular valve substantially filling the space within the fluid-chest O and this valve will usually be a hollow one, the annular space of which will be in connection with the main supply-pipe G through an elongated opening F which registers with the opening in said supply-pipe in all positions of the valve. This valve F is intended to be oscillatory between two extreme positions for the purpose of controllingthe supply of fluid orsteam to the turbine wheel, and While this supply may be regulated in many different ways I prefer to employ a controlling-valve,

' such as F, having a plurality or circuit of supply-ports open at all times to the supply side of the annular space 'F in the valve, but some of which at times will be closed to communication With the turbine wheel at the deliveryside of the valve, in accordance with the pothe ports of one set will cooperate withsupti j p semis ply-passages a in the casing 0, while in the other position of the valve the other set of ports will cooperatewith such supply-passages. The supply-passages a are not only disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel A, but also at a more acute angle 1 thereto than are the fluid-receiving chambers 'A and in addition said supply-passages are disposed tangentially to the wheel in order to apply the force to the wheels at the points of maximum-eificiency or leverage and at the fsame time permit-the wheel, the casing 0,

containing the su pply-passages, and the valve 3' containing the ports 17 and c to be organized 1 leakage of the steam or other fluid, and hence loss of power. It will be apparent, of course, that the receiving ends of the supply-passages ashould be disposed in positions corresponding to those of some of the supply-ports F, and preferably they will be equidistant from one another and will correspond in position to the positions of the ports b, while the ports -0 may register with alternating supply-passages when the valve is properly tu-rned, at which time communication fromthe supplypipe to the intermediate supply-passages a will be prevented. Thus the steam or other fluid may be supplied to the turbine Wheel either through all of the supplypassages a or through only half of them to reduce the speed of rotation of the wheel in a manner which will be apparent'by referring toFi'gs. 4 and 5. The cut-off valve F may be operated in any desired manner; but I prefer to control it automatically bymeans of a governor g, carried by a suitable portion of the driving mechan-' ism, as by the shaft B, and this governor may be of any suitable type-such, for'exam ple, as that shown herein. Said valve may have a pin H, which in this case extends through an elongated slot 0 in one side of the frame 0 and may be connected at its outer end with a link, such as H, suitably connected by,the governor, it being in this case connected thereto by means of a rod. H If now the turbine wheel is running too fast, the governor will shift the valve so as to open communication between the source of supply and three of the supply-passages a, whereas when the motor is slowed down and is running under a supply from only three such passages the valve maybe shifted automatically to open communication to all six of the passages and increase. the speed of the wheel. I A In order to prevent undue strains upon the several cooperative parts, I mount the turbine wheelA so that it may be capable of movement transverse to the shaft B, and in the preferred construction said wheel will be supported by springs held on the shaft and havingtheir opposite ends in juxtaposition with the wheel, so that substantially the full length of each spring will lie within-the ends of the wheelhub and may serve to-support the wheel. In the construction shown the wheel A has a hub A formed in two parts, in this case these two J substantially as shown in Fig. 7 and, prevent hubs being integral with the respective web portions to and w, and in the ends of this hub I may form recesses, such as A with the walls of which may engage lugs or tongues, such as 1, formed on collars, such as I, secured in any suitable manner, as by pins 1 to the shaft B, as shown in Figs. 1 and 8. The hub A is mounted loosely on the shaft B, and in this portion of the shaft and between the collars I may be formed longitudinal recesses, into which may fit suitable springs, such as the flat springs J, the ends of which may rest against the shaft of the wheel and the central portions of which may engage the walls of the bore of the hub A substantially centrally thereof. In this case the springs J fit at their ends into recesses in the collars I and are so shaped and curved that pressure on the wheel in one direction will be taken up properly by the springs on that side, while the spring or springs on the other side will be relieved. Hence the spring is free to yield transversely to the shaft, according to the direction of the pull on the Wheel, and the pressure exerted will be substantially evenly distributed at opposite ends of the wheel to maintain the latter in its proper plane of rotation, this construction dispensing with the use of a long flexible shaft as heretofore used in other motors. Thus undue strains on the shaft B are obviated and the wheel A is enabled to run uniformly at a very high rate of speed.

Steam or other fluid as it issues from the discharge-chambers A may pass into a hood, such as K, secured to the base D and having a large exhaust-opening, as K.

In order to reduce the friction between the cut-off valve F and its support, I prefer to interposc a ball-bearing between the inner face of the frame 0 and the outer face of said valve, these balls being indicated by L and being adjustable in a ball-race in the outer face of the valve by screws L.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. A turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluidreceiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber.

2. A turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening,respectively, into the fluidreceiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber.

3.' A turbine wheel having angular fluid-receiving chambers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening,respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fiuidreceiving chamber.

4. A turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers tapering toward their discharge ends and disposed transversely to the plane of rotation of the wheel, and also having fluiddischarging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber.

5. A turbine wheel having transverse fluidreceiving chambers disposed obliquely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively,into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber.

6. A turbine wheel having transverse fluidreceiving chambers tapering toward their discharge ends and disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, re-

spectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber and disposed obliquely to the latter.

'7. A turbine wheel having transverse fluidreceiving chambers tapering toward their discharge ends and disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel, and also having fluid discharge chambers opening. respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the correspondingfiuidreceiving chamber and forming with such fluid-receiving chamber a substantially V- shaped passage.

8. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluidreceiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber, of fluid-supplying means having supply-passages opening into said fluid-receiving chambers and disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel.

9. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having transverse fluidreceiving chambers disposed obliquely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receiving chamber,of fluid-supplying means having supply-passages opening into said fluid-receiving chambers and disposed at a more acute angle to the plane of rotation of the wheel than said fluid-receiving chambers.

10. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening,respectively, into the fluidreceiving chambers and each of greater area IIO atits receiving end than the discharge end; of the corresponding flu id-receiving'cham'b'er,

X of fluid-supplying means having supply-pasof rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receivingend than the discharge end of the'correspondin g fluid-receiving-cham2 ber, of fluid-supplying means having supplypas sages opening into said fluid-receiving. chambers and disposed obliquely and tan ge'n'tially to the plane of rotation of thewheel.

12. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving cl-ramibers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, intothe: fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at'its receiving end than the discharge endot the corresponding fluid-re'ceivingichamber, of fluid-snpplyin-g means having sup-plypas'sagesopening into said fluid-receiving chambers and disposed. obliquely to the plane: of rotation oi the wheel, and a shi-ftable valve havingports positioned to register with some or all: of said supply-passages. r

1-3; In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers'disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging' chambers opening, respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receivin g cham ber, ot a casing; a fluid-chest in said casing and having a fluid-receiving opening and also having supply-passagesopening into said fluid-receiving chambers and; disposed ob l-iqgu-ely to the plane of rotation of the wheel;v and a circular cut-oft valve mounted tOttlzI-II in said chest and having an inlet-opening communicating with' the supply and also having setsof supply-ports in position to cornmnni'cate with some or allot said supply passages,

14;. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving chambers disposed transversely to its plane of rotation, and also having fluid-discharging chambers opening, respectively, into the fluid-receiving chambers and each of greater area at its receiving end than the discharge end of the corresponding fluid-receivin g chamber, of a casing; a fluid-chest in. said casing and having a fluid-receiving opening and a lso havin g supply-passages opening into saidfiuid-receiving chambers and disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the Wheel;

' a circular cut=ofE valve mounted to turn in,

are

said chest and having an inlet-opening com munieating with the supply, and also having sets of supply-ports in position to communiwi-th'. a turbine wheel having fl-uidreceiving and fluid-discharging chambers of fiuid-su pplying means, and a fluid-controlling valve having two dissimilar sets of supply-ports in position to cooperate alternatively with the fluid-supplying. means to open: or close communication from all of the supply-ports of either'set simultaneously to some or all of the fluid-receivingchainb'ers.

16. In a turbine motor, the combination, with turbine wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers, of fluid-supplying: rneans having a plurality of supplypassages opening into said fluid-receiving chambers, and a: fluid-controlling valve having: two dissimilar sets of supply-ports: in position to cooperate alternatively with thesnpplay-passages to'open or close communication from all of UlElQ'S'IIIJPIy-ZPO'IEESOf either setisimnltaneons'ly to some or all of said supply-pas sages.

17.= Ina turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine: wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambe rs, of fiu=id=s upplying means having-a plurality oi? supplypassages opening into said fi'uidreceiving chambers, and a reciprocatory: cut-ofi valve having: two dissimilar sets ofi supply-ports in position to cooperate alternatively with the s1ipply=passages toopen or close comaminnica tien fire-m all of? the-sugpplyports of either set simultaneo usly to some or all oi said: lnpplypassages.-

1 8: In a-tnrhine motor, the combination, ,with a turbinewh-eel having fluidme'ceiving and fiuid-dischargin g chambers; of fluid-suppl-ying; means having a plurality ct supplypassages opening into said fiu'idreceiving ICO chambers, and an oscil latory'cutsoffi valve having two dis-similar sets of supply=ports in position to cooperate alternatively with said supply-passages to open or close comm uini \f;ation to some or all ofisuch passagesa 19:. In. a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving and flui-d disehargingchambers, of fluid=snp--,

plying means having a p-luralityofisupplypassagesopening into said fluid-receiving chambers; a fluid-chest having anannula-r fluid-space; and; an. annular cutbfivalve in Said chest and having a plurality of sn pryports in position to open or close communication to some or all of saidsupply-passages 20. Ina turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having iiuid-receiwing. and fluid-d-ischargingchambers, of fluid-supplying means having a plurality or supplypassages opening into said fluid-reeeiving chambers; a fluid-chest having an annular fluid-space; and an oscillatory annular cutoff valve in said chest and having a plurality of supply-ports leading from its annular space and in position to open or close communication to some or all of said supply-passages.

21. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers, of fluid-supplying means; fluid-controlling means having a plurality of supply-ports in position to open or close communication between the fluid-supplying means and some or all of the fluid-receiving chambers and a governor controlled by said turbine wheel and goverm ing the operation of said fluid-controlling means.

22. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers, of fluid-supplying means; an oscillatory cut-0ft valve having a plurality of supply-ports in position to open or close communication between the fluid-supplying means and some or all of the fiuid-recei ving chambers; and a governor controlled by said turbine wheel and operatively connected with said valve.

23. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a turbine wheel having fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers, of fluid-supplying means; fluid-controlling means shiftable between two extreme positions and having a plurality of supply-ports in position to open or close communication between the fluid-supplying means and some or all of the fluid-receiving chambers; and a governor controlled by said turbine wheel and operative for shifting the fluid-controlling means automatically between its two extremepositions. I

24. A turbine wheel embodying two connected wheel-sections having dissimilar registering fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers, respectively.

25. A turbine wheel'embodying two connected wheel-sections lying side by side and having dissimilar registering transverse fluidreceiving and fluid-discharging chambers, respectively.

26. A turbine wheel embodying two connected wheel-sections having dissimilar registering fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers respectively intersecting the peripheries of said wheel-sections.

27. A turbine wheel embodying two connected wheel-sections having dissimilar re istering fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers respectively intersecting the peripheries of said wheel-sections, and a rim encircling the peripheries of said wheel-sections.

28. A turbine wheel embodying two connected circular webs of the same diameter lying side by side and having dissimilar oppositely-inclined registering fluid-receiving and fluid-discharging chambers respectively disposed obliquely to the plane of rotation of the wheel and intersecting the peripheries of said webs, and a circular rim shrunk around and encircling the peripheries of said webs.

29. In a turbine motor, the combination, with a main shaft, of collars secured to said shaft and formed with lugs and recesses; springs held on said shaft and engaging at their opposite ends the walls of the recesses in the collars; and a turbine wheel loosely mounted on said shaft and engaged by said springs and said lugs of the collars.

NILS NILSSON.

Witnesses:

THEO. G. HOSTER, J NO. M. BITTER.