US1017438A

US1017438A - Compound high-pressure turbine-wheel.

Info

Publication number: US1017438A
Application number: US61132111A
Authority: US
Inventors: Thomas Mcauley
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1911-02-28
Filing date: 1911-02-28
Publication date: 1912-02-13
Anticipated expiration: 1929-02-13

Description

T. MGAULEY. COMPOUND HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.28, 1911.

Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

w m H r. m

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH C0-. WASHINGTON. D. c.

T. MoAULEY.

COMPOUND HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED 33.23, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

v Q 4 K 3 0 N Q I i i M g 3 Q \\\v //A y/( I////// V \i\\m li Mia #5711110, /Z/I E MinescuLuMmA' PLANUGRAPH co. WASHINGTON, n c

Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

THOMAS MOAULEY, 0F RENO, NEVADA.

COMPOUND HIGH-PRESSURE TURBINE-WHEEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 13, 1912.

Application filed February 28, 1911. Serial N 0. 611,321.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS MoAULEY, citizen of the United States, residing at Reno, in the county of Washoe and State of Nevada, have invented new and useful Improvements in Compound High-Pressure Turbine-Wheels, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a high pressure turbine, and especially pertains to a com pound high pressure wheel which is particularly adapted to be operated by hydrostatic pressure.

It is the object of this invention to provide a turbine capable of generating high speed and power and which has a high percentage of efficiency.

A further object is to provide a turbine which is simple in construction, compact, and which is adapted to be adjusted to various pressures, and in which means are provided for governing the turbine to obtain a uniform rate of speed and power under various pressures.

The invention consists of the parts and the construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter more fully described and claimed, having reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a vertical section of the invention partly in elevation. Fig. 2 isa longitudinal section on the line X-X of Fig. 1, showing the drive shaft and governing mechanism in elevation. Fig. 3 is an en larged detail in section illustrating the principle of the operation of the invention.

In the drawings A represents a drive shafton which a turbine disk 2 is rigidly mounted; the disk 2 being formed integral with a hub 3, which hub is keyed or otherwise fixedly attached to the shaft A. The shaft A is supported and revoluble in suitable bearings 4 on each side of the hub 3.

Mounted on the opposite faces of the disk 2 is a series of annularly disposed buckets or blades 5-6, these buckets extending at right angles to the face of the disk 2 and formed integral therewith. The row of buckets 5 is arranged adjacent the perimeter of the disk 2, while the row of buckets 6 is disposed on the disk 2 a short distance from the buckets 5 and concentric therewith, as shown in Fig. 1.

Mounted on each side of the disk 2 is a series of blades 7 formed integral with the disk and extending from the hub'3 tangential thereto, and diagonal to the radius of the disk 2, and terminating in curved or arched portions a short distance from the buckets 6; the outer ends of the blades 7 being disposed concentric with the bucket 6.

The turbine disk 2 with the buckets 5-6 and blades 7 are inclosed within a casing 8 which is constructed in halves and disposed on each side of the disk 2, as shown in Fig. 2, the adjacent edge of the casing being flanged to receive bolts 9 by means of which the two halves are securely clamped together. The casing 8 is mounted eccentric to the disk A, as shown in Fig. 1, to form a volute shaped passage 10 exterior of the'disk 2. This passage 10 is divided by means of a partition 11, which partition is mounted between the adjacent halves of the casing 8 and extends inwardly with its inner edge contacting the outer peripheral edge of the disk 2. Mounted on each half of the casing 8 are concentric rows of buckets 1213, which buckets are formed integral with the casing 8 and adapted to project bet-ween the concentric rows of buckets on the disk 2, as shown in Fig. 2, the buckets 12 extending between the buckets 56, and the buckets 13 extending between the buckets 6 and the terminals of the blades 7. The volute passage 10 opens at a point below the vertical diameter of the turbine disk 2 to a straight passageway 14 formed integral with the casing 8, which passageway leads to the discharge end of a nozzle 15, mounted on a pipe line 16, leading from any suitable source of liquid supply.

Mounted in the nozzle 15 is a gate valve 17 which is slidable vertically therein; this gate being adapted to be raised and lowered by means of a hand-wheel 18 revolubly attached to the gate 17 and threaded on a shaft 18 to regulate the area of the dis-' charge opening of the nozzle 15. It being essential that the volume of fluid delivered through the nozzle 15 to the passageway 14 be directed along the bottom thereof, means are provided for deflecting the fluid downward beneath the gate 17, which means also serve to reduce the pressure of the fluids in the nozzle 15 against the back of the gate 17. This means consists of a gate 19 which extends across the nozzle 15 the full width thereof and is pivotally mounted at 20 on the ceiling of the nozzle 15; the outer end of this gate 19 being supported and slidable in guide flanges 21 formed in the back of the vertically slidable gate 17 in such a mannor that when the gate 17 is raised or lowered the horizontal gate 19 will move there with.

As a certain amount of fluid in the nozzle 15 will pass to a space above the gate 19, it is necessary to provide means for relieving this fluid when it is desired to raise the gate. This is accomplished by connecting the space above the gate 19 with the pasageway lt by means of a pipe 22 in which a cut-off valve 23 is disposed; this pipe forming a bypass to relieve the pressure behind the gate 19 when it is being raised.

In operation fluid under pressure from any suitable source of supply is delivered through the pipe line 16 to the nozzle where it is deflected downward by the gate 19 and directed under the gate 17, from whence it passes along the bottom of the passageway 14: and enters the volute shaped passage 10 on each side of the partition 11, the volume of the fluid admitted to the volute passage 10, by reason of its velocity, tending to follow the curvature of the inner arcual face of the casing 8. This column of fluid traveling around the volute passage 10 on each side of the partition 11 is impinged upon the buckets 5 on the perimeter of the disk 2 at a point on the periphery of the disk 2 which is spaced from the inner arcual surface of the casing 8, a distance corresponding to the depth of the fluid column. From this it will be seen, that by reason of the gradually decreasing sectional area of the passages 10, that the moment of impact of the column of fluid therein on the peripheral buckets 5 of the turbine disk 2 is governed by the depth of this fluid column. For illustration, if the gate 17 is in its open position the column of fluid under pressure will enter the passageway 14: and completely fill the latter so that the upper surface of the stream will strike the lowermost bucket 5 on the periphery of the disk 2, and by reason of the volute passage 10 being completely filled throughout its length by the stream, pressure will be delivered to each of the buckets 5 around the entire perimeter of the disk 2. By reducing the discharge area of the nozzle 15 by means of the gate valve 17, a more shallow stream of fluid will be delivered to the volute passage 10, which passes some distance around the disk 2 before striking the buckets 5, as herebefore mentioned. The impact surfaces of the buckets 5 are so curved that the fluid impinged thereagainst will be deflected backward so as to strike the face of the bucket 12, which face is curved in a direction opposite to that of the bucket 5 in such manner as to deflect the current against the bucket 6 on the disk 2, from whence it is again deflected against the bucket 13, then passes to the blades 7.

The point of juncture bet-ween the disk 2 and the hub 3 is curved, so the current on passing along the blade 7 adjacent to the disk 2 will be deflected so as to pass over extended portions 7 of the blades 7 which are mounted on hubs 3, forming continuations of the hub 3, from whence the fluid is discharged radially by centrifugal force. The blade portion 7 extends outward through openings in the casing 8, as shown in Fig. 2. v

The buckets 5612-13 are peculiarly arranged and constructed, the impact surfaces being comparatively shallow, and the back portion of the buckets are elongated and tapered so as to form passages between the adjacent blades, which permits the fluid to pass from the volute passage 10 toward the center of the disk 2 in a zigzag direction, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3. The action of the current in passing from the movable blades 56 to the stationary blades 1213 tends to rotate the disk 2 at high speed, as is well-known in turbine .operations.

Automatic means are provided for governing the speed of the turbine independent of the valve gate 17. This means consists of a governor 24:, which is adapted to be rotated through gears 25 by means of the drive shaft A. This governor 24L rises at a predetermined speed to actuate a lever 26, to rock a shaft 27 on which is mounted a gate 28 which forms a portion of the bottom of the passageway 14. It will be seen that as the governor is caused to move upward by an abnormal speed of the shaft A that the gate 28 will be rocked in such a manner as to open the bottom of the passageway 14 to permit the escape of a portion of the fluid passing therethrough which reduces the volume of fluid entering the volute passage 10 and thereby automatically regulates the speed of the turbine disk 2; it being manifest that this speed is subjected to the volume and pressure of fluid discharged into the volute passage 10.

An important feature of this invention lies in the peculiar shape and arrangement of the turbine buckets or blades 56-12 and 13, which by reason of their elongated, tapered construction and their opposed arrangement form passageways between the concentric rows of blades, which passage ways are so arranged that the current of liquid passing from one row of blades to the other will be caused to be reversed in its direct-ion of flow.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- 1. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, and each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, and said disk having blades extending from the hub to substantially the innermost row of buckets having inner ends substantially opposite the spaces between said buckets.

2. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, and said disk having blades extending from the hub to substantially the innermost row of buckets having inner ends substantially 0pposite the spaces between said bucket, and each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, said rows of buckets adapted to extend between concentric rows of similarly shaped but oppositely disposed stationary buckets rigidly mounted on a casing, the tapered extensions of the buckets forming the walls of Zigzag channels for the passage of fluids.

3. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, and said disk having blades extending from the hub to substantially the innermost row of buckets having inner ends substantially opposite the spaces between said bucket, and each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, said rows of buckets adapted to extend between concentric rows of similarly shaped but oppositely disposed stationary buckets rigidly mounted on a casing, the tapered extensions of the buckets forming the walls of zigzag channels for the passage of fluids, and the casing on which said stationary buckets are mounted, said casing disposed eccentric to the disk to form a volute shaped passage around the periphery of the disk.

4. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, and a series of blades on said disk arranged tangential to the center thereof,

said blades disposed within the inner row of impact buckets and having a straight portion at their inner ends and a curved portion at their outer ends.

5. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, a series of blades on said disk arranged tangential to the center thereof, said blades disposed within the inner row of impact buckets and having a straight portion at their inner ends and a curved portion at their outer ends, a casing inclosing said disk, and rows of similarly shaped but oppositely disposed stationary buckets rigidly mounted on said casing, said last named rows of buckets extending between the rows of buckets on the disk.

6. In a fluid pressure turbine, a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, a series of blades on said disk arranged tangential to the center thereof, said blades disposed within the inner row of impact buckets and having a straight portion at their inner ends and a curved portion at their outer ends, a casing inclosing said disk, rows of similarly shaped but oppositely disposed stationary buckets rigidly mounted on said casing, said last named rows of buckets extending bet-ween the rows of buckets on the disk, said tangentially arranged blades having extensions projecting through openings in said casing, and a volute shaped passage around the periphery of the disk formed by mounting the disk eccentric to the casing, said passage opening to a source of fluid supply.

7. The combination in a turbine of a disk formed on a hub mounted on a drive shaft, said disk having concentric rows of impact buckets formed on the sides thereof, each of said buckets formed with a shallow curved face and a tapered extension on the rear thereof, a series of blades on said disk arranged tangential to the center thereof, said blades disposed within the inner row of impact buckets and having a straight portion at their inner ends and a curved portion at their outer ends, a casing inclosing said disk, rows of similarly shaped but oppositely disposed stationary buckets rigidly mounted on said casing, said last named rows of buckets extending between the rows of buckets on the disk, said tangentially arranged blades having extensions projecting through openings in said casing, a volute shaped passage around the periphery of the disk formed by mounting the disk eccentric to the casing, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set SZLlCl passage opening to a source of fluld my hand 1n the presence of two subscrlbmg supply, means dlsposed 1n a nozzle for regu- Witnesses.

lating the volume of fluid admitted to THOMAS MOAULEY. the volute passage, and means controlled Witnesses:

through the drive shaft for automatically G. H. STRONG,

governing the speed of the turbine disk. J 0111s H. HERRING.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.